Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 14 views

    Enzymes and Its Components

    Uploaded by

    Critics Zhuech'fer
    all about enzymes and its componensts

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Enzymes and Its Components

    Uploaded by

    Critics Zhuech'fer
    14 views4 pages
    all about enzymes and its componensts

    Original Title

    ENZYMES-AND-ITS-COMPONENTS

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    all about enzymes and its componensts

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    14 views4 pages

    Enzymes and Its Components

    Uploaded by

    Critics Zhuech'fer
    all about enzymes and its componensts

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 4

    WHAT ARE ENZYMES AND ITS COMPONENTS

    What are enzymes?


    In 1833, a French Chemist Anselme Payen (1795-1871), was first to
    discover the vitak force that drove this reaction and named it "enzyme". Enzymes are
    typically proteins, although some are made of RNA molecules known as ribozymes.
    Components of Enzymes Enzymes are composed of two main components:
    1. Apoenzyme: This is the protein portion of the enzyme. It provides the basic
    structure and shape of the enzyme, which is crucial for its function.
    2. Cofactor: This is the non-protein component that is essential for the enzyme's
    activity. Cofactors can be either inorganic ions (e.g., metal ions like iron, magnesium,
    or zinc) or organic molecules known as coenzymes.
    Cofactor Types
    There are three main types of cofactors:
    Prosthetic groups: These are tightly bound to the enzyme and remain associated
    with it throughout its lifespan. An example is flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
    Coenzymes: These bind to the enzyme only during catalysis, meaning they are
    involved in the reaction but then detach. A common example is nicotinamide adenine
    dinucleotide (NAD+).
    Metal ions: Some enzymes require a specific metal ion at their active site for
    catalysis. These ions form coordinate bonds with the enzyme. Zinc ions (Zn2+) are a
    good example.
    ENZYMES CLASSIFICATION

    According to the International Union of Biochemists (I U B), enzymes


    are divided into six functional classes and are classified based on the type of
    reaction in which they are used to catalyze. The six kinds of enzymes are
    hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, ligases and isomerases.
    Listed below is the classification of enzymes discussed in detail:
    Types Biochemical Property

    The enzyme Oxidoreductase catalyzes the oxidation reaction


    Oxidoreductases where the electrons tend to travel from one form of a molecule to
    the other.

    The Transferases enzymes help in the transportation of the


    Transferases
    functional group among acceptors and donor molecules.

    Hydrolases are hydrolytic enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis


    Hydrolases
    reaction by adding water to cleave the bond and hydrolyze it.

    Adds water, carbon dioxide or ammonia across double bonds or


    Lyases
    eliminate these to create double bonds.

    The Isomerases enzymes catalyze the structural shifts present in a


    Isomerases
    molecule, thus causing the change in the shape of the molecule.

    The Ligases enzymes are known to charge the catalysis of a


    Ligases
    ligation process.

    MECHANISM OF ENZYME REACTION


    Any two molecules have to collide for the reaction to occur along with the right
    orientation and a sufficient amount of energy. The energy between these molecules
    needs to overcome the barrier in the reaction. This energy is called activation energy.
    1.The SUBSTRATE is a molecule on which an enzyme functions in biochemistry.
    Chemical processes involving the substrate(s) are catalysed by enzymes. The active
    site transforms the substrate into one or more products, which are then released.

    2.The ACTIVE SITE of an enzyme is the part of the enzyme where substrate
    molecules bind, and a chemical reaction takes place. The active site is made up of
    amino acid residues that establish temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site)
    as well as residues that catalyse that substrate's reaction (catalytic site).
    3.The mechanism of ENZYMATIC ACTION . An enzyme attracts substrates to its
    active site, catalyzes the chemical reaction by which products are formed, and then
    allows the products to dissociate (separate from the enzyme surface).

    4. The combination formed by an enzyme and its substrates is called the ENZYME–
    SUBSTRATE COMPLEX.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy