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30 views12 pagesDigital Library: Issues and Challenges
A digital library is a library in which a significant proportion of the resources are available in machine-readable format (as opposed to print or microform), accessible by means of computers. The digital content may be locally held or accessed remotely via computer networks. In libraries, the process of digitization began with the catalog, moved to periodical indexes and abstracting services, then to periodicals and large reference works, and finally to book publishing.
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30 views12 pagesDigital Library: Issues and Challenges
A digital library is a library in which a significant proportion of the resources are available in machine-readable format (as opposed to print or microform), accessible by means of computers. The digital content may be locally held or accessed remotely via computer networks. In libraries, the process of digitization began with the catalog, moved to periodical indexes and abstracting services, then to periodicals and large reference works, and finally to book publishing.
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Dr SP KulshresthaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 12
pigital Library : Issues and Challenges
8. P) Kulshresilsa ‘, Lanta Nauitiyal®
Abstract:
lll iby ba Uibrary in hich signin propertion of the reswurees
geailahle an inachindéreadable format (eax oppased fo print ar microform),
ie by nbetins of computers. The digital content mary be tacitly eld or
rary
Acdigital library is wmv ongantned and focused collection of digital objects,
‘Incliding text, images, video and audio, nlong With medhods for access and
cTertitval, mid far selection, creation, organization, und maintenance of the
{lection (Jan Witten at ol (Univ. of Waitako, NZ) )
AGL ts a:rnnaped collection of iaformation, with associated services.
whet the information fs stored in digital formats aid 2c over a
“Acouiork. 4 cricial part ot this definitiod fs that the infbeitxtion ismmanazed
seat of data set nth tom eateie fenotia Hbrary.‘The same data
<8 Gninized syestentatically becomes a digitil library.” ¢ Willian
Anne{Crxnel Univ)
tl bray is rot merely equivabentto widigitized collection with information
iol risa seis of activist gs topeti coletions 7
left support OF the fll Jie cyole Of creation, dissemination, usc, 91
: ‘of daa, information, nd knowledge. The challenges.and opporuuuitis
MH dred gil Iitrary research initintive are asscciaied with this
Tra ea libey edvitoumett
Tat shit be w searslens exten of the library: that provides scholars
Anormatica in ny format the has been evaluated, organized, ahi
Pe CEES 1 tis evolving collection of diet is provided
ts cae ‘ystems as well as tarough the services of information
digit lorry. adds vale and saves:tni while biting the tinies OF ee UU EEE EEE SSIES EEE oe
Usefil es
Library: school, college, university, public, R&D, corporate, etc.
Publishing, Archiving of periodicals, research papers etc
Knowledge inanagement system: universities, companies etc
Scalubility ancl Maintainability
advintages over maintnining a website of HTML pages
Searchabliey
Meratiora:
Published on CD-ROM/DYVD:
Size of documents up te several GB of text
Usive monitoring and teporting
ee ee et
Some Opes source DL Tools
= DSpuce
= GNU Eprints
* Greenstone
Advantages
Digital libraries can immediately adopt innovations initeehnoloey providing
‘Sees will provements in electronic and audio book tai hisaley a well a-presenting
Few forms of Comminication such aa wikis and bh
* $6 pliysical boundary. “hes ee cPuzigaat library need not 09 go-to Be
Very physically, people from all over the world can gain uocess 10 th
Fe information, as long a ant Internet coursaction i avallable.
oe the clocic availibility. A major advantago of digital Nbreras # that
+ Motig gti secets to the information ar any time, nightor day.
eran The eam resoitces can be ubjedd at the sate tlre or
* (AaAuaed approach. Digital ibnites pruvide accesso much abe some
{On move structured manner: Le. ween icy ‘move fom te catalog
. Tisemiet ther to a particlar chupter ad 36 ode a
Uh-wordorpraa: rt 39 ble to ise iy aptel en elinrP
et ng sense cviee cotietion. Dig ibrares ea pro
c Preseenniog sod eet Hickable acces to its teyourees mony
ay ure of tine in An exact copy of the oriyina can PE
* Space. Whetess tragitoca any degratatian in, quality soon, il resource sharing can beachieved,
(Gost, Inntheory, the cost of maintaining, a digital library is lower than that af
diraiitional ibeary. A waditional library me
vig for staff. hook: maintenance, rent, a
ean and do ifieur large costs for the conversion of print
format, for the techiical skills of staff to maintain them, and. for the costs af
smiintaiaity Online dccess (j,e servers, bandwidth casts,
fnformailon in & digital library
the hitest digital media. This proce
and skilled personnel
iy Some digital libraries; auch as Project Gurenbers. work to dig
and make them freely available to the public. An estimote of the number of
‘books sll existent in library catalogues from 2000B.C. to 1960, has been
‘Ditsial ibruries ciimndt reproduce the cavironinent ofa traditional library
oily people also find residing peritited material to be easier than reading material on a
Merbe dlihibugh this depends heavily on presentation as well as personal
erences, Also, dic to jethiidlogical develo; i
‘content become ut-o fate and its data may besame untaccessible.
Digital libraries nre wholly dependent on cheap, alvundint sources of eleccicity;
mtd form of energy which i produced primarily fron fossil fuels and to 6
fromnuclenr and “green sources. Without electricity, the content cannot
h itis loss fined, easily copied, and remotely accessible by xnultiple wens
Sune temo esas cig vege oi es
be, ie i ies ay igh
; is that of the technical architecture thut underlies 29) £8
‘res il neeio erence and upgre cave teil rene
“digial mmetiats. The architecture wall inchxde eonpanents 9°
¥ Reon ‘networks and fast connections to the Internet
atubiuses that subonrt a variety of digital formats © Full test searclt engines. to Index and provide a .
© Avvatlety of'servers, ich 28 Web servers and FTP servers
© Electronic document management functions that will aid’ in the overall
management of digital resources
(One Enpartant thing to point out about technical architec
iiearles that they sell be w collottion of disparate systems and
thrvagh « petwork, and Intelited withisi one interface, most Tike
pone of its descents
es for digital
Paihia Facto: = ban
digi colecions One tet it seating digitat Mbraries will be the balding of
veal calle wih rn al lary tobe vise it ms exerts
aoe balding dg calecioge ny a es
Recall that i anes.
Hela ae Othe inary mods of igi cllsion ting
Hon. Wht doe this term mean exnetiy?Snuply pu SME on
Gt amalégue medieesuch as books, joltist articles, PP
feet even to)
pete =e siphiae?
do You.
ure several ae dsciding what parts of a collection 16 bi
=i proaches avalible, at least theoretical
ear ili od ef collections , replete
nh itis impractical oc eipossible echnicals: Tees
itizatlon of w port
A small Ee Petlelter special ct
ae lection offtnaieetable sine. maven kin ata
Highlight diverse
OeHom by igang jielany good exile some collection strength
« High-wve materials: miki,
fcoctibla,
Theve approaches cath be used ulaye of
particular insinition’s goals foe’ digit tation
2 (hose minteriats that ure in moet Sempre inane
in combination, depending upon a
Nawilig, Identifiers, ard persistence
Tho next issue is related to motudata. IhTa the problem of ralnitye in aw eligial
brary. Names are strings that uniquely identify digital objedts and are Part of any
Accuitient's metadata, Names are as importunt in o lgital Ubrary, Nartieg are uniquely
enti fyitig digital objects for purposes such as:
© Cltittions
* Information retrieval
* To make links among objects
* And for the purposes of minaying cispyright
Any syitern of naming that is developed rust be permanent, ‘mating: inclisFintholy.,
‘Thhstheank, among other things that the narme can't be bound Up wiih & specific lication,
‘Theanique name and its location must be soparate, This is Very much unlike URLs, the
‘Sutrent method for identifviny object Gn the Internet.
A global ochome of Unique iMentifices ix required: ong thill Nie persistence
Delon the life oF the: arigintingy Grigantzaition and that isk tied to specific loeaitiana
Or Piucestes. ‘Thene names must remain viilid whenever dacumeats are moved from
‘locaton to another, o are migrated frat one etorage medium to anos. ;
__._. The issue-of persistent naming ralees ithieod ie s.coordininted wehore, is well
Petisent names uro an orpanirational problem, rather than 08 etygineetinys probletn.
Teshieally,w sywemta inde nantes i pousble; hoivver;tnkque ideiiers will
‘wl pets some institution takex expan bility for thelr hsaggement an migration
HM etitrens, Technology to succeeding gonérutions af technologiti.
SOPyrightj rights mans
gement .
al objects are lin fixed, easily copied, and remota Ym
Fray ttultaneously. Tlie problemy for Iruries is dit, ude private bus ens
heist ow thle inforqasion, Meri are fr dhe ont pat np oie
Hetil -they dott awn dhe copyright of the matraldhay hold any
ilies itizn and provide acerka to tho eopyrigh
Willever be able ta freely dijitive and pr skitions ty
4 their collections. Instead, they will hive to ele hse peer tae
welt eae Bock iva EN a Litem Pri br
STC, oem
|Profece eomplertecl. entant dina being: wob ecu
“4 | Seng up Scum Coton re Flyraba ex jaticpatione
in eats Dip Uipey Pretty Cal
Labney MMpizabind wid Gea Comal Likeesy Dyers
Project, Completed, Scanned dasa webs cubed 09
peor ne in i
Jsveubie on tha wat
S (Adin Sharada pepe (Digitalis of ect mmmueitipes
ior & seu Tacion Lajpayes peraiing to ths vans.
cSt pend all ocr wesc cies by St Se
hegnilgsrs Shaskarechanys Motosarasthanscs
iy Sharada Poca, Seige
[Pruject Cocrpheted. Scientia wet enh ox
lm sew aera
Arn ir pemserion wf race edocs vel OM
Jarmgesinine ori 1h conte 19 wees wil Sst
Fomtore ato, arama by CARRE Neda
[Protect completed. The cme! data web cxbbhed i
sdscabida in
[RALASAMPAD™ Cxymet Liteary -Resuuree of fda
Chea esting RESCH: by CA: New Del
Pradect carmpieted. Tan sommes lata wy enuitet
iseafielodiirevomtind
Open Aacsivins Ke Preservation of Kare Marion
fede Avlie wit Nangpel aaueeceteeey
Tieton
uke Spe
jeter Mena ea ty» Si
ub versed tL
alma eA yoo
iki wp ficeeng cay ha eae
dilhan ech pense a atletion
Nenay prior ed Crmmge
[isi win oar ee es
and inveutenents
piven the: Tales
* Digitnation of
Tp digitize botda of tomanom ieee fae
conten eid ana ett Peele
cant mad nae sate ns wg
Fehhga: med Sasha bo gSad fem nd ka [Ere RL. 1996, Digital initiatives of the Research Libraries ‘Group. D-Lib
"Spine, Beceaniber, 1996, URL: hup:/www. lb. ory/diibideceriber96/rl)
erway dim
Gila, PS. 19953, Requirements for the digital research library. URL: hitp:/
Hpulmnletutgers editltexts/DRC.htm|Graham, PS; (19956). Long-term
peliectual preservation. URE: htip://sultnis.rutgers.edu/texts/dps.html
3 Lek, M1996, Going digital. Scientific American. March, 1996, 58-60,
Also aynilable at? URL: hitp:/!www.sciem.com/0397issue/0397 eck html
+ Miller; 1S. 1996, W2C-and digital libraries. D-Lib Magazino, Noveinber,
196) URL hit {Arww.diib,org/dlib/november96/1 LmillerhtintNumnbers,
Pu,
& Seite Bid Chen, H_ 1996 Building large-scale digital libraries. Computer,
te 1956. Also available ar: URL: hittpy/werw. computer: orp/pubs/computer/
RLG. 1995 Preserving digital information: The Report of the Task Foree on
Atchividi GF Digits! Information. Contitissioned by the Commission on
ation and Access und the Research Libracies Group. URL: haps!
WAN OTR ATEN TE Afi inde hem
VhtD., 1998 What ore disialNoruries? CLIR. Issues, July/August, URL:
Spl sic orpfoubwissuew/isvesO4 HTML,
Tras 1995. Mtadnn: The Fourubatione of Regource Destription:D:
in + 7
betel July 1995 URL: httpu/Anvw.dlib.org/dlib/July95/
a
ye
Pblahoy y SOM Key Challenges ia DRM: An Industry Perspective?
Menara B: Proceedings of the 2002, ACM Workshop on Digital Rights
Sree yea ed., Leoture Notes it Computer Science 2696,
famggy NY 2003, Also available a p/w facastercom:papers?
Hi. ce es i
Acsuinly SMD. "Fo Link or To Copy? Four Principles for Materials
via Yotemnet Electronic Libruries.* Available at URL: