Modern Internal Auditing

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Modern Internal Auditing

This introduction talks about the origins of internal auditing. The information is not really key CBOK but important
background knowledge and history for today’s internal auditor.

Here we explain and expand the concept of a CBOK and why it is important to all internal auditors.

The review and assessment of internal controls are key internal audit activities. The four chapters in this part
describe internal controls reviews in terms of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOx) requirements and several internal
control frameworks.

This internal control framework has become the worldwide standard for assessing internal controls; every internal
auditor needs to understand the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) internal control framework model
and how to use it in assessments of internal controls.

SOx became the law in the United States in 2002 and has completely changed how we assess and measure internal
accounting controls almost worldwide. The chapter discusses the current status of SOx, including the newly released
AS 5 auditing standards, and those SOx elements that are particularly important to internal auditors.
Modern Internal Auditing
In our very IT-dependent world, internal auditors need a framework to help them to measure and assess internal
controls as part of their review efforts. The Control objectives for information and related T echnology (CobiT) tool is
important here, and all internal auditors should have a least a general understanding of this internal control
framework that is recognized worldwide.

Risk management is an important internal audit knowledge area, and internal auditors need to understand and
make use of the COSO Enterprise Risk Model (COSO ERM) as part of their internal audit planning and assessment
activities. The chapter describes this risk assessment framework and why it is important for internal auditors.

The five chapters in this part discuss some important general concepts and elements of the practice of modern
internal auditing, ranging from professional governing standards to assessing those areas in the enterprise that
should be candidates for internal audits.

This chapter contains a fundamental introduction on the overall practice of planning, performing, and completing an
effective internal audit. It describes the steps necessary to perform a review as an internal auditor.
Modern Internal Auditing
All internal auditors need to have an understanding of these standards issued by the Institute of Internal Auditors
(IIA). The chapter provides an overview of the more important elements of the standards and where to search for
more information.

A major activity in the internal audit process is to examine some record or artifact of audit evidence and then to
decide if it meets established audit review criteria. This is a basic internal audit knowledge area that must follow
internal auditing best practices.

Many areas in any enterprise are potential candidates for internal audit reviews, but internal auditors have a need to
pare the list down to what is generally known as an audit universe. The chapter provides some guidance developing
an audit universe schedule as well as information on how to build audit programs: the guides or actions steps
necessary to perform internal audits.

The IIA has developed extensive criteria for internal auditors to look at what they are doing at a specific time and to
assess that work. The chapter describes these processes

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