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( Reaffirmed 2001 )

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR DRY-TYPE POWER TRANSFORMERS
Transformers
Chairman SHRI C. R. VARIER Members SHRI S. V. MANERIKAR ( Alternate to Shri C. R. Varier ) Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals SHRI R. S. ARORA ( Inspection Wing ), New Delhi SHRI D. R. CHANDRAN ( Alternate ) Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation Ltd, SHRI P. K. BHATTACHARYA Calcutta SHRI B. C. GHOSII ( Alternate ) Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi DIRECTOR ( SUBSTATIONS ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( SUBSTATIONS ) ( Alternate ) Rural Blectrification Corporation Ltd, New SARI G. L. DUA Delhi SHRI S. C. KHURANA ( Alternate ) Madhya Pradesh Electricity Board, Jabalpur SHRI A. R. DWAILI(ANATH SHRI N. N. BHAI~~AVA ( Alternate ) UP State Electricity Board, Lucknow SHRI S. D. GUPTA S~nr SATISH KUMAR (Alternate ) Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore SHRI P. J. INoLB SENIOI~ DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( STDS ) (Alternate ) JOINT DIRECTOR TI ( SUBSTATION ) Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow STDS DIRECTOR DEPUTY ( ELEC )-C2 ( Alternate ) Bharat Bijlee Ltd, Bombay SHRI R. S. KHODE SERI R. G. PARDH~NANI ( Alternate) Tata Hydro-Electric Power Supply Company SHRI D. B. MEHTA Ltd, Bombay SRRI R. C~ANDRAMOULI (Alternate) General Electric Company of India Ltd, SHRI D. V. NAI~KE Allahabad SHRI B. A. SUBRAMANYAM ( Alternate ) ( Co&sued on page 2 ) 0 INDIAN Copyright 1985 INSTITUTION Crompton

Sectional

Committee,

ETDC

16

Representing Greaves Ltd, Bombay

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STANDARDS

This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permissionof the nublisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

18 : 11171- l!HH
( Continued from puga 1 ) Members SERI B. K. PATEL S~<RIC. D. PATEL ( Alternate) SHRI Y. K. PALVANEAR Representing Gujarat Electricity Board, Vadodara

Bombay Electric Supply and Transport Undertaking, Bombay SHRI J. L. RODRI~UES ( Altcrnafc ) Indian Electrical Manufacturers Association, DR G. M. P~ADKE Bombay SARI P. K. PHILIP ( Alternate ) Electrical Research and Development AssociaDR K. V. N. RAO tion, Bombay SHRI N. J. BUCH ( Alternate ) Pradip Lamp Works, Patna SHRI CBANDRA K. ROHATQI Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking, New Delhi SHRI P. S. SAWHNEY SHRI S. P. A~QARWAL ( Alternate ) Bombay Suburban Electric Supply Ltd, Bombay SHRI R. K. SEH~AL SHRI H. S. NATARAJAN ( Afternate ) NGEF Ltd, Bangalore SHRI K. G. SHAN~~UKHAPPA SHRI MOHAMBIED YOUWJF~ (Alternate ) Department SUPERINTENDINQ E N Q I N E E B Andhra Pradesh State Electricit ( Electricity Projects and Boar(r ), Hyderabad ( PROJECTS ) TECIXNICAL SUPERINTENDINQ ENGINEER ( GRID OPERATIONS) ( Altcrnats ) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, New Delhi SIIRI I. C. TAYAL SHRI R. S. SIIAH ( Alternate I ) SHRI D. P. GUPTA ( Alternate II ) Directorate General of Technical Development, DR VAIUL AHUED New Delhi SHRI S. K. PAIHAN ( Alternate ) Kirloskar Electric Company Ltd, Bangalore SHRI T. V. VIDYARATNA RAJ SHT~I1. RAN~ARAJAN ( Alternate ) Indian Transformer Manufacturers Association, SHRI VISH~AJIT M. ME~TA New Delhi Director General, IS1 ( Ex-omo Mambo ) SHRI S. P. SACHDEV, Director ( Elec tech )

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SHRI K. M. BHATIA Joint Director ( Elec tech ), IS1

IS:11173 -1985

Indkzn Standard
SPECIFICATION
DRY-TYPE 0.

FOR

POWER TRANSFORMERS FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 15 May 1985, after the draft finalized by the Transformers Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council. 0.2 Supply voltages have been increased in recent years to meet the IS : 2026* ( issued in four parts ) covers growing demand for electricity. every aspect of power transformers including high ratings to keep abreast of technological progress. Since dry-type power transformers are not made for such high voltages and ratings as oil-immersed transformers, a large portion of IS : 2026* serves no purpose to manufacturers and the users of dry-type transformers. Thus, for convenience sake, this separate and concise standard has been prepared to set out specific requirements for drytype power transformers. 0.3 This standard is to be read in conjunction with IS : 2026*, since a reference has been made to the technical data of that standard, where appropriate. 0.4 With the publication of this standard, the requirements of IS : 2026*, apply to dry-type transformers only in so far as they are referred to in this standard. 0.5 This standard is primarily based on IEC Publication 726 ( 1982 ) Drytype power transformers issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission. 0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-196Ot. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. *Specification for power transformers:
Part 1 General (jr& r&ion ). Part 2 Temperature-rise ( jirst ret&ion ). Part 3 Insulation levels and dielectric tests ( second revision ). Part 4 Terminal markings tappings and connections (first r&ion tRules for rounding off numerical valuer ( revised ).

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).

IS : r1171-

19ii5

SECTION 1. SCOPE

1 GENERAL

1.1 This standard applies to dry-type power transformers ( including autotransformers ) having values of highest voltage for equipment ( urrr ) up to and including 36 kV. 1.2 The following small and special dry-type by this standard : transformers 1 kVA are not covered and polyphase

Single-phase transformers

transformers rated at less than rated at less than 5 kVA,

b) Instrument transformers ( see IS : 2705* and IS Cl Transformers for static convertors, 4 Starting transformers, e) Testing transformers, f ) Traction transformers mounted on rolling stock, 8) Flameproof and mining transformers, h) Welding transformers ( see IS : 1851-19751 ), j) Voltage regulating transformers, and k) Small power transformers in which safety is a
tion.

: 31561_ ),

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special

considera-

2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions, to those given in IS : 1885 ( Part 38 )-1977s shall apply. 2.1 DryiTransformers - A transformer are not immersed in an insulating liquid. NOTE - The cooling of a dry-type or forced circulation. in addition

in which the core and windings

may be natural, natural/forced

transformer

*Specification for current transformers : Part 1 General requirements (first revision ). Part 2 Measuring current transformers ( jirst revision ). Part 3 Protective current transformers (jfirst revision ). Part 4 Protective current transformers for special purpose applications (first w&ion ) . tSpe.cification for voltage transformers : Part 1 General requirements (Jirsl revision ). Part 2 Measuring voltage transformers (jirst rruision ). Part 3 Protective voltage transformers ( jirst revision ). Part 4 Capacitor voltage transformers (Jirst revision ). fSpecification for single pperator type are welding transformers ( sccand revision ). $Electrotechnical vocabulary : Part 38 Transformers (first revision ).

IS:

Ill?1

-1985

2.1.1 Encapsulated- Winding Dry-Type Transformers - A dry-type transformer having one or more windings encapsulated with solid insulation. 2.1.2 Non-Encajsulated- Winding Dry- Tyje Transformer transformer having none of the windings encapsulated with tion. 2.2 Terms mer Relating to the Containment of a Dry-Type A dry-type solid insulaTransfer;

2.2.1 Sealed Dry-Tybe Transformer - An air or gas-immersed dry-type transformer within a sealed protective enclosure so constructed that there can be no interchange between its contents and the external atmosphere, that is, the transformer is non-breathing.
Thegas in a gas-immersed transformer NOTEthroughout the range of transformer operations. remains in a gaseous state

2.2.2 Totally Enclosed Dry-Type Transformer - An air immersed dry-type transformer within a protective enclosure so constructed that the ambient air does not circulate to cool the core and windings, but which can breathe to atmosphere. Enclosed Dry-Type Transformer - A dry-type enclosure so constructed that the ambient as to cool the core and windings directly. 2.2.3

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protective

transformer within a air may circulate so

Transformer - A dry-type transformer 2.2.4 Non-Enclosed Dry- Type without a protective enclosure in which the core and windings are cooled by ambient air. 3. SERVICE CONDITIONS require1 000 m.

3.1 Normal Service Conditions - This standard gives detailed ments for transformers for use under the following conditions :
a)

Altitude -

A height

above mean sea-level

not

exceeding

NOTE-

For greater altitudes, see 3.2.

b) Reference ambient temperature 1) Maximum 2) Maximum 3) Maximum 4) Minimum

NOTE See also 3.2.

ambient

air temperature ambient average air temperature ambient temperature

50C 40% 32C -5C of which the wave-

daily average yearly weighted ambient

air temperature

Cl

Wave-shape of supply uoltage - A supply voltage shape is approximately sinusoidal.

Symmetry of polyphase supPly voltages - For polyphase transformers, supply voltages which are approximately symmetrical. 5

IS : 111713.2 Provision
not covered

1985 for Unusual Service Conditions

3.2.1 The purchaser

shall specify in his enquiry any service conditions by the normal service conditions in 3.1 ( SCG Appendix A ).

3.2.2 Supplementary requirements, within defined limits, for the rating and testing of transformers designed for other than normal service conditions listed in 3.1, such as high temperature of cooling air or altitude above 1 000 m are given in 18.2, 10.3 and 11.2. 3.2.3 For temperature conditions outside the limits covered by the supplementary requirements and special operating conditions, for example the temperature rise is to be subject to restricted cooling air circulation, agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 4. TERMINAL

MARKINGS,

TAPPINGS

AND CONNECTIONS
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4.1 Relevant

provisions,of IS : 2026 ( Part 4 )-1977* shall be applicable, but where tappings are required the preferred. tapping range is + 5 percent in 2-5 percent steps, that is, +5, +2*5, -2.5 and -5 percent by means of off-circuit tap-changing links or tap switch. 5. ABILITY

TO WITHSTAND

SHORT-CIRCUIT
( Part 1 )-1977t apply to the

5.4 The

relevant provisions of IS : 2026 transformers covered by this standard.

6. INFORMATION

REQUIRED

WITH ENQUIRY

AND

ORDER
to supply

6.1 The

technical information that the purchaser with enquiry and order is given in Appendix B.

is required

SECTION 7. RATING

RATING

shall assign ratings to the transformer, 7.0 General - The manufacturer which shall be marked on the rating plate (see 8 ). These ratings shall be such that the transformer can deliver its rated current under steady loading conditions without exceeding the limits of temperature-rise specified in Section 3, assuming that the applied voltage is equal to the rated voltage and that the supply is at rated frequency. rated kVA assigned shall take into 7.1 Rated Power ( kVA ) -The account service conditions corresponding to those specified in 3 and shall be related to the product of rated voltage, rated current and the appropriate phase factor given in Table 1. *Specification for power transformers : Part 4 Terminal markings, tappings and connections (Jirst revision). $Specilication for power transformers : Part 1 General (first revision).

TABLE

PHASE

FACTORS

( Clause 7.1 )
NUMBEE OF PRASE~ PHASE FACTOR

1 3 NOTE - The type transformers some extent under in this standard or rated power corresponds to continuous duty; nevertheless, drycomplying with this standard can be occasionally overloaded to Guidance on overloads will be either added certain conditions. provided in a separate standard sometimes later.

7.2 Power

( kVA ) Ratings

1977* shall apply. 7.3 Rated Frequency tolerance of f 3 percent.

Provisions of 4.2 of IS : 2026 ( Part 1 )-

The standard frequency shall be 50 Hz with a

NOTE - Nevertheless, transformers made for other frequencies shall be considered to comply with this standard provided they do so in all other relevant respects.

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7.4 Operation at Other than Rated Voltage and Provisions of 4.3 of IS : 2026 ( Part 1 )-1977 shall apply. 8. RATING
8.1 Each PLATES

Frequency

transformer shall be provided with a rating plate of weatherproof material, fitted in a visible position, showing the items indicated below. The entries on the plate shall be indelibly marked ( for example, by etching, engraving or sta&pi,ng ) . of transformer ( see definitions given in 2 ); standard, Ref IS : 11171-1985; name; 4 Manufacturers serial number; e) Year of manufacture; f 1 Temperature class of insulation ( Insulation system temperature ) and maximum permissible temperature rise for all windings, or for each individual winding, if applicable ( see 10.1 ); g> Number of phases; h) Rated power ( kVA ) for each kind of cooling; 3 Rated frequency; k) Rated voltages, including tapping voltages, if any; ml Rated currents for each kind of cooling; 4 Connection symbol;

b) Number of this cl Manufacturers

Kind a>

*Specification

for power transformers

: Part 1 General (jirstrevision ). 7

IS 011171 - 1985
voltage at rated current P) Impedance 16.4 of IS : 2026 ( Part 1 )-1977*]; cl) Type of cooling; r) Type of filling pressure range s) Operating Maximum and minimum absolute t) pressures for which the enclosure is designed u) Pressure medium and temperature of filling at the time of sealing [determined according to

i 1

> applicable only to 1 sealed units

I 1
j

w) Total mass; and x) Insulation levels

NOTE - The rated withstand voltages for rating plate. The principles of the standard IS : 2026 ( Part 3 )-1981t. all windings shall appear on the notation are illustrated in 3 of

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8.2 Dry-type tion Mark.

power transformers

may also be marked

with

ISI

Certifica-

use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of NOTE -The the Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks) Act and the Rules and The IS1 Mark on products covered by an Indian Regulations made thereunder. Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply witb the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and and supervised by IS1 and operated by the quality control which is devised producer. IS1 marked products are also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions, under which a licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

SECTION 3 COOLING METHODS TEMPERATURE-RISE 9. IDENTIFICATION 9.1 Identification

ing to the cooling method with each cooling method

AND

ACCORDING

TO COOLING

METHOD

Symbols

- Transformers shall be identified actor demployed. Letter symbols for use in connection shall be as given in Table 2. : Part 1 General (Jirsl revision ). : Part 3 Insulation levels and dielectric
tests

*Specification for power transformers tSpecilication for power transformers ( second revision ).

Isrlll7l-r98!!
TABLE 2 LETTER SYhBOLS

( Cfausr 9.1 ) KIND OB COOLINGMEDIUM Air Gas KIND OB CIBOULAT~GN Natural Forced Symbol A G N F

9.2 Arrangement

of Symbols - Transformers without protective enclosures or within enclosures through which the cooling air can circulate are identified by two symbols only for the cooling medium ( air ) which is in contact with the windings or the surface coating of the windings. All other transformers shall be identified by four symbols for each cooling method for which a rating is assigned by the manufacturer.
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9.2.1 The order in which the symbols are used shall be as given in Table 3. Oblique strokes shall be used to separate the group of symbols for different cooling methods for the same piece of equipment.
TABLE 3 ORDER OF SYMBOLS

COOSINGMEDIUM IN CONTACTWITH THE WINDINQS 1st Letter Kindm;g;ding 2nd Letter Kind of circulation

COOLINGMEDIUM IN CONTACT WITH TEE EXTERNALCOOLINGSYSTEM 3rd Letter Kind of cooling medium 4th Letter Kind of circulation

9.2.2 For example, the cooling method of a transformer without a protectiveenclosure or within an enclosure through which the cooling air can circulate and with natural air cooling is designated by : AN 9.2.3 For a transformer within a protective enclosure through which the cooling air cannot circulate, with natural air cooling inside and outside the enclosure, the designation is : ANAN 9.2.4 For a transformer in a sealed enclosure with natural nitrogen cooling inside and alternatives of natural or forced air cooling outside the cnchure, the designation is : GNAN/ GNAF 10. TEMPERATURE-RISE LIMITS 10.1 Normal Temperature-Rise Limits - The temperature rises of the windings, core and metal parts of transformers designed for operation 9

Is tlll7l

- 1985

at altitudes not exceeding those given in 3.1 (a) and with external cooling air temperature as described in 3.1 (b) shall not exceed the limits specified in Table 4 when tested in accordance with 17.
NOTE - Insulating materials may be used separately or in a combination providing that, in any application, each system will not be continuously subjected to a temperature in excess of that for which it is suitable when operating under rated conditions. Furthermore, the electrical and mechanical properties of the insulated winding must not be impaired by the application of the hot-spot temperature permitted for the specrfic insulation system. TABLE SL No.
(1)

TEMPERATURE-RISE ( Cluu~cs 10.1 and 10.3 ) TEMPERATURE CLASS OP

INSOLATION*

LIMITS TEMPERATURERISE (4) YI 50 65 70 1:: 140 The temperature shall in no case reach a value that will damage the core itself, other parts. or adjacent materials

PART

(2)

(3) A E B I!I C

i)

measured by resistance method )

Windings

(Temperature-rise

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ii)

Core, metallic adjacent materials

parts

and

*In accordance with IS : 1271-1958 Classification of insulating material for electrical machinery and apparatus in relation t,o their thermal stability in service.

10.2 Reduced Temperature-Rises for Transformers Designed foti High Cooling Air Temperatures or Special Air Cooling Con&; tions - If the transformer is designed for service where the temperature of the cooling air exceeds one of the maximum values of 3.1 by. no more than lOC, .the allowable temperature-rises for the windings shall be reduced as follows :
a)

By 5C if the excess temperature is less than or equal to 5C; and

b) By 10C if the excess temperature is greater than 5C and less -,,than or equal.to 10C. -_ . Where the excess temperature exceeds one of the values specified in 3.1 by more than 1OC, the allowable temperature-rises require an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Any site conditions which may either impose restrictions on the cooling air or produce high ambient air temperatures should be stated by the ipurchaser. 10

IS : 11171 - 198!! 19.3~ Reduced Temperature-Rises for Transformers Designed for I&i& Altitudes - Unless otherwise agreed between the manufacturer and.the purchaser, for transformers designed for operation at an altitude greater than 1 000 m but tested at normal altitudes, the limits of temperaturerise given in Table 4 are reduced by the following amounts for each 500 m by which the intended working altitude exceeds I 000 m : a) Natural-air-cooled b) Forced-air-cooled transformers transformers 2-5 percent 5 percent

NOTE - If transformers which are designed for operation below 1 000 m are tested at altitudes above 1 000 m, the measured temperature rises are to be reduced by the above-mentioned amounts for each 500 m by which the test altitude exceed 1000 m.

SECTION
11. INSULATION LEVELS

INSULATION

LEVELS
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ilk General - When transformers are intended for general power distribution in public or industrial systems, the insulation levels shall be asgiven~in Table 5, List 1 or 2. The choice between Lists 1 and 2 should be made by considering the degree of exposure to lightning and switching overvoltages, the type of system neutral earthing and, where applicable, the type of overvoltage protective device. Guidance may be obtained from 13:.2165-1977*. However, for application in particular systems where the insulation requirements are lower than in general and where the transformers are not required to be tested with lightning impulse withstand voltages, the power f&quency testvoltage applied may be below the value specified in Table 5 subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. No I definite figures are recommended here. .*_ .,
TABLE 5 INSULATION LEVELS I&HEST VOLTAUE FOR RATED SHORT DURATION RATED LI~HTNINU IMPULSE POWER FREQUENCY EQUIPYENT Um WITHSTAND VOLTAGE WITHSTAND VOLTAQE kV ( peak ) *_-r---List 1 kV ( rms ) kV ( rms) List 2 <l-l 3 .,

_..

-Y----~-

_j,

36, 7.2 12 175 24 36 coordination

10
20 28 38 50 7il ( second revision ).

20 40 60 75 95 145

40 60 75 95 125 170

*Insulation

11

g t 11171-1985
11.2 Transformers for Use at High Altitudes - When the transbb mers are specified for operation at altitudes between 1 000 m and 3 000 m above mean sea-level, but tested at normal altitude, the rated short
duration power frequency withstand by 6.25 percent for each 500 m by which exceeds 1 000 m.
NOTE consideration The above does not apply to sealed should be given to bushings.

voltage shall be increased the altitude of the installation

dry-type transformers but rpecjal

SECTION 5 TESTS
12. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTS

12.1 Transformers shall be subjected to tests as specified in 13. 12.2 Tests shall be made at the manufacturers works, unless otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 12.3 Dielectric tests in accordance with 14, 15 and 16 shall be made with the transformer at approximately ambient temperature. 12.4 All external components and fittings that are likely to affect the performance of the transformer during each test shall be in place. 12.5 Tapped windings shall be connected on their principal tapping, unless otherwise given in relevant part of IS : 2026* or agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 12.6 The test basis for all characteristics other than insulation is the rated condition, unless the test clause states otherwise. 12.7 The reference temperature to which the load loss, impedance voltage and shorticircuit impedance are to be corrected shall be the maximum winding temperature-rise as given in Table 4 plus 30C. NOTE- When a trsnsformer has windings of different insulation system temt
peratures ( class of insulation ), only one reference temperature is, the one relating to the winding having the higher inrulation is to be used, that system temperature,

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13. CLASSIFICATION

OF TESTS

13.1 Type Tests - The following shall constitute the type tests : a> Measurement of winding resistance [ 16.2 of IS : 2026 ( Part 1 >1977* 1, b) Measurement of voltage ratio and check of voltage tionship [ 16.3 of IS : 2026 ( Part 1 )-1977* ] : *Specification for power transformers : Part 1 General ( jrst revision). Part 2 Temperature-rise ( Jirsi r&ion ). Part 3 Insulation levels and dielectric tests (s~ond revision ). Part 4 Terminal markings, tappings and connections (first rcvition 12 vector rela-

),

IS : 11171- 1983

4 4 4 f> d h)
a)

Measurement of impedance voltage ( principal tapping ), shortcircuit impedance and load loss [ 16.4 of IS : 2026 ( Part 1 )1977* 1; Measurement of ( Part 1 )-1977*]; Separate-source Induced Lightning Tests overvoltage no-load loss and current [ 16.5 of IS : 2026

voltage

withstand

test ( 14 );

withstand

test ( 15 );

impulse test ( 16 ); and test ( 17 ). The following of winding shall constitute routine tests : ( Part 1 )-

Temperature-rise

13.2 Routine

Measurement 1977* 1;

resistance [ 16.2 of IS : 2026

b) Measurement of voltage ratio relationship [ 16.3 of IS : 2026 ( c) Measurement of impedance of short-circuit impedence and load 197i] ; d) Measurement of no-load ( Part 1 )-1977* ] ; e) Separate-source f) Induced overvoltage loss

and check of voltage vector Part 1 )-1977* 1; voltage ( principal tapping ), loss [ 16.4 of IS : 2026 (Part I)-

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and. current [ 16.5 of IS : 2026 test ( 14 ); and

voltage withstand withstand

test ( 15 ). out by mutual

13.3 Special Tests - The following tests may be carried agreement between the purchaser and the supplier : a) Partial discharge b) Measurement c) Short-circuit measurement ( 18 ); of acoustic sound level ( 19 ); and test ( 20 ). VOLTAGE WITHSTAND

14. SEPARATE-SOURCE 14.1 The provisions

TEST

of 10 of IS : 2026 ( Part 3 ) - 1981 t are applicable.

14.2 The test voltage shall be in accordance with Table 5 for the specified insulation level of the transformer, if no other value has been agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser. The full test voltage shall be applied for 60 s between the winding under test and all the remaining windings, core, frame and transformer enclosure, connected to earth.
*Specification for power transformers +Specification for power transformers ( second revision ) .

: Part 1 General (Jirsi reuision ). : Part 3 Insulation level and dielectric

tests

13

IS : 11171 - 1985 15. INDUCED OVERVOLTAGE WITHSTAND

out in accordance

TEST
with

15.1 The test shall be carried of IS : 2026 ( Part 3 ) - 1981*.

11.1 and 11.2

to the rated any test the

15.2 The test voltage shall be twice the value corresponding voltage across an untapped winding of the transformer.

The duration of the test at full volage shall be 60 s for frequency up to and including twice the rated frequency. When the test frequency duration of the test shall be: 120 but not less than 15 s. exceeds twice the seconds rated

frequency,

x rated frequency test frequency

16. LIGHTNING IMPULSE TEST 16.1 The test shall be carried out in accordance
( Part 3 )-1981*.

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with

12 of IS : 2026 List 2 of

16.2 The test voltage shall be in accordance with List 1 or Table 5 for the specified insulation level of the transformer. The test impulse l-2 shall be a full standard & 20 percent lightning impulse: & 30 percent/50 micro-seconds

The test voltage shall normally be of negative polarity. The test sequence per line terminal shall be one calibration impulse at a voltage between 50 and 75 percent of the full voltage followed by three impulses at full voltage. By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser at the time of the enquiry, tests may be made with positive polarity, but in this case sudden changes of polarity have to be avoided. NOTE- In dry-type transformers, the lightning impulse test can give rise to capacitive partial discharges in the air which do not endanger the insulation. These partial discharges lead to changes in the current waveform, whilst the voltage waveform varies only slightly or not at all.

17. TEMPERATURE-RISE 17.1 Provisions of 4.2.1, IS : 2026 ( Part 2 )-I9777

TEST
4.1~2, 4.1.3, are applicable, 4.3, 4.9.1, in addition 4.92 and 4.9.3 to the following. of

any of 17.2 Methods of Loading - At the choice of the manufacturer, the following methods may be applied. *Specification for power transformers : Part 3 Insulation level and dielectric tests ( second revision ) .
tSpecilication for power transformer3

: Part 2 Temperature-rise
14

(Jirst rctisioh ).

IS:11171-

1985

17.2.1 Direct Loading Method* - One winding, preferably the inner winding, of the transformer is excited at rated volatge with the other connected to a suitable load such that rated currents flow in both windings.
17.2.2 Back-to-Back Method* - This when there are two similar transformers is the preferred available. method, applicable

Two transformers, one of which is the transformer under test, are connected in parallel, and preferably the inner windings are excited at the rated voltage of the transformer under test. By means of different voltage ratios or an injected voltage, the rated current is made to flow in the transformer under test.
NOTE - In view of the fact that the transtormers will be operated at two different taps the winding temperature-rise of two transformer may be slightly different. While interpreting the results, appropriate corrections to the temperature-rise should be made in accordance with 17.3.

17.2.3 Simulated Load Method ( By Agreement Between /he Munufacturer and Purchaser ) - This method is used for an enclosed or non-enclosed drytype unit with natural air cooling, when only the transformer under test is available, or when there is a similar transformer available but there are limitations on the test equipment. Temperature tests are made by utilizing the rises obtained tests, one with no-load loss only, and one with load losses only, short-circuit run. on two that is,

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The no-load test at rated voltage is continued until stead-state conditions are obtained; individual winding temperature rises, AtI, are then measured. The short-circuit run with rated current flowing in one winding and the other winding short-circuited is started immediately following the noload run, and continued until steady-state conditions are obtained when the individual winding temperature rises, A BO, are measured. The total winding rise, no,, of each winding, of the core, the winding and normal excitation following formula: with rated current in is calculated by the

Afo
necessary.
NOTE -

A&[ 1 + ( $$-) lea] 0e8

modifications to the formula may be

For other types of transformer,

*The duration of the test may be reduced by exciting the core for a period of time ( preferably not less than 12 h ) prior to the application of test current to the windings.

15

iS : 11171- 1985
17.3 Winding Temperature-Rise Correction for Reduced Current - When the input test current It is below the rated value of current rises, A& of the I,, but not less than 90 percent IN, of the temperature windings, shall be measured by the resistance method when steady-state conditions have been reached, and corrected to rated load conditions, aeN, by the formula:

A& = A4
The value of q shall be taken AN transformers AF transformers as:

[$I

: l-6, and : 1.8.

17.4 Determination of Constant Temperature Conditions - .The ultimate temperature-rise is reached when the temperature rise becomes constant; this is considered to have been achieved when the temperaturerise does not vary by more than 2 percent uf the permissible temperaturerise per hour or 2C per hour, whichever is the smaller. For the purpose of determining when constant temperature conditions have been achieved, thermocouples, thermistors, RTDs or thermometers shall be applied to the following surfaces: a) Enclosed and non-enclosed units - Centre of top yoke and as close as practicable to the innermost low-voltage winding conductors at the top of the winding, the measurement being on the centre leg of a three-phase unit. b) Baled and totally enclosed units centre of one side of enclosure 18. PARTIAL DISCHARGE Centre surface. of top cover surface and

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MEASUREMENT

18.1 General - The partial discharge measurement is performed in accordance with IS : 6209-1982* and with Appendix A of IS : 2026 ( Part 3 )-19815_. It may be performed on all kinds of dry-type transformers, but is especially applicable to transformers having encapsulated windings. 18.2 Basic Measuring Circuit ( Typical Only ) - A basic circuit for the partial discharge test is shown in Fig. 1 and 2. measuring

*Methods for partial discharge measurements tSpecification for power transformers: Part ( secotui revision). ( first revision ). 3 Insulation levels and dielectric tests

16

IS : 11171 - 1985

WINDING
FIG.

WINDING

BASIC MEASURING CIRCUIT FOR THE PARTIAL DISCHARGE TEST FOR A SINGLE-PHASETRANSFORMER

3
LOW-VOLTAGE WINDING

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HIGH-VOLTAGE WINDING, DELTA OR STAR CDNNFCTED

FIG. 2

BASIC MEASURING CIRCUIT FOR THE PARTIAL DISCHARGE TEST FOR A THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER

capacitor, C ( having a In the figures, a partial discharge-free capacitance value large in comparison with the calibration generator capacitance, C, ) in series with a detection impedance, xm, is connected to each of the high-voltage terminals. 18.3 Calibration of Measuring Circuit - Attenuation of the discharge pulses occurs both within the windings and in the measuring circuit. Calibration is carried out as described in Appendix A of IS: 2026 ( Part 3 )-1981*, by injecting simulated discharge pulses from a standard discharge calibrator at the transformer terminals. The repetition rate of calibration pulses should be of the order of twice the frequency of the excitation voltage. *Specification for power transformer: Part 3 Insulation levels ( second revision ).
and dielectric

test

I@-rlll7d

1985

18.4 Voltage

Application - The partial discharge measurement shall be carried out after all dielectric tests are completed. The low-voltage winding shall be supplied from a three-phase or single-phase source, depending on whether the transformer itself is three-phase or single-phase. The voltage shall be as nearly as possible & sinewave form and of a frequency suitably increased above the rated fr@queircy to avoid excessive excitation current during the test. The procedure shall be as given in 18.4.1 or 18.4.2.
NOTEWhen the operating voltage of a transformer is wall below the voltage stated for the highest voltage for equipment, lower values for the pre-stress voltage and the measuring voltage may be selected by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

18.4.1

Three-Phase

Transformers

a) Windings intended for connection to systems which are solidly earthed or earthed through a low impedance: 1.5 ir, shall be induI 1/ 3 ted for 30 s ( LJ,,, being the highest v&age for the equip ment ), followed without interruption by a line-to-earth A line-to-earth pre-stress voltage of voltage ofK>$ for 3 min, during which the partial
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discharge shall be measured.

b)

Windings intended for connection to systems which are isolated or earthed through a considerable impedance (for example, an arc-suppression coil ) : A phase-to-phase pre-stress voltage of 1.5 U, shall be induced for 30 s, with one line terminal earthed, followed without interruption by a phase-to-phase voltage of 1.1 U,,, for 3 min, during which the partial discharge shall be measured. This test shall be repeated with another line terminal earthed.

18.4.2 Single-Phase Transformers - Single-phase transformers for use on three-phase systems shall be tested as for three-phase transfomers, bearing in mind that the highest voltage for equipment, U,, is a phase-to-phase voltage. Furthermore, in the case of a single-phase phase-to-neutral and tested according to 18.4.1(b), another line terminal earthed does not apply. transformer connected repeating the test with

18.5 Partial Discharge Acceptance Levels - The acceptance level for the partial discharge measured as above shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

18

IS :11171-1965 In cases of dispute, investigational procedures Appendix A of IS : 2026 ( Part 3 )-1981* shall be applied. as detailed in

19. MEASUREMENT

OF ACOUSTIC

SOUND LEVEL to

19.1 The method of test and criteria for conformity shall be as agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 20. SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

20.1 This test shall be as specified in IS : 2026 ( Part 1 )-1977t.

not applicable

NOTE-

References to gas relays and tanks in IS : 2026 (Part

to dry-type transformers.

1 ) - 1977t are

21. TOLERANCES 21.1 Tolerances 1977t. shall be as specified in Table 7 of IS : 2026 ( Part 1 ) Reliance Energy Ltd, Santacruz, Mumbai Viewed on 21-05-2007 Time 10:09:28

SECTION 22. DEGREE OF PROTECTION

ENCLOSURES
BY ENCLOSURES and

22.1 The design of an enclosure is dependent upon the location environmental conditions in which the transformer is installed.

NOTE- A separate standard on classification of degree of protection provided In the meantime, reference may be made to by enclosures is under preparation. IS : 2147-1962$.

APPENDIX ( Clause 3.2.1 )

UNUSUAL SERVICE

CONDITIONS

A-l. In addition to high or low ambient temperature and high altitude, other environment conditions which may affect design and application can exist and are not necessarily covered by this standard.
*Specification for power transformers: Part 3 Insulation levels and dielectric tests ( second revision ). tspecification for power transformers: Part 1 General (,&St rsision. ) #Degree of protection provided by enclosures for low voltage switchgear and controlgear.

19

t$ : 11171 - 1985
Examples of such conditions are damaging. fumes and excessive and abrasive dust, steam, salt spray, excessive moisture, water. vapours, dripping

NOTE - The seriousness of the effects of the conditions listed above varies widely depending upon which design of dry-type transformer is involved. While such conditions may have little or no effect on a sealed, dry-type transformer, they may have serious effects on other kinds of dry-type txansfbrmer.

A-2. Enclosed or non-enclosed non-encapsulated-winding dry-type transformers are normally designed for installation indoors in dry locations. They will, however, operate successfully where the humidity is high, provil ded precautions are taken to keep.them dry if they are shut down for long periods.

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APPENDIX ( Clause 6.1 )

INFORMATION B-l. B-l.1 RATING Normal REQUIRED

WITH ENQUIRY DATA

AND ORDER

AND GENERAL The following

information

should be given in all cases: with; given in 2 );

4 b) 4 4 e) f) g) h) 3 k) 4

Particulars Kind

of the specifications units;

to be complied

of transformer

( see definitions

Single or polyphase Number Frequency; Information

of phases in system; as to whether an enclosure is required or not.

If it is, the degree of protection of the enclosure ( see 22 ). Information on the gas, if required, to fill the enclosure; Method Indoor Rated Rated of cooling; or outdoor voltage installation; ); if SO, whether offpower ( in LVA); ( for each winding

State whether tappings are required, and circuit tap-changers or links are required;

20

Highest voltage for equipment,

U,

( for each winding );

P) Insulation level, that is, values of test voltage at power frequency and, if required, lightning impulse ,for which each winding is to be designed [see IS: 2026 ( Part 3 )-1981* 1. q) Connection symbol; r) Impedance voltage at rated current, if specific value is required; s) Neutral terminals, if required ( for each winding ); t) Method of system earthing ( for each winding ); u) Any peculiarities of installation, for example space limitations, difficulty of maintenance, storage conditions; v) Any other appropriate information, for example site conditions, duty for which the transformer is required, system overvoltages; and w) Details of fittings required and an indication of the side from which meters, rating plates, etc, should be readable. B-l.2 Special to be given: The following additional information may be required

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Whether a lightning impulse test is required; sea level if in excess of 1 000 m ( see 10.3 and

b) Altitude above 11.2 );

c) Temperature of cooling air if above or below values given in 3.1 ( b ) ( see 10.2 also ); d) Whether the transformer is to be directly connected apparatus which may affect short-circuit conditions; e) Whether thereof; unbalanced loading is anticipated to other

and if so, details

f)

Details of intended regular cyclic overloading; of a transformer

g) Connections required ex-works in the case having alternative winding connections; and

h) Which snecial tests ( see Section 5 ) are reouired. these tests the relevant acceptance conditions etc ).
*Specification (second revision ). for power transformers: Part 3 Insulation levels

and for each of ( levels, lim;ts,

and

dielectric tests

21

B-2. PARALLEL

OPERATION

B-2.1 If parallel operation with existing transformers is required, this should be stated and the following information given concerning the existing trnsformers:

a) Rated power ( kVA );

.I

b) Rated voltage Cl Voltage ratios

tapping;

ratio; corresponding to tappings other than the principal tapping, corrected to

4 .,t . e)
.fi

L,oad loss at rated current on the principal the appropriate,reference temperature;

Impedance voltage at rated current ( on the principal tapping ); Short-circuit impedances, at least on the extreme tappings, if the tapping. range of the tapped winding exceeds f 5 percent; and Diagram of connections, or connection symbol, or both.
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g)