9/5/2024

History ASHRAE Standard 170 - 2021

ASHRAE 170

Applications
Ventilation of Healthcare Facilities
and Best Practice Applications
Vorasen Leewattanakit

ASHRAE Certified Professional – Healthcare Facility Design (HFDP)

ASHRAE Certified Professional – Building Commissioning (BCxP)
Professional Engineer (PE)., LEED AP BD+C,

Windchill Limited (Vorasen@windchill.co.th) M 08182277786

September 6, 2024
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History
Part II
ASHRAE 170

Applications Aspects and Interactions for achieving best

practices in HVAC system design

Based on ASHRAE Standard 170 - 2021

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Healthcare Facilities - Best Practices

History
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

ASHRAE – Technical Resources

History
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

Design Manual Design Guide Journals Proceeding

Handbook Best Practices – Training Mat Standard

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Healthcare Facilities – High Performing

History
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

CBECS Energy Consumption – US EIA

History
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Healthcare Facility Design Professional Certification

History
Our Offer

ASHRAE 170

Applications

Building Commissioning Professional Certification

History
Our Offer

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170 - 2021

History
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Ventilation of Healthcare Facilities - History

History
History ASHRAE Standard 62 – Ventilation and IAQ
ASHRAE 170

Applications

170 - 2021

170 - 2017
170 - 2013
170 - 2008

12

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Ventilation of Healthcare Facilities – Red Line

History

ASHRAE170
ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Ventilation of Healthcare Facilities – Red Line

History

ASHRAE170
ASHRAE 170

Applications

14

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HVAC Airborne Infection Control

History
• Dilution Ventilation
ASHRAE170
ASHRAE 170
• Air Filtration / ACH
Accordance to
Applications • Contamination Control /Air Flow Direction
ASHRAE Standard
• Microbe Growth 170 - 2021
• Disinfection / Cleanability

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Table 7.1 – Design Parameters – Hospital Requirements

History

ASHRAE170
ASHRAE 170 Key Parameters
Applications • Min OA
• All Room Air Exhausted directly to
outdoors Dilution

• Air Recirculation
Air Filtration
• Min Total ACH
• Min Filter Eff. Contamination Control
• Room Diff Pressure
• Design Temp & % RH Microbe Growth

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Airborne Infection Control – Microbe Growth

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Airborne Infection Control

History

ASHRAE 170
Influenza is least hazardous
Applications
between 40 and 60 % RH

This study sprayed a broth

that included influenza A into
cages of mice. Nearly all mice
died when the ambient
humidity was above 60 % and
below 40 %RH

Brundrett, 1990

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Ventilation Standard for Non-US Countries

History

ASHRAE170
170
• Department of Health. 2007. Health
ASHRAE
Technical Memorandum 03- 01:Specialised
Applications
ventilation for healthcare premises Part A:
Design and validation. London: The
Stationery Office. (UK)
• DIN. 2008. DIN 1946-4, Raumlifttechnik –
Teil 4: Raumlufttechnische Anlagen in
Gebaeuden und Raeumen des. Berlin:
Deutsche Industrie Normen. (GER)
• AENOR. 2005. Instalaciones de
acondicionamiento de aire en hospitales.
Madrid: Associacion Espanola de
Normalizacion y Certification. (Sp)

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Ventilation Standard for Non-US Countries

History

ASHRAE170
ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Ventilation Standard for Non-US Countries

History

ASHRAE170
ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Ventilation Standard for Non-US Countries

History

ASHRAE170
ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Standard & Reference

History

Standard
ASHRAE 170 • ASHRAE Standard 170-2021 Ventilation of
Applications Health Care Facilities
• ASHRAE HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals,
2012
• NFPA 101 Life Safety
• NFPA 110 Emergency Power Systems
• NFPA 99 Healthcare
• ASHRAE Applications Chapter 7
• NEC
• FGI (AIA) Guide for Design of Healthcare
• CDC Guides for Infection Control
• The Joint Commission Accreditation Manual
• Local regulations

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Applications - Best Practices

History

ASHRAE 170
• Operating Rooms
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• Emergency Department
• Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)
• Protective Environment (PE)
• Imaging Suites
• Sterile Processing Department (SPD)/ Central
Supply Sterile Department (CSSD)

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Operating Rooms
History

ASHRAE 170
• Current Doctor demand 18 + 1 C, 50 + 10 % RH
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• Laminar flow diffusers required, minimum 12
inches beyond table, Velocity 25 – 35 fpm
• OR to get at least 20 ach
• SA dew point 7 C (45°F)
• Low Return Air Diffuser
• Positive Room Diff Pressure - even when
unoccupied

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Perfect DP Control - 7 C DP (45 F DP)

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

7 C DP (45 F)

Credit: ASHRAE Journal, 2015

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Temperature and Humidity Control

History

ASHRAE 170
Pre Cool Cooling Reheat
Applications
APPLICATIONS OA
35 C
61 %RH
21.5 g/kg

7C 16 C
98 %RH 50 %RH
6.2 g/kg 6.2 g/kg
18 C
50 %RH
7.3 g / kg

Operating Room

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ACH rate and contaminant removal

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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ASHRAE standard 170-2021

History

Design
ASHRAE 170

Applications

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ISO Class 5 – Uni Directional (Laminar) Air Flow

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

30

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Operating Rooms
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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Laminar Flow Diffuser

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

32

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Laminar Flow Diffuser

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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Typical HVAC Diagram

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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ห้องผ่าตัด ผูป้ ่ วยติดเชือทางอากาศ

History

ASHRAE 170 • ตามคําแนะนํา US CDC และ US OSHA

Applications
APPLICATIONS • US OSHA
– Guidance on preparing Workplaces for COVID-19
• US CDC
– Guideline for Environmental Infection Control in
healthcare facilities
– Guideline for preventing the transmission of M TB in
healthcare setting

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OR สําหรับผูป
้ ่ วย Airborne
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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ปรับปรุงห้อง OR สําหรับผูป้ ่ วย Airborne

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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ปรับปรุงห้อง OR สําหรับผูป้ ่ วย Airborne

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

38

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History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

39

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

40

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History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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Room Air Pressure Control

History

ASHRAE 170
(+ +) (+ +) (+ +)
Applications 10 Pa 10 Pa
10 Pa

(+) 5 Pa

(+ +)
10 Pa
- Anteroom
- Minimize
(+) 5 Pa Traffic
( +) - Preventing
– 5 PA
– 5 PA

5 Pa Contaminati
on
(+) 5 Pa

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Room Air Pressure Control – AII OR

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

- Anteroom
- Minimize Traffic
- Preventing Contamination

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Room Air Pressure Control – AII OR

History - Anteroom
ASHRAE 170
- Minimize Traffic
- Preventing Contamination
Applications

(+) 5 Pa
– 5 PA
– 5 PA

- 10 Pa

44

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Emergency Department
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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Emergency Department
History

ASHRAE 170
• Waiting Area 12 ach SA,100% exhaust
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• HEPA recirculation is allowed but uncommon
• Exhaust stacks 10 ft above roof and labeled,
not filtered
• Emergency switch to go to 100% exhaust for
entire ED (US Hospital Best Practice)
• Trauma room (operating room)
• Airborne infectious isolation room(s) required
(US Hospital Best Practice)

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Emergency Department
History

ASHRAE 170
• Waiting Area 12 ach SA,100% exhaust
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• HEPA recirculation is allowed but uncommon
• Exhaust stacks 10 ft above roof and labeled,
not filtered
• Emergency switch to go to 100% exhaust for
entire ED (US Hospital Best Practice)
• Trauma room (operating room)
• Airborne infectious isolation room(s) required
(US Hospital Best Practice)

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Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

48

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Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)

History

ASHRAE 170
• - 0.01 in. (-2.5 Pa) Min Negative Pressure =
required tight room + door seal construction
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• Anteroom, negative to corridor, and AII
negative to Anteroom
• 12 ach exhaust
• Min Fixed offset exhaust = SA + 300 cfm
• 100% exhaust on emergency power
• Pressure monitoring and logging information
required
• Oversize exhaust grilles to avoid noise
– Located above the patient bed
• Air Treatment (HEPA, UVGI) for Exhaust Air

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Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

N
- -- ---
- --

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Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS
2.5 Pa

235 CFM (400 CMH)

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ห้อง Airborne Infection Isolation Room

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

52

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Airborne Infection Isolation Room

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

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ICU for AIIR patient

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

54

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Protective Environment (PE) Room

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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Protective Environment (PE) Room

History

ASHRAE 170
• Immunocompromised patients: HIV, chemo,
radiation, organ and bone marrow transplants,
Applications
APPLICATIONS
burn
• 12 ach SA, 2 OA, 70–75°F (20-24 C) , max 60%,
positive
• Continuous pressure monitoring required with
logging
• Tight room construction
• Anteroom highly recommended
• MERV 17 (HEPA) on SA
• Clean to less clean flow pattern

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Protective Environment (PE) Room

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

N ++ -
+

Credit: ASHRAE Journal

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Imaging Suites
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

58

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Imaging Suites
History

ASHRAE 170
• 3 HVAC zones—patient, control, equipment
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• Diagnostic 6 ach—X-ray, ultrasound, MRI
– MRI – Require Aluminum or Copper Materials in
room
• Procedure 15 ach—Cath Lab, neuro,
interventional
• Machine heat rejection—procedure room,
equipment
– Need to handle (Air or Water Cooled)
– Beware of Condensation for water cooled

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Imaging Suites
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

Credit: ASHRAE Journal

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Imaging Procedure Room

History • Minimum 15 ach SA, 3 ach OA
ASHRAE 170 • Positive pressure when occupied
Applications
APPLICATIONS • May drop pressure requirement when
unoccupied, reset cfm
• High supplies
• Low returns on opposite sides of the room
• 70°F–75°F dB (21 -24 C), 20%–60% rh
– But most doctors want 18 + 1 C, 50 + 10 % RH
• Cath lab, interventional, neuro
• At least MERV 14
– But most doctors want HEPA
• Lead Lining

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Sterile Processing Department (SPD)/ Central

Supply Sterile Department (CSSD)
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

62

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Sterile Processing Department (SPD)/ Central

Supply Sterile Department (CSSD)
History

ASHRAE 170
• Dirty instruments from surgery and
procedures
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• Flow of materials from dirty to clean
• Flow of air from clean to dirty, maintain dP at
all times
• Decontamination dirty, wet work area, hot,
humid
– 10 ach, 100% exh, negative pressure
– Sterilizers draw steam into decon room,
local exh
• Clean processing/supply needs low
temperature and humidity
• See AAMI Standard ST79

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AAMI Standard
History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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Cleaning / Disinfection / Sterilization Terminology

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

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Cleaning / Disinfection / Sterilization Terminology

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

66

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Sterile Processing Department (SPD)/ Central Supply

Sterile Department (CSSD)

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

67

3rd Party Validation Certification

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications
APPLICATIONS

69

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ASHRAE Application – Best Practices

History

ASHRAE 170
• Operating Rooms
Applications
APPLICATIONS
• Emergency Department
• Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)
• Protective Environment (PE)
• Imaging Suites
• Sterile Processing Department (SPD)/ Central
Supply Sterile Department (CSSD)

70

History

ASHRAE 170

Applications

72

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