HAMRO NIRMAN: ONE STOP CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION

E-COMMERCE PLATFORM

An Internship Report

Submitted by

Nitanta Adhikari Khatri

Symbol Number: 26529/18

T.U. Regd. No: 7-2-1013-30-2019

Submitted to

Office of the Dean

Faculty of Management

Tribhuvan University

Kathmandu

In the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)

Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya

Sallaghari, Bhaktapur

September, 2024
Internship Certificate Issued by the Organization
(Photocopy attached)

ii
 STUDENT’S DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the internship report entitled “HAMRO NIRMAN: ONE STOP

CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION ECOMMERCE PLATFORM” submitted to the faculty of

management, Tribhuwan University, Kathmandu is an original piece of work under the

supervision of “Mohan Tiwari” and is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the award of the degree program of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA). This internship

report has not been submitted to any other university or institution for the award of any degree.

Signature:

Name of the student: Nianta Adhiakri Khatri

Date: September, 2024

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 (To be print in Campus Letter Head)

Approval Sheet

This is to certify that the internship report

Submitted by

Name of the Student

Exam Roll Number:

T U Registration Number:

Entitled

…Title of the Project....

has been prepared duly and approved by Mahavidyalaya and this internship report is forwarded
for examination.

............................. ……………………….

(Name……………………) (Name………………..)

Supervisor Program Coordinator

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our supervisor Mr. Mohan Tiwari, for his
incredible support and guidelines during the entire internship project execution.

I would also like to thank Mr. Rajendra Badu, Coordinator of BBA Programme for his constant
suggestions and guidance. His painstaking encouragements boosted morale for the completion of
this project.

I would also like to appreciate Mr. Dilip Dhozu Operation Head of the HamroNirman, for his
valuable guidance throughout of the project. Without his guidance, the project would not have
been successful..

Lastly, I offer my best regards and gratitude to all our colleagues, fellow workersand others who
supported us in any respect during the completion of the project.

Thanking You,

Nitanta Adhikari Khatri (T.U. Exam Roll No.26529/19)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………………………………I

DECLARATION………………………………………………….……………….……….……..II

CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR..………………………………………………..III

INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE……………..……………………………….…………………...IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………….………………..V

TABLE OF CONTENTS……………….……………………………………….………………VI

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………...VIII

LIST OF FIGURES……………………..……………………………………………………….IX

ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………………..X

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY … …. ……. ……………………………………………………...XI

CHAPTER 1…………………………………………………………………...…………1

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..……...1

1.1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….1
1.2 BACKGROUND…………………………………………………………………....2
1.3 OBJECTIVES……………………………………………………………………….31.3.1
INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVES……………………………………………….3
1.4 METHODOLOGY………………………………………………………………...3
1.4.1 ORGANIZATION SELECTION…………………………………………...4
1.4.2 PLACEMENT/DURATION/ACTIVITIES………………………………...4

1.5 LIMITATION………………………………………………………………………6

CHAPTER 2 ………………………………………………………..……………………7

INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY………………………………………………7

2.1 INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY…………………………………………7

2.2 HISTORY OF ECOMMERCE……………………………………………………8

2.3 PRESENT SITUATION OF ECOMMERCE……………………………………..9

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 2.4 CHALLENGES FOR ECOMMERCE IN NEPAL………………………………11

2.5 OPPORTUNITIES OF ECOMMERCE IN NEPAL…………………………….14

CHAPTER 3…………………………………………………………..………………...18

INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION..…………………...……………….18

3.1 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………18

3.1.1 VISION OF ORGANIZATION……………………………………..…………...19

3.1.2 MISSIONS OF ORGANIZATION………………………………………………19

3.2 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE……………………………………………19

CHAPTER 4…………………………...………………………………..………………20

ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES DONE…….…………………………..………………20

4.1 ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN THE ORGANIZATION…..……………………20

4.2 ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES PERFORMED…...………………………………24

4.2.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS……………..………………………………………………24

4.2.2. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE……………………………………………………26

CHAPTER 5……………………………….……………………………...…………….32

CONCLUSION…………………………….…………………………………..…….…32

5.1 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………….32

5.2 LESSON LEARNT…………………………………………………………………33

5.3 RECOMMENDATION………………………………………………..………….33

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

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 List of Tables
Table 1. Weeks Spent in Different Departments ………………………………………..5

Table 1. Activities Performed in Different Departments ………………………………..5

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 List of Figures

Figure 1. Organizational Structure …………….………………………………………19

Figure 2. Flow Chart of Online Shopping System ………………………………………27

Figure 3. Context Level Diagram..…………….…………………… …………………28

Figure 4. First Level DFD……….………….……………………… …………………29

Figure 5. Second Level DFD ………………….…………………… …………………29

Figure 6. ER Diagram of System..…………….…………………………………………30

Figure 7. Use Case Diagram…………………….……………………………………….31

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 Abbreviation
Admin: Administrative
AI: Artificial Intelligence
B2B: Business-to-Business
B2C: Business-to-Consumer
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
DFD: Data Flow Diagram
Ecommerce: Electronic Commerce
ER: Entity Relationship
ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning System
IME: International Money Express
IT: Information Technology
MVC: Model View Controller
PAN: Permanent Account Number
R&D: Research and Development
SEO: Search Engine Optimization
SKUs: Stock Keeping Units
Tally: Transactions Allowed in a Linear Line Yards
VAT: Value Added Tax

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 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

As per the requirement of the TU for the BBA 8 th semester students are required to complete a
six credit (minimum eight weeks) internship as a part of the course requirement. Industry is a
crucial requirement of the internship course and this will have to be secured before getting
started with the course. The internship in specialized field provides students in‐depth
understanding about the field, market exposure, and help to identify the potential career
opportunities. Internship project is good for students to understand real world implications of the
sound academic knowledge gained in college. The internship gives the real world exposure to the
professional life and show wider exploration of the career opportunities.

The broad objectives of internship are as follows:

1. To test the interest in particular field before permanent commitment are made.
2. To develop skills in the application of theory to practical work situations.
3. To know the value of time management and interpersonal skills.
4. To develop skills and techniques directly applicable to the careers.
5. To acquire in-depth knowledge of the formal functional activities of a participating
organization.

1.1 Background

In online marketing, a shopping cart is a piece of e-commerce software on a web server that
allows visitors to an Internet site to select items for eventual purchase, analogous to the
American English term "shopping cart". The website allows online shopping customers to
accumulate a list of items for purchase, described metaphorically as “placing items in the
shopping cart” or “add to cart”. Upon checkout, the website typically calculates a total for the
order, including shipping and handling (i.e. postage and packing) charges and the associated
taxes, as applicable.

These web apps typically provide a means of capturing a client's payment information, but in the
case of a credit card they rely on the software module of the secure gateway provider, in
conjunction with the secure payment gateway, in order to conduct secure credit card transactions
online.

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Although the simplest shopping carts strictly allow for an item to be added to a basket to start a
checkout process, most shopping cart web app provides additional features that an Internet
merchant uses to fully manage an online store. Data (products, categories, discounts, orders,
customers, etc.) is normally stored in a database and accessed in real time by the software.

This project contains the model of the Online Shopping Cart system for everything in Nepal
shopping store, including all the models used to specify and realize the IT system. This model
addresses the development of an online shopping cart system that allows suppliers of everything
in Nepal to sell their products directly online to customers. The goal is to show the analyzing and
designing a robust system that corresponds to the initial requirements

1.2 Objectives of the study

The age of internet shopping has already taken over the globe, which is the reason why everyone
wants to shop online Shopping has long been considered a recreational activity by many.
Shopping online is no exception. The goal of this application is to develop a web based interface
for online retailers. The system would be easy to use and hence make the shopping experience
pleasant for the users . The main objective of the project of this internship is to develop working
in real world and to develop a online web-based Shopping Cart System for everything in Nepal.
Some of the objectives of this website are as following:

1. To develop an easy to use web based interface where users can search for products, view a
complete description of the products and order the product.

2. A search engine that provides an easy and convenient way to search for products specific to
their needs. The search engine would list a set of products based on the search term and the user
can further filter the list based on various parameters.

3. Various kinds of goods can be placed in online shopping cart for sale and promotion of each
and every good with the product description.

4. To sell various goods and items to customers online by allowing customers to add item into
the cart or to remove in the undesirable case.

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1.3. Methodology

The internship started with selection of appropriate organization. I was placed in different
departments throughout the internship and earned different knowledge through observation and
experience in respected departments. Therefore, this report is based on the knowledge and
experience that I collected during 8 weeks of internship at Quest Corp, Naxal.

The methods used for collecting information are:

a) Primary source

The primary data are collected from different observations, interaction with customers and staffs
and through guidelines from staffs of different departments.

b) Secondary source

The secondary data are collected from website of the company, brochures, published reports and
other related websites.

1.3.1. Selection of an organization

The most essential part of internship is selection of organization. Not every organization
provides interns an opportunity to learn and analyze the practical implication of the theoretical
aspects learnt in the academic session. As a student of marketing, to convert the theoretical
knowledge into the practical field, also because of the reputation it held, hamronirman
ecommerce platform. The interested interns were required to submit necessary documents such
as curriculum vitae, recommendation letter of the college, cover letter, citizenship certificate, etc.
to the Human Resource Department of Quest Corp Head Office at Naxal. After approval from
HR department, internship commenced at Head Office.

1.3.2. Duration

The duration of the internship as defined by the Tribhuwan University was of six to eight
weeks. In accordance with the defined duration the Internship lasted from 24th January, 2024 to
19th March, 2024 for the period of 8 weeks .During this period ,placement at different
departments of organization are such as:

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  Administrative Department
 Inventory Department
 Sales Department
 Account Department

Despite of the time limitation, much knowledge has been obtained, a lot has been learned and
confidence has developed a lot. The way of communication with people and customer
relationship skill has been developed.

Table 1.

Weeks Spent in Different Department

Name of Department/ Week 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
Administrative
Inventory
1.3.3.
Sales
Account
Activities Performed

The activities performed while working as an intern at Quest Corp is shown in the table as
follows:

Table 2.

Activities performed in different departments

Departments Activities performed

Administrative  Data Collection
 Content Writing
 Product Import
 Product Export
 Product Update
 Inventory Management
 Order Management
Inventory  Purchase Entry
 Sales Entry

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  Admin
 Inventory Analysis
 Store Supervision
Sales  Customer Service
 User Registration
 Admin
Account  Purchase Entry
 Sales Entry
 Stock Keeping
 Admin

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 CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRY

2.1. Introduction

E-commerce means using the Internet and the web for business transactions and/or commercial
transactions, which typically involve the exchange of value (e.g., money) across organizational
or individual boundaries in return for products and services. Here we focus on digitally enabled
commercial transactions among organizations and individuals.

Hence, e-tailing is a subset of e-commerce, which encapsulates all “commerce” conducted via
the Internet. It refers to that part of e-commerce that entails the sale of product merchandise and
does not include sale of services, namely railway tickets, airlines tickets and job portals.

E-business applications turn into e-commerce precisely, when an exchange of value occurs.
Digitally enabled transactions include all transactions mediated by digital technology and
platform; that is, transactions that occur over the Internet and the web. The age of internet
shopping has already taken over the globe, which is the reason why everyone wants to shop
online shopping has long been considered a recreational activity by many. Shopping online is no
exception. The goal of this application is to develop a web based interface for online retailers.
The system would be easy to use and hence make the shopping experience pleasant for the users
[3]. The main objective of the project of this internship is to develop working in real world and
to develop a online web-based Shopping System for everything in Nepal. Some of the objectives
of this application are as following:

1. To develop an easy to use web based interface where users can search for products, view a
complete description of the products and order the product.

2. A search engine that provides an easy and convenient way to search for products specific to
their needs. The search engine would list a set of products based on the search term and the user
can further filter the list based on various parameters.

3. Various kinds of goods can be placed in online shopping cart for sale and promotion of each
and every good with the product description.

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4. To sell various goods and items to customers online by allowing customers to add item into
the cart or to remove in the undesirable case.

2.2. History of E-commerce

Every time, while scrolling your Facebook, Instagram, or even TikTok timeline, you might have
seen advertisements of several goods and services that allow you to make your order and pay for
the purchase.

Along with the development of information technology, commercial transactions have also been
made possible electrically. Consequently, in Nepal also, there are various companies like Daraz,
Sastodeal, and Urbangirl which have thrived on the possibility of e-commerce.

This digital version of doing commercial transactions over the internet, also known as e-
commerce, has been in the center of attention among the urban youth in Nepal these days. Now,
the Covid-19 pandemic has also highlighted the importance of e-commerce among the costumers
as well as the vendors.

So, one may be curious about when and how this business model that has been proving its worth
to its fullest in this unprecedented time came into existence and reach this phase today.

The history of e-commerce in the world began with the foundation of CompuServe in 1969. In
1984, the same company, believed to be the first major e-commerce enterprise of the world,
launched Electronic Mall that allowed its users to buy from more than 100 online
retailers/merchants. It was the first instance of online retailing in the world. E-commerce
worldwide is flourishing and has now seen a boom.

E-commerce was introduced in Nepal with an aim of letting Nepalis residing abroad send gifts to
their families, friends, and relatives living here. The shift from physical stores to virtual ones
began in the late 1990s.

Bal Krishna Joshi, a co-founder of thamel.com, claims his company is the first-ever e-commerce
company in Nepal in 1998.

muncha.com was launched by Muncha House, the first-ever online department store in Nepal,
located in Balkumari, Ason. Established in 2000, it is considered the first online department store

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in Nepal. Nepalis living in the USA, the UK, and Australia used this website to buy and send
gifts to their near and dear ones in Nepal.

Gradually, many e-commerce companies came into operation. Such major companies include
NepBay.com, now changed into Thulo Market established in 2007 (as an online directory of
products and shops in Kathmandu), Foodmandu (2010), Sastodeal (2011), Urban Girl, now
changed into UG Bazaar (2012), Daraz (initially started as Kyamu in 2013 and acquired by
Alibaba Group in 2018) and many more.

With the launch of eSewa, the first payment gateway of Nepal, in 2009, and other payment
services like Khalti, IME Pay, and many more, a fertile ground has been laid for the growth of e-
commerce in Nepal.

2.3. Present Situation of E-commerce

It has already been over two decades since e-commerce began in Nepal. Thanks to the
advancement in information technology and its wide reach, by now, there are thousands of e-
commerce sites running in Nepal. As of August last year, there were already more than 40,000
registered commercial websites in Nepal.

Many Nepalis, mainly urban masses and youth have also adapted to online shopping during these
years. In addition, the popularity and the significance of the e-commerce sites skyrocketed
during the recent lockdown imposed to control the Covid-19 spread in the country. And, it is still
growing more and more.

This has made the competition intense within the e-commerce sites. Amid this scenario, some of
the e-commerce sites have been successful in marking their worth in the market.

Here is a list of top five e-commerce sites in Nepal

1. Daraz

Undoubtedly, Daraz is Nepal’s leading e-commerce site in Nepal. First started in 2013 as
Kyamu and later acquired by Alibaba Group in 2018, this site has already attracted over
100,000 users in Nepal. Daraz is a marketplace that connects thousands of sellers with their
potential consumers.

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 As claimed by Daraz Nepal, it provides access to around 500,000 products in over 100
categories including groceries, apparels, electronics, home appliances, and whatnot, and
delivers 200,000+ packages every month.

2. Sastodeal

Another e-commerce site that has successfully attracted thousands of customers, as well as
vendors or partners in Nepal, is Sastodeal. Sastodeal, established in 2011, is one of the
popular e-commerce sites here by now. It has also recently collaborated with Myntra and
Flipcart, renowned e-commerce sites in India.

Sastodeal offers its customers a whole lot of products of groceries, apparels, home
appliances, and electronics from thousands of business owners and vendors. Also, Sastodeal
guarantees the return and exchange of the product within a particular time.

3. Hamrobazaar

Hamrobazaar is one of such e-commerce sites that has made its own space in the hearts of its
users in Nepal. This site is visited by around 800,000 unique visitors every month, claims the
site itself. It is a free virtual platform that enables its users, be it individuals or companies, to
enlist a wide range of firsthand and secondhand products for buying and selling online. This
site connects the sellers with their potential customers.

Hamrobazaar offers its users to buy and sell a lot of new and used products ranging from
apparels and accessories to travel and tour packages.

4. NepBay (Thulo.com)

NepBay was started as an online directory of products and shops in the Kathmandu valley in
2007 and is now a successful online marketplace for the people in Nepal. NepBay offers its
consumers more than 25,000 products in over 700 categories that include home decor,
gadgets, automobiles and vehicles, gift cards, grocery, food and beverages, pet supplies, and
many more with hundreds of shops around the country.

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 NepBay claims itself as an e-commerce powerhouse as by now it serves more than 5,000
businesses inside the country via the ecosystem of solutions and services of five different
companies under their parent organization ‘Thulo Group’.

5. Foodmandu

Foodmandu is a favorite e-commerce site of the foodies in the Kathmandu valley.

Established in 2010, Foodmandu enables its users to order foods and dishes from hundreds of
restaurants in the valley and their ordered foods and dishes will be delivered in their
doorsteps.

There are not any food delivery apps that can match the popularity of Foodmandu as of now.
Foodmandu also marked its presence during the lockdown by changing its working model
and tying up with Sabji Land. And, it began delivering fresh groceries like fruits and
vegetables to the customers at their homes. This has added more to its already established
name in Nepal’s e-commerce scenario.

2.4. Challenges for E-commerce in Nepal

As the entire world is roaming towards the digital era where shopping is possible through the
internet, ecommerce in Nepal is also progressing. It is getting accepted by many, particularly
inside Kathmandu Valley, where smaller startups are trying to earn their place. The future of e-
commerce in Nepal is bright. Your business could miss out on many growth opportunities if you
do not transfer your business on the e-commerce platform yet. Even the e-commerce giant
Alibaba has made a large investment in Daraz, one of the top e-commerce platforms of Nepal.
This itself confirms that the market will get very competitive in the coming days. The present
leaders of e-commerce in Nepal are Daraz, SastoDeal, Hamrobazar, and much more small
business are following these patterns. However, the challenges in e-commerce can’t be
neglected, particularly not in Nepal.

i. Poor Internet Access

E-Commerce is a major part of the internet. It includes the process of buying and selling goods
and services through the internet. The main hazard of the e-commerce sector is poor internet
access in Nepal. According to research, less than 40% of the population has internet access but

10
yet not at high speed. Only people from the main city areas have internet facilities. The
population who have internet access still don’t buy from online. In the whole south Asian
country, Nepal comes under an expensive country for internet charges and facilities. Internet
provider offers very low-speed internet but still, charges are high than other Asian countries.
Likewise, 35% of the population only have smartphones in Nepal. Those who have smartphones
and bought from online more than 40% are dissatisfied.

ii. Traditional Shopping Habit

Nepali still shop in a traditional way. They are not brand-centric. They go the bazaar, chat with
vendors, bargain to the fullest, and get things done. They cannot directly order something they
can’t touch, feel, or bargain. Especially the middle-aged people (35-50 age group) do not choose
online shopping. They don’t trust the products they deliver and think the price range is high.
Also, adults who have a typical Nepali upbringing follow a traditional way of shopping. Only
some urban cities youngster’s love doing so. It is the main challenge for e-commerce businesses
in Nepal. People of Nepal still prefer to see and feel the goods before buying them. They want to
inspect the goods closely, bargain, and then buy them. Even though e-commerce is an easy buy
solution in western countries, many people in Nepal are not able to see this because of the lack of
professional service.

iii. Lack of trust

The significant challenges most e-commerce businesses in Nepal is convincing the people that
they can be trusted. There is one thing an online business has failed to achieve in Nepal, it’s the
inability to develop trust among the peoples. Due to poor management systems, people strongly
believe that they don’t get the actual qualitative product as they see on the internet. Imagine
purchasing shoes that look marvelous in the photo however actually dull when delivered, it will
not give a nice sentiment. Also, the working culture of Nepal is misleading, especially, in the
case of time. Nepali people usually are not punctual at times. There is a famous metaphor
“Nepali Time” where there is always 15-30 minutes delay than the actual time. These things
make it hard to accept online shopping. It takes a lot of time to gain trust.

iv. Lack of an Effective Payment Gateway

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For a very long time, online shopping in Nepal always meant paying with cash on delivery.
Although some online retailers have teamed up with certain banks for online digital installments,
it is still not as helpful as one might want. Nepal now has user-friendly digital wallets like
eSewa, Khalti, IME Pay, and some more. However, most people stills follow cash on delivery
for the payment of the products. In perhaps a couple of years we’ll have a reliable and simple
method for making a solid online transaction.

v. Customer Interaction

Customer interaction is a very challenging factor in e-commerce business. In many cases,

customers avoid the interaction. Also, it is not easy to get customer reviews and ratings in Nepal.
No doubt, some e-commerce websites now offer minimal delivery tracking but still lack the
proper tracking system. Customers and delivery persons could benefit from a more interactive
delivery tracking system. Like using Google Maps to track the exact location and details of the
delivery person and the product.

vi. Lack of Proper Address System

The fundamental goal of the e-commerce business is to get the products delivered to the
doorsteps. With a complex and incomplete address structure in Nepal, this is beyond the area of
imagination. What most online business organizations do is make a call during delivery and
approval to meet at a specific known spot. Nepal presently can’t seem to tackle this issue. This
issue isn’t just a challenge to the e-commerce sector in Nepal, but on the other hand, it’s an issue
for numerous different enterprises.

vii. Lack of Availability of the Product in the Warehouse

Most of the e-commerce websites fail to manage the product’s stock. They sell the same products
in physical stores as well. Sometimes it’s hard to manage the product if it is already sold in
store. Due to lack of integration, sometime products that are out of stock, still show available on
the websites. Lack of availability of the products in the warehouse may create trust issues to the
online customer. Additionally, there is a confusing return policy in Nepal. Most online
businesses don’t accept the return of products. It can be a threat in the long run.

viii. Lack of e-commerce Friendly Rules

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Nepal government hasn’t formulated the guidelines that favor e-commerce business. One of the
troubles lies in the payment gateway during an international transaction. An e-commerce
business dependent on Nepal can’t open a PayPal account until it has a dollar account abroad.
Likewise, the protracted bureaucratic procedure and unstable monetary strategy of Nepal Rastra
Bank are significant obstacles. Moreover, many e-commerce websites are not even registered in
Nepal. People are uncertain whether they have to do that in any case. The administration has not
made a system for this, so it is hard for some to locate the correct way.

ix. Unhealthy Competition

The addition of competitors doesn’t always mean that the quality of products and services is
going to increase at a similar proportion. Many startups are also failing because the competition
is getting fierce. Numerous businesses can’t discover and set their objectives and with each
online business attempting to provide in a wide range of products. It’s a game of price, where the
most reduced one can sustain in the market. Due to which product quality can be compromised
in order to sell at a low price.

In conclusion, all things considered, these are our perspectives regarding the challenges in the
online shopping scene in Nepal. E-commerce in Nepal has recently begun to develop from its
origin and requires a ton of support before it can truly enter the gigantic population using the
internet. Careful research and determination will definitely pay off as the country is finally over
its transition phase. If you have any remarkable thoughts of your own, make certain to drop them
in the comments below.

2.5. Opportunities of E-commerce in Nepal

E commerce is a huge industry. It had a global estimated sales of over 3.5 trillion dollars last
year alone. The staggering data indicates the inclination of worldwide commerce towards e-
commerce. Considering the commercial growth and the consumer market, India and China are
regarded as the forefront leaders of the e-commerce industry. Their economic growth and
consumer market have enabled individual traders and commercial enterprises to trade through
the digital medium. Meaning, the gap between consumers and businesses has narrowed down in
India and China to a great extent. As for a smaller economy like Nepal, local businesses can
benefit by tapping into a large number of the potential market, and business opportunities they

13
create. Also, considering consumer and cultural similarities, Nepali companies can implement
similar e-commerce strategies that best fit the company’s product and services.

This means, there are lots of e-commerce opportunities in the Nepali market. Companies like
Daraz and other e-commerce sites have already started bridging trade gaps between the Nepali
consumers and Chinese and Indian businesses. By introducing the Nepali consumers to a global
market, it has opened doors for international trade. There are administrative complications, but
overcoming them can help Nepali businesses compete on the global front.

Implementing digital trade can enable businesses to practice trade on a common platform and
change the future of business. Here’s how:

1. Personalized E commerce Experience

Businesses are trying their best to personalize the individual shopping experience. Taking trade
online can help businesses achieve this particular goal by predicting consumer buying behavior
and needs. Individual customers will get a peculiar experience based on their location, internet
browsing history, past behavior, etc. For example, if you go to a retail shopping site and input
“casual shirt”, the e-commerce platform in the site will list out recommendations based on your
past internet browsing and online purchase pattern. Similarly, consumers also get brands with
personalized brand value. Through relevant, and helpful content in e-commerce stores, customers
are driven towards the right purchase.

2. Multichannel Trade

With the presence of both digital and physical mediums for trade, customers are bound to use
multi-channels during their purchase process. E commerce stores need to analyze the following
to understand the buying behavior of customers:

- Customer’s purchasing process

- Preferred marketing channel of customers

- Purchase intent

14
Businesses are trying to understand consumer behavior and integrate both offline and online
features into a single multi-channel shopping. Create purchase touch points for customers who
browse online and purchase offline. Businesses can also implement the product booking strategy
which allows customers to book products and purchase and pay from the store. Businesses need
to sync their online and offline data to make streamline multi-channel shopping.

3. B2B Trade

B2B e-commerce transaction is gradually rising. There is a growing trend of businesses buying
software, products, and services for their own needs. SaaS and technology sectors are the two
main industries that are encouraging B2B e-commerce. Similarly, food and garment producers
are also opting for a digital medium to purchase raw materials to continue production. Therefore,
B2B e-commerce stores need to ensure that they have features that facilitate large orders, billing
and invoicing, volume-based discounts and reorder services.

4. Shopping on Social Media

Social media shopping is gaining popularity among online consumers. As social sites improve
their selling functions, these platforms have been ideal mediums of advertising and selling.
Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube are some of the platforms that have introduced the
“buy” button to make selling digitally more significant. In Nepal, businesses have limited social
media marketing to only advertising. It is high time they took advantage of this trend to start
multiplying social media followers and improve the customer base. Businesses can also
introduce discount coupons in exchange for social media following or referral to engage
consumer activity in their social media pages.

5. AI Integration

Artificial Intelligence (AI) already plays an important role in e-commerce. AI chat bots and
crawlers have been helping customers enhance their overall buying experience. Further, it helps
businesses manage tasks that were typically assigned to humans. These AI assistants help
enhance customer service by answering their queries, filing complaints, and displaying suitable
product suggestions. These bots learn from customer conversation and behavior and evolve to
better fit individual users.

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Nepal is heading towards digital commercialization at a steady pace. The existence of traditional
shopping practices in consumers and the limited resources compels Nepali businesses to depend
mostly on their physical stores. However, the urban community is seeing a boom in the e-
commerce business. The tech-friendly consumers in the urban part have found an easy buying
alternative. Nepal’s centralized population has alone enabled businesses with an e-commerce
platform to perform better than the rival. The inclusion of the entire population will undoubtedly
excel in the current market and create better and bigger opportunities throughout the country.

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 CHAPTER 3: BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE ORGANIZATION

3.1. Brief introduction of the organization

Quest Corp Pvt. Ltd is an ever-growing community of passionate and brilliant people. This
exceptional team has every solution to their clients' biggest and most complicated problems. This
organization services are offered both on and offshore, and delivered with pride and passion.
This organization is a group of young, motivated, skilled people whose main goal is to provide
their clients with an innovative solution.

The Quest started its first sort online E-Commerce portal named as hamronirman.com on
10/01/2019. The portal is focused to the field of construction where each consumers' and
business person needs are fulfilled. Hamronirman.com is the first mover as well as largest e-
commerce in Construction field where it provides the largest Business to Business (B2B) as well
as Business to Consumers (B2C) marketplaces in Nepal. It’s the only platform which provides
all Construction related solutions under one roof such as Hardware, Electrical, Sanitary,
Plumbing, Machinery and Building Materials via web portal in Nepal. Construction is a wide and
complicated sector with various brands, product categories and prices. And more varieties create
more confusion and more confusion means waste of our precious time.

Hamronirman.com is mainly focused to give everyone right product at ideal cost and at correct
time at desired destination whether it’s small or huge projects to tackle this well-established issue
of settling on inappropriate choices during construction works.

It has been made amazingly easy for every individual including experts associated with the
construction business such as engineers and contractors to purchase the products either in smaller
or large scales through hamronirman.com. Individual needs to go to www.hamronirman.com and
create a profile and enroll. Once registered, one can not only explore the wide variety of products
but also avail it at special prices.

The website has special features for professional B2B customers as it helps them to track the
progress of their individual construction sites for the expenses made, quantity and date of
purchases made which again helps to manage one’s project very efficiently. Indeed, even the
costs for single or numerous pieces of purchases made remain the same because of which the

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business clients can undoubtedly buy exactly what they need for the time, accordingly assisting
with keeping their Cash Flow as well.

3.1.1. Vision of hamronirman

To provide right product at ideal cost and at correct time at desired destination to every general
customer.

3.1.2. Mission of hamronirman

To be a 1st Choice ecommerce platform for construction solution.

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 CHAPTER 4: JOB PROFILE AND ACTIVITIES PERFORMED

4.1. Activities Performed in the organization

1) Administrative
The 7 weeks of internship was very important as per the activities performed. I was
placed basically in the content writing. Where I performed some of the activities under
the supervision of my supervisor due the sensitivity of the issues. Following are the
activities performed in the department during the period of internship:
a) Data Collection
 Primary Source
The primary data are collected directly from the manufacturer distributor
or from the vendor, who provides products to sell in the website and the
data incudes the product description (product name, product code, product
specification, product image, product price and other brand information)
 Secondary Source
The secondary data are collected from the booklets, brochure books and
other journal and articles of the specific brand and companies. The next
form of these source is internet search through the brand webpages and
other ecommerce platforms that are selling the same product.
b) Content Writing
 Product Description
Inhere, the collected data are inserted into the excel spreadsheet that
includes product name, product code, product specification, product
image, product price and other brand information. All the information are
assumed to be the validate one, else if the missing details are exported
later on the webpage manually from the backend.
 SKUs
The product code provided by the source are derived to form the SKUs in
the excel spreadsheet according to the verticals and the sub categories it
falls into the webpage. Such SKUs are maintained to simplify the

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 inventory system, to make product distinctive from other products and are
concerned only for the internal uses.
c) Product Import
The final excel spreadsheet is formed by placing all the SKUs and product
description in the in-house developed product template in excel spreadsheet and
are imported to the webpage from the backend of the website. Before the import
of the file, the file is examined, checked and verified by the administrative
manager and imported. This work is done by the admin user login that are
provided to the administrative department.
d) Product Export
The imported files are exported to the admin device for backup purposes and to
edit the needed changes such as product price. When exported the file, the system
originated code is generated that works as the replacement and substitution of the
SKUs. In future use, system code can be used as SKUs. This work is done by the
admin user login that are provided to the administrative department.
e) Product Update
The necessity changes are made from the backend for the product update such as
product description update and inventory update. This work is done by the admin
user login that are provided to the administrative department.
The update of price change are made by concerning with the manufacturer,
distributer, vendors and internal planning manager.
f) Inventory Management
It is the role of admin to maintain the inventory management in the system from
the backend. The developer have made the inventory management system
category that includes, availability of the stock, minimum stock notification,
minimum and maximum quantity for the order system, unit measurement of the
stock, in-app inventory tracking system and other in-house operation regarding
the inventory management.
g) Order Management
The other important function of the admin is to maintain the order status, such
status includes, processing, pending, queued and order cancellation. Processing

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 indicates the received order, pending indicates the follow up and queued indicates
the confirmation.

2) Inventory
This inventory department is the bridge of other functionality of the system operation of
the organization. There are various roles of an inventory personnel such as;
a. Purchase Entry
The purchase entry is made on both department i.e. on inventory and account so it
is important to cross verify the stock availability. In this department. Since this
organization does not use any IMS software, the entry is made on the Google
sheet where the admin is inventory personnel and other department heads are the
commentator and viewer only to control the unwanted edits on the inventory.
b. Sales Entry
Similar to purchase entry, the other task of the inventory personnel is to update
the sales entry to assure the stock availability. This task is also performed on both
account department and inventory department. Similar to purchase this entry is
made on next spreadsheet of the same excel file and both the purchase and the
sales updates are linked and the difference are analyzed.
c. Admin task
Performing the task of stock update on the system through backend is the other
role of an inventory personnel. Making the changes in the available of the product
in the distinctive order to process the order and passing it to sales is the function
of inventory admin.
d. Inventory Analysis
The analytical function of inventory personnel is to analyze the ROL. It is made
by projecting the sales and calculating the lead time for the upcoming purchase.
e. Store Supervision
The store keeper works under the command of the inventory personnel, so it is the
responsibility of the inventory personnel to maintain the minimum stock quantity
in each store and warehouse. The task of the inventory personnel also include the
warehouse transfer of the stock.
3) Sales

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 This department is linked with the procurement and marketing, some major roles played
by this department are:
i) Customer Service
The activities to be performed by the sales officer is to make customer familiar about
the product by providing the adequate information about the product to the potential
customer. After sales service are provided by the sales person and attract the customer
for loyalty. Sales officers listen to the queries of the customer and solve the problem
of the customer.
ii) User Registration
a) B2B
For the B2B user registration, sales officer collects the credential documents such
as, tax clearance certificate of the companies, company registration certificate,
bank drafts and other essential companies details such as billing address, shipping
address, mailing address, contact information and VAT no. or PAN no.(available
any one).
b) B2C
Similar to B2B the customer details such as billing address, shipping address,
mailing address and contact information are collected by the sales officer.
iii) Admin
Making the user registration is the role of the sales officer through backend in the
system. Maintaining the order status, such status includes, processing, pending,
queued and order cancellation is the admin task of the sales officer.
4) Account
It is the function of account officer to maintain the purchase and sales update and other
accounting and financing support. The major role performed under this department are:
a) Purchase Entry
Quest Corp uses the Tally ERP9 system software to maintain the books of accounts.
Creating the ledger of the vendors and creditors is the task of the account officer and
also maintaining the journal entries for them.
b) Sales Entry

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 The ledger of the customers and debtors are created by the sales officer in the Tally
ERP9 system software and updating them with the entries of the journal.
c) Stock Keeping
There is a provision of keeping and maintaining the inventory stock in the system
software Tally ERP9 and they are updated by the account officer to rationalize the
books of accounts.
d) Admin
There is limited task of an account officer as an admin, an officer only needs to mark
the payment of the customer in respective order as a paid when confirmed. And
making the payment option change from paid to refunded in any potential
occurrences.

4.2. Analysis of activities performed

The overall development of the system was carefully analyzed under the proper guidance from
the supervisor to make this project a grand success.

4.2.1. System Analysis

System Analysis is the process of studying an activity in order to define its goals or purposes and
to discover operations and procedures for accomplishing them most efficiently. Analysis is
defined as the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial whole into parts.
Synthesis is defined as the procedure by which we combine separate elements or components in
order to form a coherent whole. Systems analysis researchers apply methodology to the analysis
of systems involved to form an overall picture. System analysis is used in every field where there
is a work of developing something.

a) Feasibility Study

Feasibility analysis helps to figure out if the project will is successful of not. The feasibility
analysis should be carried out on various aspects like economic, technical, legal and operational.

i) Technical Feasibility

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Technical feasibility was to make sure that the new system would be able to work in the existing
infrastructure and integrate with the existing database. We can strongly say that it is technically
feasible, since there will not be much difficulty in getting required resources for the development
and maintaining the system as well. All the resources needed for the development of the software
as well as the maintenance of the same is available in the organization.

ii) Economic Feasibility

In order to analyze the economic feasibility of the system, Cost/Benefit analysis is to be carried
out. This tool helps to determine the benefits that can be obtained from the system by comparing
them with the various costs. If the benefits are higher than the cost then the system is considered
to be economically feasible to be developed. Else we can easily understand that the system is not
economically feasible and certain things are to be worked out and modified in order to acquire
the desired economic feasibility. [12] The economic feasibility of the project was based on
budget provided by the cost estimation made by the project manager at hamronirman.com.

iii) Operational Feasibility

The Operational feasibility study helps in measuring the degree to which the system solves the
problems and the extent to which it fulfills the requirements stated in the requirements document.
It helps to understand the operation of the system before and after implementing new
functionalities. It determines how well the system functions in the operational level. The
enhanced GUI feature will help the users to operate easily and no detailed knowledge is required.
Therefore, it is operationally feasible. The operational feasibility of the project was evaluated by
testing its server’s capacities and connection with the existing Database.

iv) Schedule Feasibility

All the required phases of development had to be finished within the given time frame. The
analysis and design phase required about 3 weeks of time. The effort was reduced due to clear
requirement and database. The development process required only aboutone month because PHP
framework allows to develop application rapidly. [14] Testing required further two weeks. Hence
the project is feasible in the dimension of schedule.

4.2.2. System Architecture

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They required the system to be based on the MVC (Model – View – Controller) model of
designing the system. Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a classic design pattern often used by
applications that need the ability to maintain multiple views of the same data. The MVC pattern
hinges on a clean separation of objects into one of three categories:

There are 5 basic steps in the process of intelligently rescaling the image. These basic steps also
consist of many sub steps. There might be some changes to the phases as the source of the image
change from time to time as shown above.

These steps are the basic of what happens inside of the system. Every process of intelligently
scaling the image goes through these activities

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 a) FlowChart

Figure 2: Flow Chart of Online shopping system

b) Data Flow Diagram of Shopping Cart

The data flow diagram (DFD) for the Online Shopping cart System is a graphical representation
of the "flow" of data through the system, modeling its process aspects. DFD is a preliminary step

26
used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. DFD is used for the
visualization of data processing and structured design.

Context Level Diagram is a diagram that defines the boundary between the system, or part of a
system, and its environment, showing the entities that interact with it. This diagram is a high
level view of a system.

Figure 3: Contextleveldiagram

This context diagram in figure 4 consists of user that interacts with various items in online
shopping to buy the various product items. The online shopping application acknowledges by
providing with various products and categories that user required.

i) First Level DFD

First level DFD shows user can search products in process 1.0. While searching product data is
fetch from product database. Then user can add the selected product in cart in process 2.0.

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Figure 4: First Level DFD

ii) Second Level DFD

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Figure 5: Second Level DFD

Above figure 3 describes the work flow of the shopping cart, where visitors can add items, edit
items and they need to login for the checkout process. If the visitors don’t have their account
they need to register and then login with their respective account then they can make their
payment and buy the items.

c) ER Diagram

Figure6: ER diagram of system

The figure shows the basic design of the database of shopping cart. In figure 6 there are four
entities user, product, category and manufacturer. User has one to many relationship with
product as one user can buy many products. Category has one to much relationship with product
as one category may have many products. Similarly, there is one to many relationship between
manufacturer and products as one manufacturer can manufacture many products.

d) Use Case Diagram of Shopping Cart

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Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and shows the interaction between them. The
main purpose is to show the interaction between the use cases and the actor. It represents the

system requirement from user’s perspective. Theseare the functions that are to be performed in
the module. An actor could be the end-user of the system or an external system.

Figure 7: Use Case Diagram

In this use case diagram show in figure 8 the shopper or the user and the admin interacts with the
various use cases. The shopper or the user can register to create their account and after creating
their account they can login into the system. The user can search the products or view the
products what they are seeking for. The shopper or the user can filter the products by choosing
from the various categories and various products of that category. They can add, update the
products from the cart and user can check out if user have added the items in the cart. Admin can
add, update the products and the category and manage user.

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 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION

5.1. Conclusion

The internship in hamronirman.com at Quest Corp Pvt. Ltd. has provided a great opportunity to
enhance knowledge and skills. It helped internee to gain the experience of working in real and
practical field and most importantly working in team. Moreover, it presented an opportunity to
work in the project related to internee interest and specialization. The main objective of the
internship is learning the things that is necessary to get yourself into the real field of work. This
internship has enhanced internee knowledge and skills. It has given internee the opportunity to
understand this industry and how the work is actually done.

To conclude, internee found that the internship was very beneficial as a part of development of
career and the experience gained through this would be helpful and beneficial for the future
opportunities. Besides developing a project other lessons are also learnt and they are as follows:

The importance of communication to coordinate the tasks. How important it is to work in team
and the way to work in team.

How to bring ideas into the implementation. How to work within the time constraints.

The process of gathering the information that is required to develop a software.

The ‘Online Shopping’ is designed to provide a web based application that would make viewing
and selection of a product easier. The user can then view the specification of each product. The
application can be used for any Ecommerce application. It is easy to use. Customers can view the
items that are added in the cart and also can remove the item from the cart. The application is
easy to use and interactive making online shopping a recreational activity for users. It has been
thoroughly tested and implemented.

The online shopping website in Nepal is an easy web based interface developed for its customers
for easy access of the products where visitor can use the website simply by creating their account
and logging in. It makes the shopping reliable and efficient by providing the specification of the
products, providing various options features and letting the users to update the cart as per their
wish either by removing the items from the cart or by adding the items into the cart.

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The customer can buy the variety of items. The user can view the items added by the retailers.
The users can add item in the cart as requirement also user can view and update the item in the
cart. Then user have to log in before checkout and after checkout user is taken to the billing
process.

5.2. Lesson Learnt

The internship program launched under BBA program is really an appreciable step taken by the
university which will surely be helpful and beneficial to all the BBA students to explore their
knowledge furthermore .But, the BBA course is not application oriented. This course doesn’t
deal with equipping student’s knowledge of any application program. Students learn about
various functionality of different business organization. What is seen is there are no such
companies which offer internship or job according to what they have learnt in four years.
Whatever companies here in Nepal, are application oriented. They built a website, mobile app,
SEO, software and web based systems etc. for their clients. There is no place where real
knowledge which we gain during four years could be fully utilized.

The course structure of BBA is research oriented. Students have a lot of knowledge for R&D
(Research & Development). But the companies are not risking taking any steps in R&D. Putting
hands in R&D involve huge risk factors. It requires huge investment and efficient manpower. It
can’t be guaranteed that the company will sustain and will be able to compete with rest of the
companies around the globe.

The companies are just focusing into maintaining and growing their customer base and bring
more projects. Companies are involved in outsourcing jobs. The IT market within the country is
very less. There are fewer places where IT products are sold, as the working procedure in Nepal
is still traditional involving pen and paper. So, absence companies working in computer science
R&D has caused lower exploration of our knowledge gained during four years.

5.3. Feedback to the organization

The vicious cycle of poor products and user’s dissatisfaction: Running an online store on a big
scale is quite a challenging business in Nepal. Unlike small stores set up on Facebook, you can’t
simply say “we can’t deliver your product there if someone from Kamalbinayak orders

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something. To stay in business and create a brand name online stores operate at a slim margin (if
any) or even at the break-even point for initial years. Like any trade-offs, there is a compromise
for that. To operate and survive in such a tough environment, online stores seem to over-promise
or sell inferior products now and often.

Also, they do everything to lure visitors to buy the product. For this, they need to present their
product in a fancy manner. When the users receive what they have ordered; the products won’t
meet their expectations because the portal displayed the product in the fanciest way possible
boasting the features and quality. This is a common experience among online shoppers of Nepal.
This dissatisfaction gave birth to the belief “its risk shopping online” and “they display
something and deliver something else”. This reduces the consumer’s confidence hence they
move away from online shopping. And the cycle continues.

Two ways to break this cycle:

a) Money; I mean a lot of money

Running an Ecommerce platform is not as easy and simple as many people think. Most
people overlook other aspects of the platform like delivery, customer handling, refunds,
payment management, product sourcing, and only think about the website/app aspect. A
good and sustainable online shop is a blend of all these and many other things. Almost all
of the Ecommerce platforms run at loss in the beginning. There are tons of things to set
up like delivery channels, websites, promotions, offers, etc. To grab a good customer
base, you need to operate at a tight margin initially. So, if you can pour money and create
a buzz around your marketplace, you can make it a success. The beast among all;
Amazon waited nine years to make a profit. One might aswell be prepared to burn some
cash initially.
However, if plan to sell niche products or services, you can expect to make profits from
the beginning.
b) Innovation
If you can bring something really exciting or new to the table, there are chances that you
start making a decent profit from the day of the launch of your platform. If one were to
start an Ecommerce platform, I would make a list of things that I could include in my
Ecommerce platform that stands out from the rest. Creating stunning website is not the

34
answers. Although User experience and Interface matter, there are other aspects that will
give more competitive advantages.

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