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English
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40 viewsKey-Word Transformations - Part 4
English
Uploaded by
Pingu agoCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 4
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH - Part 4 Key word transformations
ead
In Reading and Use of English Part 4, you read six pairs
of sentences. The sentences in each pair have a similar
meaning, but they are expressed in different ways.
‘There isa gap in the second sentence which you have to
filli, using between two and five words. Contractions
count as two words.
You are given one of the words (called the key word) which
{you must use, and you can't change this word in any way.
Practice task
This part tests your knowledge of both grammar and
vocabulary by testing your ability to express the same
ideas using different grammatical forms and different
words.
You need to show that you can express a sentence in a
different way, without changing its meaning.
The answer for each sentence is divided into two parts,
and there is one mark for each correct part.
© rose he foc fle about fle science baltsnthe past Then rnd sentences 1-3
Compleethe second sentence so that ths smlar meaning tote frst sentence
txingthe word glen Dot chongethe word given. You mustuse between to
and five words, including the word given.
Here is an example:
0 Inthe past, there were some scientific theories that people don't
LONGER
People NO LONGER BELIEVE IN_ some scientific theories from the
believe in now.
past
Crazy science beliefs from the past
Inthe Middle Ages, people
believed itwas possible
‘to make gold from other
metals.
Inthe nineteenth century,
people believed you could tell
someone's personality from
the bumps on their head. This
‘was called phrenology.
1 People no longer try to make gold from other metals
GIVEN
People to make gold from other me
2. People stopped using phrenolagy in the nineteenth century.
UseD
People have the nineteenth century.
3 Inthe past, people thought the Earth was slowly getting bigger.
BELIEVED
Inthe past, the Earth slowly getting
bigger
Inthe past, people
‘thought the Earth was
stowily growing in size.
How did you do?
© check your answers.
© ook atthe tree anawers gain
11 Inwhich answer do you need to change an
active verb to a passive one?
2. Inwhich answer do you need to use a
phrasal verb?
3. Inwhich answer do you need to use the
present perfect with since? Strategies and skills
Past tenses
{tis important to understand the meaning of all the main
verb tenses, including continuous forms, would and used
to. Make sure you know how to use for and since with the
present perfect, too.
@ Look at the pairs of sentences. Decide if they have a
similar meaning (S) or diferent meanings (D).
Reported speech
You may need to rewrite direct speech as reported speech, Make
sure you know the patterns with different reporting verbs, and
how to report questions.
° e Complete the reported speech sentences.
"Sam, | think you should check your computer for viruses’
said Rami
Rami advised
2 ‘Don'tsit on that chair! It’s wet!’ Jodie said to me
his computer for viruses.
1A. When | was t college, | played tennis alot
B used t0 ply a lt of tennis t college Jodie worned ‘on that chair because it
2 A Patishas been my home since 2012. ae
B Ihave been lving in Pris since 2012 3 "Youstole the money! Elle said to Marta
3A. Wefirst became fiends ton years ago. Elie accused the money,
B We had frst become fiends ten years ener 4. "Would you lke to come tothe cinema wth me?” Amber
4A. | was always told by my father to do my best at asked me,
school Amber invited to the cinema with her.
8 My father would always tell me to do my best 5 'Whatare you doing at the weekend” Josh asked me.
peste! Josh asked me the weekend.
Kabecn ane years cs es cow Gaon. Se
6 A Joan prepared a meal for us when we got home. bore Los
B Joan was cooking a meal for us when we got home.
@ Comparative forms
e ‘Complete the second sentence so that ithes @ You may have to use comparatives, superlatives and phrases which
similar meaning to the first.
1 fist came to live here five years ago.
uvING
I five years.
2. Wevisited our grandparents every weekend.
WouLD
We weekend.
3. Ididn't enjoy music lessons asa child,
Use
1 music lessons as 2 child
4. This was the first time | had ever met Charles.
NEVER
1 before,
5 Mynephew no longer ties to do well a school
STOPPED
My nephew to do well at school
6 I's been five months since I last took an exam.
TAKEN
1 for five months.
‘express comparisons. Make sure you know how to use so and such
conrectiy
° © choose the correct words or phrases to complete the second,
sentence so thatit has a similar meaning to the frst.
1. expected the film to be longer than it was
‘The film was longer than / wasn't as long as | expected.
2. Marlon can't un as ast as his brather
Marion's brother isa faster runner than / not such a fast
runner as Marion.
3 The second flm was less successful than the fist
‘The first film wasn't as successful as / was more suecessful
than the second.
| didn't realise their house was so big.
| didn't realise they lived in a much bigger / such a
5 Which exhibition did you enjoy the most?
Which was such an interesting / the most interesting
exhibition?
6 This hotel is far more expensive than the last one.
The last hotel was much cheaper than /just as expensive as.
this one.
house. Passive forms
The second sentence often uses the passive form of a verb. Make
sure you know the passive forms for all verb tenses, and how to use
have/get something done. Learn how to use impersonal structures.
like He is thought to be ... ,Itis believed to have been
TIP: Remember, we use by + agent to say who does the action
of a passive verb.
© Complete each second sentence with the correct passive form
ofthe verb.
They are opening a new supermarket here.
BEING
‘Anew supermarket
‘A woman at the gate gave me a ticket
GIVEN
'
Someone had decided that the museum would have to close.
BEEN
Ie
1
here.
‘2 woman at the gate.
the museum would have to close.
4 Weill inform you when your order has been sent.
BE
You when your order has been sent.
'5 People think the show will start at eight otlock.
EXPECTED
The show at eight o'clock.
& his said that eating fish is good for your brain.
‘SUPPOSED
Eating fish ‘good for your brai
7. People believe the play was written in 1578.
HAVE
The playis vaitten in 1578.
8 Mycomputer needs repairing again.
GET
Ineed to again.
Conditionals and wish
Some sentences may use first, second or third
conditionals. Make sure you are confident with all the
conditional forms, and learn how to use alternatives to
if, such as unless, in case and as long a
© Which second sentence matches the meaning of
the first sontence? Write A,B or ‘both.
She will only come to the party if she can geta taxi
home.
A. She has refused to come tothe pany unless she
can get a taxi home
B She has agreed to come to the party as long as
she can get ataxi home
1
You can use my computer, but you mustn't
download any films.
‘A You can't use my computer in case you
download any films.
B You can use my computer as long as you don't
download any films.
Lily arrived late because her train was delayed.
‘A. If Lily train had been late, she wouldn't have
arrived on time.
Bf Lilys train had been on time, she wouldn't
have arrived late
twas snowing, so we didn't go shopping
‘A We would have gone shopping ifit hadn't been
for the snow.
B fithadn't been snowing, we would have gone
shopping,
Petra regretted spending so much money.
A. Petra wished she hadn't spent so much money.
B_ Petre didn't think she would have spent so
much money.
Ws shame that is raining today.
‘A. Iish it wouldn't rain 50 much!
BI wish it wasn't raining! Grammar and vocabulary changes
You often have to make grammatical changes to the second
sentence and also use a word or phrase with a similar
‘meaning. Think about the grammar patterns of the word in
capitals, and think about other changes you need to make so
the meaning stays the same.
@ correct one or two mistakes in each completed second
sentence.
1 htisn't necessary to take 2 coat.
POINT
There is __no point totake _a coat.
Paula arrived late because her flight was delayed,
TIME
IF Paula's flight.
have arrived late.
was in time she wouldn't
The exam was too difficult for me to do.
so
‘The exam was S000 difficult that Icould_not do it
4 Nabil started leaming French two years ago.
FoR
Nabil _was learning French for wo years
5 The journey wasn'tas boning 35 | expected
MORE
The journey was more intoresting as__| expected.
6 Emma said that we shouldn't stay 100 late
ADVISED
Emma__advised us don't stay _ too late.
) Paraphrasing
‘As well as making grammatical changes to the second
sentence, you usually have to change other words to words
‘or phrases with similar meanings. tis important to recognise
‘words, phrases and phrasal verbs that have similar meanings
to familiar words.
© choose the word or phrese (A-C) that matches the
‘meaning of the bold words in the sentences (1-6)
11 They decided to postpone the match,
A. putout 3 putoff © putdown
2. Are you going to go in for the competition?
A takepartin 8 getpatof give partof
3 Maxdidn't accept her offer.
A turnedaway 8 tunedoff ¢ tuned down
4. Hellethisjobas an accountant.
A goveup —-B goveaney © gaveout
5. Itisn'tworth coinginto townnow.
A Theresno 8 Thereisnta € There'sa
pointin point of point for
6 Abi has stopped singing now.
A civonof 8 gienin © givonup
© Decide the pis ofsomtencas (A and 8) havea simi
‘meaning (S) or different meanings (D).
1A I'mnever going to speak to Carol again.
B My intention is never to speak to Carol again.
2A Iimssure he broke it by accident.
B I'm sure he meant to break it
3 A They didn't let people park on the beach,
B_ People were allowed to park on the beach.
4 A They had no money left
B_ They had run out of money.
5A. Wefinally managed to escape.
B. We finally succeeded in escaping,
6 A Brad took no notice of the children.
B_ Brad paid attention to the children.
‘Complete the second sentence so that it has similar
‘meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not
change the word given. You must use between two and five
words, including the word given.
Here is an exampi
© People thinkthat the coins are Roman.
BELIEVED
The coins ARE BELIEVED TO BE__ Roman,
1. "You're lying!’ Marissa said to me.
ACCUSED
Marissa the truth,
2. Itwas careless of her to leave her keys on the table.
SHOULD
her keys on the table.
3 not dance as wellas Jack.
Jacks ‘than Carl
4. People think that singing is good for your health.
‘THOUGHT
singing good for your health.
5 I'msorry | didn't go to the cinema with the others.
wisH
' to the cineme with the
others.
6 I can't wait to meet all your fiends.
FORWARD
lam realy alll your fiends.
=