UNIT 9: GOOD CITIZENS

Vietnamese
Form Meaning
equivalent
1. economic the growth of a country's money and phát triển nền kinh tế
development business
2. sociocultural when people from different backgrounds hội nhập văn hóa xã
integration learn to live and work together hội
3. child poverty when children don't have enough money nghèo đói ở trẻ em
or things they need for a good life
4. hygiene standard how clean and healthy something should tiêu chuẩn vệ sinh
be to keep people safe
5. child abuse when adults hurt or treat children badly lạm dụng trẻ em
6. general well-being how healthy and happy someone is trạng thái khỏe mạnh,
hạnh phúc
7. underprivileged children who don't have as much as trẻ em thiếu thốn
children others, like money or good schools
8. prior experience things you've done or learned before kinh nghiệm trước
đây
9. helping hand help or support sự giúp đỡ
GRAMMAR:
PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
Câu bị động là câu có chủ từ nhận chịu hành động do một tác nhân naò đó gây nên
EX:
A.V: Mr.Pike watches TV everyday.
P.V: Tv is watched by Mr.Pike
.Công thức chung: A.V: S + V (tense) + O

P.V: S + Be + V3/ed + by+O

. Các bước thực hiện như sau:

1. Lấy túc từ trực tiếp trong câu chủ động (A.V) làm chủ từ cho câu bị động(P.V)
2. Xem động từ trong câu chủ động chia thì nào, ta sẽ chia động từ TOBE ở thì đó.
3. Đổi động từ chính ra qúa khứ phân từ (V3/ed)
4. Sắp xếp “by + O” đúng vị trí (trước thời gian, sau nơi chốn)
5. Lấy chủ từ của câu A.V xuống làm túc từ cho câu P.V sau BY
 V Be + V3/ed

Thì V Be+Ved/3
V(s/es) Am / is / are + V3/ed
Hiện tại đơn
EX:Tom watches TV TV is watched by Tom
 Am / is / are + V_ing Am / is / are + being + V3/ed
Hiện tại TD
Ex: Tom is watching TV TV is being watched by Tom
Have / has + V3/ed Have / has + been+ V3/ed
Hiện tại HT
Ex: Tom has watched TV TV has been watched by Tom
V2/ed Was/ were + V3/ed
Quá khứ đơn
Ex: Tom watched TV TV was watched by Tom
Was / Were + V-ing Was / Were + being+ V3/ed
Quá khứ TD
Ex: Tom was watching TV TV was being watched by Tom
Had + V3/ed Had + been + V3/ed
Quá khứ HT
Ex: Tom had bought a book A book had been bought by Tom
Will/ shall + Vo Will/shall + be + V3/ed
Tương lai đơn
Ex: Tom will buy that book That book will be bought by Tom
M.V + V0 M.V + be + V3/ed
Model Verb(M.V)
Ex: Nam can speak English English can be spoken by Nam
Used to/ Used to/
Used to/
have to/ have to/
have to/
be going to + V0 be going to + be + V3/ed
be going to
They are going to visit Tom Tom is going to be visited

Chú ý: - Modal Verbs: là will/ would, can/ could, may/ might, ….

- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn + by O + trạng từ chỉ thời gian
Ex: Mr. Pike was watching TV in the room at 9 o’clock last night.
TV was being watched in the room by Mr.Pike last night.

Chủ từ I You We They He She It

Túc từ Me You Us Them Him Her It
- BỎ BY+ him/ her / it / them/ people/ someone/ somebody …………..
- BỎ BY+ nobody/ no one/ ….. (thêm NOT sau TO BE)
Exercise . Change Yes - No questions & Wh – questions into passive voices
1. Do they teach English here?
=> Is ______________________________________________________
2. Will you invite her to your wedding party?
=> Will ____________________________________________________
3. Did the teacher give the students some exercises?
=> Were some ____________________________________________________
4. Why didn’t they help him?
=> Why wasn’t______________________________________________
5. Where do people speak English?
=> Where is _________________________________________________
6. Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
=> Who is __________________________________________________
Some special cases of passive voice.
* Active:
S1 think (that) S2 V
say
believe
rumour
People say That Tom’s father is a doctor.
* Passive:
Cách 1:
 It + Be thought (that) S2 V
said
believed
rumoure
d
It is said That Tom’s father is a doctor.

Cách 2:
thought V0 (2 động từ cùng thì)
S2 + Be said to
believed have Ved/3 (động từ sau mệnh đề THAT
rumoure xảy ra trước)
d
Tom’s father is Said to be a doctor.
- Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away.
 Mary was thought to have gone away.
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG:
EXERCISE . Change these sentences into passive:
1. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
=>_________________________________________________
=>_________________________________________________
2. They rurrioured the man was still living.
=>_________________________________________________
=>_________________________________________________
3. They declared that she won the competition.
=>_________________________________________________
=>_________________________________________________
4. They know that English is an international language.
=>_________________________________________________
=>_________________________________________________
5. People think that Jack London’s life and writings represent the American love of adventure.
=>_________________________________________________
=>_________________________________________________
Causative form (thể nhờ bảo): “Have” , “Get”
THE CAUSATIVE FORM
S + HAVE + O (person) + Vo + O (thing)
ACTIVE FORM
S + GET + O (person) + to V + O (thing)
PASSIVE FORM S + HAVE / GET + O (thing) + V-ed/3 + BY + O (person)
E.g. a. I had him repair the roof yesterday. / I got him to repair the roof yesterday.
b. I had the roof repaired yesterday. / I got the roof repaired yesterday.
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
1. My secretary will notify you next week.
 You will be notified by my secretary next week.
2. When does he usually do his homework?
 When is his homework usually done ?
3. It is predicted that the company will lose money this year.
 The company is predicted to lose money this year.
4. I get her to make some coffee.
 I get some coffee made.
5. Nobody swept this street last week.
 This street wasn’t swept last week.