1. Identify different methods in teaching.

Make a tabulation with columns citing the

following:
A. The name of method/strategy
B. Where and when it is used
C. Its advantages and disadvantages

The name of When it is Where it is Its Its

method/strateg used? used? advantages disadvantages
y

Lecture -When the -It is used -Saves time -It commonly

information is during large yet ensures an makes the
confusing for groups in a effective students a
the students, short period of impartation of passive listener
therefore time knowledge since it is a
variety of among the teacher-
examples and audience. centered
explanation method.
made by the -Trains the
teacher is a students to -The attention
necessity. concentrate in span of the
listening to the students is
-When an speaker. reduced as well
Inclusion of as their focus is
personal -good in hard to maintain
experience by honing throughout the
the teacher is a cognitive skills lesson.
necessity for through setting
better objectives and -The skills of the
understanding applying what teacher in
of the topic. information lecturing
they
-When the perceived. -Students’ level
background of
information is -Introduction of preparedness,
unavailable or new topic can which includes
hard for the be at ease. their background
students to knowledge and
explore. -Connecting involvement.
prior and new
knowledge is -Student
-When the topic practiced. interaction is
is better limited.
understood
 through verbal -There is a
or oral limited
presentation. presentation of
notion
-When there is
a need to -Individual
amend the pace concerns of
of the lesson. students are not
given emphasis.
-When giving a
general view of
a broad topic.

-When the
information is
needed to
disseminate in
a shorter
period.

Demonstration/ -When the -This is used -It aids for a -This method
Performance students are for the mastery better can be costly
struggling to of mental skills realization of since it requires
apply the and training the subject use of materials
knowledge into psychomotor matter. for
actual practice. skills through demonstration
putting -Students are and practice.
-When the acquired actively
subject requires knowledge into participating -It needs to
hands-on and practice. throughout the consume more
mental skills to demonstration time as the
produce an -It can be period. processes are
output. applied in thoroughly
training -The skills one explained and
-When the activities, may gain shown step-by-
students are experiments in through this step procedures.
having science method will be
difficulties in related permanently -It requires
understanding subjects, etc. learned and skilled and
the applications apply to actual knowledgeable
of the topic. situations. teachers to
spearhead the
-Students are demonstration,
excited to yet most schools
explore and lack instructors
discover who possess the
learning. necessary skills.

-It strengthens -There are also

interest of the insufficient
 students to the materials and
lesson. equipments for
some schools to
-It offers successfully
learning to the execute this
great extent. method.

-It requires
enormous effort,
time and
attention.

Discussion -When the -It is best -It trains the -Time

teacher is applied to students to consuming
honing the large group think critically which results to
students’ critical situations and answer unfinished
thinking skills. where there questions that discussions or
will be more will hone their continuation of
-When point of views critical thinking the topic in
identifying the to discuss skills. another class
students point with. period.
of view and -This requires
skills. -It can also be the active -Possibility of
used in one- participation of going off track
-When on-one everyone as it with the main
enhancing learning involves lesson
students situation. Discussion
understanding between the -Only few
and learning teacher and students are
through active the students highlighted,
participation. through most opinions
sharing of by individuals
insights are left
regarding the unspoken or
lesson. unheard.

-Made way for -This mostly

self-expression benefits the
in a well- students who
mannered are more active
behaviour. while some
dormant
-Learning is individuals
more choose to
interesting. participate less.

Case Study -When teachers -It can be -Student -Time

wanted to know applied in engagement is consuming as it
how the individual or observed. needs to
students will group of critically analyze
analyze and students to -It develops a certain case
 make decisions observe and their skills in and follow data
on a certain analyze a decision gathering
situation. certain case making, procedures to
and for them problem support your
-When training to make solving, conclusions.
the students to conclusions analysis, and
be a great and solutions. coping with
problem ambiguities.
solvers. -This type of
method is -Students
commonly learn to create
used in the a framework
fields of for making
medicine, decisions.
engineering,
chemistry, law,
business,
education, and
journalism.

Pairs or Small -When helping -It is best used -Working in -Division of work
Group Works other students in rooms with pairs provides is mostly not fair
on a one-on- movable more since some
one basis chairs or opportunity for students are not
through pairing. desks enable both contributing to
to create small individuals to the activity.
-When groups from discuss their
monitoring the the whole insights. -Commonly the
students class, yet it leader makes
progress better can also be -Students the most work
and the aim to practiced in become more among the
provided more rooms with motivated members.
opportunity for fixed furniture. when
students in competing with -This can be
activity their partner. noisy and
engagement. chaotic since
-They learn managing
from each groups can be
other that challenging.
enhance their
vocabulary. -The students
may lose
-Saves time as direction as
it allows the there will be lots
students in of distractions.
different
groups to do
the activity at
the same time,
they can also
brainstorm
 ideas and
concepts.

-It requires
less guidance
from the
teacher as the
students in a
group may
share their
ideas and
combine it to
understand the
activity/lesson.

2. Identify different instructional technologies/materials used in teaching and discuss each

in terms of its importance, where does it apply, its advantages and disadvantages.

THE FORMULA FOR LEARNING

Imparting knowledge and skills is a process through which can be comparable to the process
of communication. It is in a step-by-step manner wherein teachers will serve as the sender of
information and students as the main receiver. Though, there can also be hindrances to the
effective transfer of knowledge such as the students' interest, teacher's technique, and the
learning environment. Thus, to swimmingly instill learning the use of instructional materials that
will serve as the medium for transferring information is a necessity. Due to the disparity among
students on how they best understand the topic, the use of supplementary materials applicable
to the general audience will aid for better comprehension. This will also ensure that the learning
period is more interesting, effective, and the set objectives are attained. Hence, the expected
feedback of the students should be parallel to the subject matter so that the effectiveness of the
materials used can be declared as justifiable.

The fact that students learn through their senses the wise choice of resources can greatly
contribute to establishing interest, participation, and interaction. To satisfy the needs of
individuals there are classifications of teaching aids to choose from that will enhance the
learning experience. It can be in a form of printed media such as textbooks, manuals, and
handouts; using audio like microphones, podcasts, and cassettes; through visual devices like
charts, photographs, and real objects; it can also be in audio-visual through television,
multimedia, films, and videos; and electronic interactive devices such as computers and other
gadgets. Additionally, the use of a material device such as chalkboard, whiteboard, marker,
chalk, papers, pencil, etc. are the basic materials applicable for general use.
 Before the modern way of facilitating instruction the commonly used materials in learning are
in printed textbooks provided by the institution. It can be accessed through the school library or
by buying a book of your own for additional resources. The good thing about using prints is that
it ensures the credibility of information as it is verified by the educational institution. It is
important in making the students focus on the lesson as it contains less or almost no distraction
unlike the use of computers and mobile phones. Though, it is the old way or the traditional
material as a major reference in teaching it is still applicable during 21 st-century learning. Aside
from ensuring the focus of students its advantage also extends in usability despite any location.
It is also portable, not costly, and can be reproduced in legal ways. Most learners are also more
comfortable when using printed materials in studying. On the other hand, printed books lack an
expression of speech, the right pronunciation, tone, and diction making it challenging to deliver
unfamiliar words.

Another way of information dissemination is through the use of audio that satisfies the sense
of hearing. Sometimes students are best learned through listening instructions. It involves the
use of microphones to maximize the scope of oral presentation. In modern technology, the use
of podcasts is also evident especially during this time of pandemic as an effective channel to
impart knowledge in distance learning. It is advantageous in the sense that teachers will no
longer need to go beyond the limit of their voice capacity. They can speak in their natural voice
ensuring that the whole class can hear the lesson. It makes way for catching student attention,
active participation, and better class management since students in every corner of the
classroom can hear the teacher. However, it is prone to technical problems such as grounded
wirings that affect the sound quality. It also lacks visual aids making students prone to losing
interest and hard to focus.

In connection to the above-mentioned media for teaching the disadvantages of the two can
help to improve each other. This is through an audio-visual device which is a combined visual
and audio media that will better supplement the facilitation and learning of the students. The use
of this media is in demand today amid the online learning classes, though it is widely used in the
pre-pandemic period its significance today is much highlighted. Through this, the learning
process is made more interesting and knowledgeable. It retains information better through
hearing and seeing information projected on the screen while there is a voice recording that
explains the topic. This is more effective than audio or visual alone as more senses are involved
the better comprehension there will be. Though, there are numerous promising results for
student learning this type of material needs more time and effort to produce. It is also costly due
to the need for audiovisual types of equipment which commonly schools are in short of budget.
There are also more distractions on the presentation as students will focus on the designs used
and can draw away the attention to the main topic. The space in the room, convenience in using
and transporting equipment, and technical back-ups should also be considered since there can
be technical issues to happen.

To widen the scope of the learning environment and extend effective teaching amid
circumstances, the use of the electronic interactive device is evident. Noticeably, it is widely
used today as universities and schools conduct online learning activities. This is used as the
major educational platform to sustain learning outside the school premises. It is advantageous
in the sense that it is cost-effective since students and teachers are not required to show up in
actual classrooms, thus allowance for transportation and meals are of no need. The learning is
also personalized meaning you can study at your own pace. It also retains information better
and learning is not limited as you can interact through educational websites. It is also friendly in
the environment since the use of papers is reduced therefore paper wastes are lessened.
Although most individuals are using electronic media nowadays, the reality that it only favors
students and teachers with enough budgets to provide gadgets and internet services is
manifesting. Commonly it is inaccessible to most individuals due to financial shortage and signal
interruptions. It also lacks physical interaction and maintaining focus on the lesson. Dishonesty
is also inevitable as sharing answers through computers and mobile phone is easier to execute.
Time management, motivation, and self-discipline are greatly challenged.

Lastly, the presence of materials such as chalkboards, whiteboards, erasers, markers, chalk,
etc. is the basic necessity to facilitate learning inside the classroom. These devices are used for
general purposes without specific subjects to present. Their use during face-to-face classes is
important but today during distance learning their significance is reduced. These materials alone
will not suffice the learning of the students, yet if wisely combined with the aforementioned
instructional devices meaningful learning can be attained.

Instructional technologies/materials used in teaching greatly contribute to the learning of the

students. The variety of these devices will suffice their learning needs by putting imagination
into an experience. Additionally, the unique way for every student to comprehend the topic is
through their senses. Thus, the use of different media in facilitating learning is an effective way
to establish participation and interaction inside the virtual/actual classroom. Moreover, the
teacher’s technique on how to impart knowledge and wise choice of materials is essential to
create an environment for learning. Therefore, as a student and future educator, this can be my
reference to produce quality education as the combination of these devices together with the
methodologies, strategic teaching, techniques, and the instructor itself is the best formula to
serve intelligence.