PROBLEM SET 4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TOOLS

LOPEZ, MARVIN A. MARCH 16, 2024

A. Students’ Scanning and Comprehension Skills

50 randomly selected students were tested their comprehension skills through the following
procedure. (1) Students were given a text materials to scan, (2) right after scanning, the students
answered a pre-test regarding the text materials, (3) students were able to read the text materials for one
last time thoroughly, and (4) students answer the pre-test. Through this process, finding the difference
and preparedness of the student towards comprehension will be identified.

B. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the respondents

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 27 54%
Female 23 47%

The data above shows the number of respondents who participated on a short intervention and
testing skills. The 50 respondents were selected randomly based on the official list of the school – SJCB.

Pre-test Score of the Respondents

Mean 5.06122449
Standard Error 0.192124188
Median 5
Mode 5
Standard Deviation 1.344869313
Sample Variance 1.808673469
Kurtosis -0.870737095
Skewness 0.098605201
Range 5
Minimum 3
 Maximum 8
Sum 248
Count 49
Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.386291569
The table above shows the descriptive statistics of the pre-test of the students. (raw data score is
at the last page of this paper)

Post-test Score of the respondents

Mean 6.714285714
Standard Error 0.139849287
Median 7
Mode 7
Standard Deviation 0.97894501
Sample Variance 0.958333333
Kurtosis -0.440717742
Skewness -0.079377112
Range 4
Minimum 5
Maximum 9
Sum 329
Count 49
Confidence Level(95.0%) 0.281185838
The table above shows the descriptive statistics of the post-test of the students. (raw data score
is at the last page of this paper)

C. Analysis Tool – Microsoft Excel

Analysis tool that was used to interpret the data above is Microsoft Excel. Although Excel is
common analysis tool, it is very much accessible for anyone to use and analyse data that you have
gathered. It does not require much complicated understanding about the data you need to analyse. Since
the point of this paper is to see the difference on the means score of the respondents form pre-test to
post-test which is also available to excel, it would not be hard to interpret it.

D. Statistical Treatment – T-test

6 7
Mean 5.06122449 6.714285714
Variance 1.808673469 0.958333333
Observations 49 49
Pearson Correlation 0.250925802
Hypothesized Mean Difference 0
df 48
t Stat -7.973107808
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.20906E-10
t Critical one-tail 1.677224196
P(T<=t) two-tail 2.41812E-10
t Critical two-tail 2.010634758

E. Given the fact that we are English majors and I personally have difficulty on numbers, but the previous
weeks had been different. I have learned how to compute data and interpret it. I have broadened my
knowledge in the two types of hypotheses which are alternative and null hypothesis. I have learned that
not all research questions need hypothesis. Moreover, I have also learned whether to use one-tailed test
or two-tailed test. One-tailed test is used when you want to know if one is higher than another and two-
tailed test is used when you want to know if you want to know if there is significant difference between
one and another. In conclusion, I have learned and appreciated how vital it is to know computing data
manually and with that I have learned how to love the numbers.
Raw Data Score

Respondents Age Gender Pre-test Post-test

1 18 M 6 7
2 19 M 6 8
3 17 M 5 7
4 18 M 6 6
5 16 M 4 5
6 17 f 6 7
7 18 F 4 6
8 18 M 5 8
9 17 F 5 6
10 19 M 4 5
11 17 F 7 7
12 17 F 4 6
13 17 M 3 8
14 18 M 3 7
15 18 M 5 8
16 19 F 6 7
17 17 M 4 7
18 16 F 8 8
19 16 F 4 7
20 16 M 7 7
21 17 M 3 7
22 17 M 3 7
23 17 M 6 6
24 16 f 5 7
25 16 F 7 7
26 16 M 5 6
27 17 F 6 7
28 18 M 5 6
29 18 F 4 5
30 19 F 7 7
31 17 F 4 5
32 17 F 5 5
33 18 F 3 7
34 18 F 5 6
35 18 M 6 6
36 17 M 4 6
37 17 M 3 6
38 18 F 5 5
39 18 M 6 6
40 18 F 3 7
41 17 F 6 6
42 17 M 4 7
43 18 M 6 7
44 16 M 7 7
45 18 F 5 8
46 17 M 7 8
47 18 M 5 7
48 18 F 4 8
49 17 M 6 9
50 17 F 7 8