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Extreme Performance

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HP Oracle Exadata Product Overview

2008 Oracle Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

HP Oracle Exadata Storage Server

Optimized Storage Product for the Oracle Database Extreme I/O and SQL Processing performance for data warehousing Combination of hardware and software Hardware by

Software by

2008 Oracle Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

Exadata Benefits
Extreme Performance

10X to 100X speedup for data warehousing

Database Aware Storage
Smart Scans

Massively Parallel Architecture

Dynamically Scalable Unlimited Linear Scaling of Data Bandwidth Transaction/Job level Quality of Service

Mission Critical Availability and Protection

Disaster recovery, backup, point-in-time recovery, data validation, encryption

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The Performance Challenge

Storage Data Bandwidth Bottleneck

Current warehouse deployments often have bottlenecks limiting the movement of data from disks to servers
Storage Array internal bottlenecks on processors and Fibre Channel Loops Limited Fibre Channel host bus adapters in servers Under configured and complex SANs

Pipes between disks and servers are 10x to 100x too slow for data size
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Solutions To Data Bandwidth Bottleneck

Add more pipes Massively parallel architecture Make the pipes wider 5X faster than conventional storage Ship less data through the pipes Process data in storage

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Exadata A New Architecture

Breaks Data Bandwidth Bottleneck
Exadata Ships Less Data Through Pipes
Query processing is moved into storage to dramatically reduce data sent to servers while offloading server CPUs

Exadata has More Pipes

Modular storage cell building blocks organized into Massively Parallel Grid Bandwidth scales with capacity

Exadata has Bigger Pipes

InfiniBand interconnect transfers data 5x faster than Fibre Channel

Exadata Moves a Lot Less Data a Lot Faster

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2008 Oracle Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

HP Exadata Storage Server Hardware

Exadata Storage Server Building block of massively parallel Exadata Storage Grid
Up to 1GB/sec data bandwidth per cell

HP DL180 G5
2 Intel quad-core processors 8GB RAM Dual-port 4X DDR InfiniBand card 12 SAS or SATA disks

Racked Exadata Storage Servers

Software pre-installed
Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software Oracle Enterprise Linux HP Management Software

Hardware Warranty
3 YR Parts/3 YR Labor/3 YR On-site 24X7, 4 Hour response
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HP Exadata Storage Server Hardware Details

Redundant 110/220V Power Supplies P400 Smart Array Disk Controller card - 512M battery backed cache 12 x 3.5 Disk Drives

8 GB DRAM

2 Intel Xeon Quad-core Processors InfiniBand DDR dual port card

LO100c Management Card

Included Software: Oracle Exadata Storage Server Software Oracle Enterprise Linux HP Management Software

2008 Oracle Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

SAS or SATA Disks in Exadata Servers

Choice of either
450 GB 15,000 RPM SAS disks 1 TB 7,200 RPM SATA disks

Choose SAS Based Servers for High Performance

SAS Advantages Throughput (MB/s) Average Seek Time (ms) Disk level read errors (per year) Years to disk failure SAS 1,000 3.6 6.3 15.2 SATA 750 7.4 63 11.4 Advantage 1.33X 2.05X 10.00X 1.33X

Choose SATA Based Servers for High Capacity

SATA Advantages Capacity (TB) SAS 5.4 SATA 12 Advantage 2.22X

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Scalable
Add racks to scale further Scale to 18 cells in one rack

Each cell connects to 2 InfiniBand switches for Redundancy This delivers 4x the bandwidth
SAS raw capacity per rack: 97TB SATA raw capacity per rack: 216TB Peak throughput per rack : >18GB/s

InfiniBand links across racks for full connectivity

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Extreme Performance in Action

Scan TB of User Data In 3.5 sec.

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 14 28 42 56 70 84 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Elapsed Time Secs Scan Rate(GB/Sec)

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Massively Parallel Storage Grid

Exadata Storage servers are organized into a massively parallel storage grid Scalable
Scales to hundreds of storage servers Data automatically distributed across storage servers by ASM Transparently redistributed when storage servers are added or removed Data bandwidth scales linearly with capacity 16 GB/sec

8 GB/sec

Available

4 GB/sec Data is mirrored across storage servers Failure of disk or storage server transparently tolerated

Simple

Exadata bandwidth scales Works transparently - no application changes linearly with capacity

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Exadata Performance Scales

10 Hour

Table Scan Time

Exadata delivers brawny hardware for use by Oracles brainy software Performance scales with size Result
More business insight Better decisions Improved competitiveness

Typical Warehouse
5 Hour

1 Hour

Exadata
1TB 10 TB 100TB

Table Size

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HP Oracle Database Machine

Pre-Configured High Performance Data Warehouse 8 DL360 Oracle Database servers
2 quad-core Intel Xeon, 32GB RAM Oracle Enterprise Linux Oracle RAC

14 Exadata Storage Cells (SAS or SATA)

Up to 21 TB uncompressed user data (SAS) Up to 46 TB uncompressed user data (SATA)

4 InfiniBand switches 1 Gigabit Ethernet switch Keyboard, Video, Mouse (KVM) hardware Hardware Warranty
3 YR Parts/3 YR Labor/3 YR On-site 24X7, 4 Hour response time

Add more racks for unlimited scalability

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Exadata Product Capacity

Raw Storage
HP Exadata Storage Server Hardware SAS HP Exadata Storage Server Hardware SATA HP Oracle Database Machine Hardware SAS HP Oracle Database Machine Hardware SAT 5.4 TB 12 TB 75 TB 168 TB

User Data
1.5 TB 3.3 TB 21 TB 46 TB

Data Bandwidth
1 GB/s 0.75 GB/s 14 GB/s 10.5 GB/s

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Exadata Configuration
Single-Instance Database RAC Database

InfiniBand Switch/Network

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Each Exadata Cell is a self-contained server which houses disk storage and runs the Exadata software Databases are deployed across multiple Exadata Cells Database enhanced to work in cooperation with Exadata intelligent storage No practical limit to number of Cells that can be in the grid

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Exadata Architecture
Single-Instance Database DB Server DB Instance DBRM ASM RAC Database DB Server DB Server DB Instance DBRM ASM DB Instance DBRM ASM
Enterprise Manager

InfiniBand Switch/Network

iDB Protocol over InfiniBand with Path Failover OEL

OEL
CELLSRV

OEL
CELLSRV

MS IORM RS Exadata Cell

MS IORM RS Exadata Cell

CELLSRV

MS IORM RS Exadata Cell

Cell Control CLI

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Smart Scan Offload Processing

Exadata Storage Servers implement smart scans to greatly reduce the data that needs to be processed by database hosts
Offload predicate evaluation Only return relevant rows and columns to host Join filtering

Data reduction is usually very large

10x data reduction is common

Completely transparent
Even if a cell or disk fails during a query

Smart Scan Example:

Telco wants to identify customers that spend more than $200 on a single phone call The information about these premium customers occupies 2MB in a 1 terabyte table

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Traditional Scan Processing

With traditional storage, all Rows Returned database intelligence resides in the database hosts Very large percentage of data returned from storage DB Host reduces terabyte of data to 1000 is discarded by database customer names that servers are returned to client Discarded data consumes valuable resources, and impacts the performance of other workloads
I/Os Executed: 1 terabyte of data returned to hosts
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SELECT customer_name FROM calls WHERE amount > 200;

Table Extents Identified

I/Os Issued

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Exadata Smart Scan Processing

SELECT customer_name FROM calls WHERE amount > 200;

Only the relevant columns

Rows Returned

customer_name and required rows where amount>200 are are returned to hosts

Smart Scan Constructed And Sent To Cells

Consolidated Result Set Built From All Cells

CPU consumed by predicate evaluation is offloaded Moving scan processing off the database host frees host CPU cycles and eliminates massive amounts of unproductive messaging
Returns the needle, not the entire hay stack

Smart Scan identifies rows and columns within terabyte table that match request
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2MB of data returned to server

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Additional Smart Scan Functionality

Join filtering
Star join filtering is performed within Exadata storage cells Dimension table predicates are transformed into filters that are applied to scan of fact table

Backups
I/O for incremental backups is much more efficient since only changed blocks are returned

Create Tablespace (file creation)

Formatting of tablespace extents eliminates the I/O associated with the creation and writing of tablespace blocks

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Smart Scan Transparency

Smart scans are transparent to the application
No application or SQL changes required Returned data is fully consistent and transactional If a cell dies during a smart scan, the uncompleted portions of the smart scan are transparently routed to another cell

Smart Scans correctly handle complex cases including

Uncommitted data and locked rows Chained rows Compressed tables National Language Processing Date arithmetic Regular expression searches Partitioned tables

High Throughput, Reduced Overhead, No Complex Tuning

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Exadata Storage Grid

I/O Resource Management
Database A
. .

Database B
. .

Database C
.

With traditional storage,creating a managing shared storage is hampered by the inability to balance the work between users on the same database or on multiple databases sharing the storage subsystem
Hardware isolation is the approach to ensure separation

Storage Switch/Network

Exadata I/O resource management ensures user defined SLAs are met
Coordination and prioritization between different groups/classes of work within a database and between databases

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Exadata I/O Resource Management

DW and Mixed Workload Environments Ensure different users and tasks within a database are allocated the correct relative amount of I/O resources For example:
Interactive: 50% of I/O resources Reporting: 30% of I/O resources ETL: 20% of I/O resources

Database Server

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

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Exadata I/O Resource Management

Multi-Database OLTP Environment
Ensure different databases are allocated the correct relative amount of I/O bandwidth
Database A: 33% I/O of resources Database B: 67% I/O of resources
Database A (Single-Instance) Database B (RAC)

Ensure different users and tasks within a database are allocated the correct relative amount of I/O bandwidth
Database A: Reporting: 60% of I/O resources ETL: 40% of I/O resources Database B: Interactive: 30% of I/O resources Batch: 70% of I/O resources

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

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Exadata Scale-Out Storage Grid

Dynamic virtualized storage resources using Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Simple and non-intrusive resource allocation, and reallocation, enabling true enterprise grid storage Database work spread across storage resources for optimal performance

Single-Instance Database

RAC Database

InfiniBand Switch/Network

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Powerful storage allocation options and management

Flexible configuration for performance and availability

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Exadata Storage Layout

Physical disks map to a Cell Disks Cell Disks partitioned into one or multiple Grid Disks ASM diskgroups created from Grid Disks Transparent above the ASM layer

Grid Disk 1 Physical Disk Cell Disk

Sys Area

ASM disk

Grid Disk n
Sys Area

ASM disk

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Exadata Storage Layout Example

Cell Disks

Cell Disk

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Cell Disk is the entity that represents a physical disk residing within a Exadata Storage Cell
Automatically discovered and activated

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Exadata Storage Layout Example

Grid Disks

Grid Disk

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Cell Disks are logically partitioned into Grid Disks

Grid Disk is the entity allocated to ASM as an ASM disk Minimum of one Grid Disk per Cell Disk Can be used to allocate hot, warm and cold regions of a Cell Disk or to separate databases sharing Exadata Cells

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Exadata Storage Layout Example

ASM Disk Groups and Mirroring

Hot ASM Disk Group

Hot Cold

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

Cold ASM Disk Group

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

Two ASM disk groups defined

One for the active, or hot portion, of the database and a second for the cold or inactive portion

ASM striping evenly distributes I/O across the disk group ASM mirroring is used protect against disk failures
Optional for one or both disk groups
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Exadata Storage Layout Example

ASM Mirroring and Failure Groups

ASM Failure Group

Hot Cold

Exadata Cell

Exadata Cell

ASM Failure Group

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

Hot Cold

ASM Disk Group

ASM mirroring is used protect against disk failures ASM failure groups are used to protect against cell failures

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Exadata Storage Management & Administration Enterprise Manager

Manage & administer Database and ASM

Exadata Storage Plug-in

Enterprise Manager Grid Control Plug-in to monitor & manage Exadata Storage Cells

Comprehensive CLI
Local Exadata Storage cell management Distributed shell utility to execute CLI across multiple cells

Lights-out 100
Remote management and administration of hardware

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Data Protection Solutions

All single points of failure eliminated by the Exadata Storage architecture Hardware Assisted Resilient Data (HARD) built in to Exadata Storage
Prevent data corruption before it happens Automatically maintained second copy of database Snapshot-like capabilities to rewind database to before error Archiving and corruption protection Can be used with Oracle Secure Backup (OSB) or third party tape backup software Users and database administrator use familiar tools

Data Guard provides disaster protection and data corruption protection Flashback provides human error protection Recovery Manager (RMAN) provide backup to disk

These work just as they do for traditional non-Exadata storage

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Exadata Co-Existence and Migration

Databases can be concurrently deployed on Exadata and traditional storage
Tablespaces can exist on Exadata storage, traditional storage, or a combination of the two, and is transparent to database applications SQL offload processing requires all pieces of a tablespace reside on Exadata

Database Server

Exadata

Non-Exadata

Online migration if currently using ASM and ASM redundancy Migration can be done using RMAN or Data Guard

Online Migration

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Telco Exadata Speedup 10X to 72X

28x
Average
Speedup

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Retailer Exadata Speedup 3x to 50x

Merchandising Level 1 Detail: Period Ago Merchandising Level 1 Detail: Current - 52 weeks Supply Chain Vendor - Year - Item Movement Merchandising Level 1 Detail by Week Materialized Views Rebuild Date to Date Movement Comparison - 53 weeks Prompt04 Clone for ACL audit

Sales and Customer Counts

16x
Average
Speedup

Gift Card Activations

Recall Query 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

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Exadata Benefits
Extreme Performance

10X to 100X speedup for data warehousing

Database Aware Storage
Smart Scans

Massively Parallel Architecture

Dynamically Scalable to hundreds of cells Linear Scaling of Data Bandwidth Transaction/Job level Quality of Service

Mission Critical Availability and Protection

Disaster recovery, backup, point-in-time recovery, data validation, encryption

2008 Oracle Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

38

Resources
Oracle.com:
http://www.oracle.com/exadata

Oracle Exadata Technology Portal on OTN:

http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exadata

Oracle Exadata white papers:

http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exadata/pdf/exad ata-technical-whitepaper.pdf http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/bi/db/exadata/pdf/migr ation-to-exadata-whitepaper.pdf

2008 Oracle Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

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 2008 Oracle Corporation Proprietary and Confidential

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