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General knowledge
Topic:

Provinces of Pakistan
Pakistan (provinces and neighboring countries with their capitals, rivers, deserts,
emblem etc.

Subdivision[6] Status Capital[7]

Baluchistan Province Quetta

Islamabad Capital
Federal Territory Islamabad
Territory

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Peshawar

Punjab Province Lahore

Sindh Province Karachi

Neighbouring countries of Pakistan

Pakistan shares its borders with four neighboring countries:

1. India - to the east

2. Afghanistan - to the northwest
3. Iran - to the southwest
4. China - to the north
Additionally, Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea to the south.
Pakistan is bordered by four sovereign states, all of which are republics:

1. The Islamic Republic of Iran.

2. The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
3. The Republic of India.
4. The People’s Republic of China.

 It shares a land border with all of the above, of which the largest border is with
India, covering two provinces and one sovereign state.
Pakistan has direct border of 6774 km with its neighbors.
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 In the east Pakistan has a border of 2912 km with India. There are always
security issues on border with India and resulted in wars.
 In the west Pakistan shares border with Afghanistan which is called Durand
line. Durand line is 2430 km long border named after sir Mortimer
Durand who established it after an agreement with Abdu Rahman Khan .
Pakistan also has border with Iran in the west which is 909 km long the neighboring
countries of Pakistan are:

1. Afghanistan to the northwest and west.

2. Iran to the southwest.

3. India to the east and northeast.

4. China to the northeast.

5. The Arabian Sea to the south, providing access to the Indian Ocean.

Geographically,

. In the south west, Pakistan bordered Iran which is in middle east.

. In the north west, Pakistan bordered Afghanistan which is semi central Asian country.

. On the north, Pakistan bordered China which is in east Asia.

. In the east, Pakistan bordered India which is in south Asia.

. On the south is Arabian sea where Pakistan ends sea with Iran and Oman

Rivers in Pakistan

Pakistan Length Source Bridges Nearby Cities

Rivers
Names

1. River 725 km Pir Panjal Kohala Bridge, Zero New Mirpur City,
Jhelum Range Bridge, Jhelum Muzaffarabad, Jhang,
Bridge, Abdullah Srinagar, Baramulla,
Bridge Anantnag, Sopore,
Pampore, Awantipora

2. River 960 km Baralacha La Chenab Rail Bridge, Kot Mithan, Sialkot

Chenab Pass Old Chund Bridge,
Chiniot Bridge
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3. River 720 Chamba Basohli Bridge Lahore, Pathankot,

Ravi km Kamalia

4. River 1,450 Mount Sutlej Bridge Amritsar

Sutlej km Kailash

5. River 3,180 Senge – Leh, Skardu, Dasu,

Indus km Zangbu, Besham, Thakot
Tibetan
Plateau, Gar
River

River Jhelum

There are several lakes attached to the River Jhelum. The lakes include:

 Wular Lake
 Dal Lake
 Manasbal Lake
 Gangabal Lake
 Nigeen Lake
 Anchar Lake
The Potential of River Jhelum

River Jhelum has a high potential for power generation. In this regard, the
government has taken steps to construct the following dams on the river.

 Mangla Dam, completed in 1967, is one of the largest earth-fill dams in

Pakistan, with a storage capacity of 5,900,000 acre-feet (7.3 km3)
 Rasul Barrage, constructed in 1967, has a maximum flow of 850,000 ft³/s (24,000
m³/s).
 Trimmu Barrage, constructed in 1939 some 20 km from Jhang Sadar at the
confluence with the Chenab, has a maximum discharge capacity of 645,000 ft³/s
(18,000 m³/s).
 Haranpur (Victoria Bridge) was Constructed in 1933, Approximately 5 km from
Malakwal near Chak Nizam Village. Its length is 1 km mainly used by Pakistan
Railways, but there is a passage for light vehicles, motorcycles, cycles, and
pedestrians on one side.
 Uri Dam, with a 480 MW Hydroelectric station, is in Jammu and Kashmir state.
 Kishanganga Hydroelectric Plant 330 MW Hydroelectric station is located in
Jammu and Kashmir state.
River Jhelum is located in northern India and eastern Pakistan, and it passes through
the Kashmir Valley. River Chenab
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River Chenab, just like River Jhelum, is split between India and Pakistan. It rises in
the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh state,
India, and flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains
of Punjab, Pakistan, before flowing into the Indus River near the city of Uch Sharif.
Jhelum and Ravi join Chenab, Beas joins Sutlej, and then Sutlej and Chenab join to
form Panjnad near Uch SharifThe combined stream runs southwest for
approximately 45 miles and joins the Indus River at Mithankot. The Indus
continues into the Arabian Sea.
River Ravi
River Ravi is a river located in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is also
one of six rivers of the Indus System in Punjab. River Ravi also plays an important
role in the vegetation in Pakistan. It is responsible for deodar, walnut, Quercus
ilex, mulberry, alder, edible pine, twisted cypress, chinar, Cedrela serata, sisso,
olive, and Kakkar.
River Sutlej
River Sutlej is the longest river in Pakistan that flows from the Punjab province.
It is a transboundary river located in northern India and Pakistan. River Sutlej is
also known as Satadree in the local language. The source of the Sutlej is west of
the catchment area of Lake Rakshastal in Tibet.
River Sutlej accounts for many hydropower projects in Pakistan. The projects
include the 1,325 MW Bhakra Dam, the 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo
Hydroelectric Plant, and the 1,500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam. River Indus
River Indus is also known as the Sindhu River. The Indus River was known to the
ancient Indians in Sanskrit as Sindhu and the Persians as Hindu which was
regarded by both of them as “the border river”. It is one of the largest rivers in the
whole of Asia.

The river passes through China (western Tibet), India (Ladakh), and Pakistan. The river
runs a course through the Ladakh region of India towards Gilgit-Baltistan and then
merges with the Arabian Sea.

River Indus

is also known as the Sindhu River. The Indus River was known to the ancient Indians in
Sanskrit as Sindhu and the Persians as Hindu which was regarded by both of them as
“the border river”. It is one of the largest rivers in the whole of Asia.

The river passes through China (western Tibet), India (Ladakh), and Pakistan. The river
runs a course through the Ladakh region of India towards Gilgit-Baltistan and then
merges with the Arabian Sea.
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Desert in Pakistan

Top 5 Famous Deserts of Pakistan

Following are the top 5 famous deserts of Pakistan:

1. Thar Desert
2. Thal Desert
3. Cholistan Desert
4. Katpana Desert (Cold Desert)
5. Kharan Desert

1) Thar Desert

 Thar desert is the biggest desert in Pakistan.

 It is also known as the Great Indian Desert and is one of the largest deserts on
earth.

 The biggest desert in Pakistan covers an area of 175,000 square kilometers and
spans over India and Pakistan.

 It is the only subtropical desert in Asia. 85% of the desert area is in India, and
the rest is in Pakistan.

2) Thal Desert
 The Thal desert is situated in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
 Located near the Pothohar Plateau, the area is length of approximately 190 miles
(306 km) with a maximum breadth of 70 miles (113 km).
 It is bound by the piedmont of the northern Salt Range, the Indus River flood
plains in the west, and the Jhelum and Chenab River floodplains in the east.
3) Cholistan Desert
 The Cholistan Desert, also known as the Rohi Desert among the locals, is located
in the southern region of Pakistan.
 The name is derived from the Turkic word chol, meaning “sands”, and is, a
Persian suffix meaning “land of”.
 Cholistan covers an area of 25,800 km2 (10,000 sq mi) in the Bahawalpur,
Bahawalnagar, and Rahim Yar Khan districts of southern Punjab.
 The nearest major city is Bahawalpur city, 30 km (19 mi) from the edge of the
desert.
 The desert is about 480 kilometers in length, with a width varying between 32 and
192 kilometers.
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 81% of the desert is sandy, while 19% is characterized by alluvial flats and small
sandy dunes.
4) Katpana Desert - Cold Desert
 Katpana desert is one of the marvelous deserts in Pakistan.
 Katpana is also known as the Cold Desert of the country with its high altitude.
 Cold Desert is located in the renowned tourist point Skardu, northern Gilgit
Baluchistan.
 The desert is full of surprises as it comprises sand’s giant dunes covered in snow
in winter.
 Cold Desert is one of its kind deserts of Pakistan map. It is located at 7,303 feet
(2,226 meters) above sea level. It is one of the highest deserts in Pakistan.
5) Kharan Desert
 The Kharan Desert is a sandy and mountainous desert situated in Balochistan
province in south-western Pakistan.
 This desert was the site of Pakistan's second nuclear test, Chagai-II, which was
carried out on 30 May 1998.
 The land is not fit for agriculture due to low irrigation. The occupation is mainly
agriculture and farming. The terrain is mainly dry, gray-brown sand that stretches
out.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1) How many deserts are there in

Pakistan hosts five deserts which were historically forests.
Pakistan?
2) Which is the hottest desert of Pakistan?
The Cholistan desert is among the hottest deserts of Pakistan.
3) Which is the largest desert in Pakistan?
Thar desert is the hottest desert in Pakistan.
4) Which is the largest desert in
Asia?
The Arabian Desert is the largest in Asia.
5) Which is the largest desert in the world?
Antarctica desert is the largest desert in the world.

The State Emblem of Pakistan

The State Emblem of Pakistan, which was approved by the
Central Government in 1954, symbolises Pakistan’s ideological
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foundation, its cultural heritage, the guiding principles and the basis of its economic
strength.
The four ingredients of the Emblem are:

 The crescent and star crest at the top is a traditional symbol of Islam
 The shield in the centre, with four partitions, shows cotton, wheat, tea and jute.
These are the main crops of Pakistan and signify the strong agriculture-based
economy
 The wreath surrounding the shield is a reproduction of the floral designs used in
traditional Mughal art. Its inclusion in the design reminds of the nation’s cultural
heritage
 The scroll supporting the shield carries the Urdu version of Quaid-e-Azam’s
famous motto — “Faith”, “Unity”, “Discipline”. These three words articulate the
guiding principles for the nation.

List of other national symbols

Title Symbol Image Notes

Muham Muhammad Ali

Fath mad Ali
Jinnah (born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai;
25 December 1876 – 11 September
er of Jinnah [20 1948) was a barrister, politician and the
the ][29]
founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served
Natio as the leader of the All-India
n Muslim League from 1913 until
the inception of Pakistan on 14 August
(
1947, and then as the Dominion of
Q
u Pakistan's first Governor-
a
i
General until his death. He is revered
in Pakistan as the Quaid-i-Azam ("Great
d
- Leader") and Baba-i-Qaum ("Father
e of the Nation").
-
A As the first Governor-General of
z Pakistan, Jinnah worked to
a establish the new nation's
m government and policies, and to
) aid the millions of Muslim
migrants who had emigrated
from neighbouring India to
Pakistan after the two states'
independence
8|Page

Moth Fatima Fatima Jinnah widely known as Māder-e

Millat ("Mother of the Nation"), was a
er of h Pakistani politician, dental surgeon,
the Jinnah [30 stateswoman, and one of the

Natio
]
leading founders of Pakistan. She
was the younger sister
n of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the
(
founder and the first Governor
M
a General of Pakistan. then-
d
a
President of Pakistan.
r Her legacy is associated with her
- support for civilrights, her
i
- struggle in the Pakistan
M Movement and her devotion
i to her brother. Referred to
l
l as Māder-e Millat ("Mother
a of the Nation") and Khātūn-
t e Pākistān ("Lady of Pakistan"),
)
many institutions and
public spaces in Pakistan
have been named in her honour.

Natio Muham Sir Muhammad Iqbal was a South

nal mad Asian Muslim writer, philoso
poet Iqbal [20]
pher, and politician, whose poetry
in the Urdu language is among the
greatest of the twentieth century. Iqbal is
widely commemorated in Pakistan,
where he is regarded as the ideological
founder of the state. His birthday is
annually commemorated in Pakistan
as Iqbal Day, and until 2018 it was
also a public holiday.

State Islam [31] Islam in Pakistan existed in

communities along the Arab coastal
religi trade routes in Sindh as soon as the
on religion originated and had gained early
acceptance in the Arabian Peninsula.
The connection between the Sind
and Islam was established by the
initial Muslim missions during
the Rashidun Caliphate. The
mosque is an important religious as well
as social institution in Pakistan. Many
9|Page
rituals and ceremonies are celebrated
according to Islamic calendar.
Pakistan was created as a
separate state for Indian Muslims
in British India in 1947, and
followed the parliamentary form
of democracy. In 1949, the
first Constituent
Assembly of
Pakistan passed
the Objectives
Resolution which envisaged
an official role for Islam as the
state religion to make sure any
future law should not violate its
basic teachings. In 1956, the
elected parliament formally
adopted the name Islamic
Republic of Pakistan, declaring
Islam as the official religion.

Natio Urdu [32]

Urdu is an Indo-Aryan
nal language spoken chiefly in South
langu Asia. It is the official national
age language and lingua
( franca of Pakistan. Urdu is the
l sole national, and one of the two official
languages of Pakistan (along
i with English). It is spoken and
n understood throughout the country. Its
g official status has meant that Urdu is
understood and spoken widely
u throughout Pakistan as a second or third
a language. It is used
in education, literature, office
f and court business.

r
a
n
c
a
)
10 | P a g e

Natio Comm In Pakistan, jasmine is a very common

plant and one can find it in any garden.
nal on Because of its attractive scent, the white
flowe jasmine jasmine symbolizes attachment and
[31][33] represents amiability and modesty;
r therefore, jasmine was named the
national flower of Pakistan.[34]

Natio Himala Cedrus deodara is a species of cedar

native to the western
nal yan
tree cedar Himalayan and the Hindu
(Deodar)[31] Kush ranges in northern Pakistan
[33]
(especially in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa). It is considered to
be the national tree of Pakistan.
Natio Mango [3 Mango is highly cultivated in Pakistan
1] (especially in
nal the Punjab and Sindh provinces).
fruit Some of the most popular cities for their
production
include: Multan, Bahawalpur, M
uzaffargarh, Khanewal, Sahi
wal, Sadiqabad, Vehari,
and Rahim Yar Khan. Mirpur
Khas, Hyderabad and Thatta.
Dera Ismail
Khan, Peshawar and Mardan.
Nationa Lady
l
vegetab Finger [35]

le

Natio Markho The Markhor is the national animal of

Pakistan. The Markhor is the largest of
nal r [36][33]
the goat family and is commonly found in
anim the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The
name Markhor translates to “snake
al eater” in Persian, for the Markhor
holds great skill at killing snakes in the
wild to protect its harem. Despite their
large size, Markhors are extremely
skilled climbers. Conservation efforts
from wildlife NGOs like Save Our
Species and WCS Pakistan were then
put into action. Thanks to these
initiatives, the majestic mammal
11 | P a g e
gradually began to rebound.
Natio Indus
nal river
aqua dolphin [

31]
tic
mari
ne
mam
mal
Natio Snow
nal leopard [

31]
pred
ator

Natio Chukar The national bird of Pakistan is Chukar

partridge. They are commonly known as
nal partridg Chakor and it is a Eurasian upland
bird e [31][33]
game bird in the pheasant
family Phasianidae. The chukar
sometimes symbolizes intense, and often
unrequited, love. It is said to be in love
with the moon and to gaze at it
constantly. Because of their pugnacious
behaviour during the breeding season
they are kept in some areas as fighting
birds. In short, Chukar partridge have a
huge reason to be the National bird
symbol of Pakistan.[37]
State Shahee The Peregrine falcon is actually a
symbolic icon of the Pakistani Air
bird n
falcon [31] Force and is considered by many to
be the state bird.[38]

Natio Mahse
nal er
fish (Himala
yan
golden
mahse
er) [39][40]
12 | P a g e

Natio Indus
nal Crocodi
reptil le [31]

Natio Field Field Martial Ayub

nal hockey [
Khan's arrival in 1958 proved to be
33]
sport not only one of the most significant
determining factors behind
declaring hockey as this new nation's
national sport but also brought in a new
wave of enthusiasm for the sport as he
emphasized on it more than football or
cricket.[41]
Natio Faisal The Faisal Mosque was conceived as
the National Mosque of Pakistan and
nal Mosqu named after the late King
Faisal
mosq e [42][43]
bin Abdul-Aziz of Saudi
ue Arabia, who supported and financed
the project. It was completed in 1986.
[44]
The largest mosque in Pakistan, the
Faisal Mosque was the largest mosque
in the world from 1986 until 1993.

Natio Minar- This tower marks Pakistan’s

nal e- resolution (Lahore Resolution) that
tower Pakista marked the first step in the history of
creation of Pakistan. Its construction
n began in 1960, and finished in 8 years to
(Minare be completed in October 1968. This
national monument draws its three steps
t of symptomatic of the three stages of the
Pakistan) challenges and successes in the
[45]
independence of Pakistan. The floral
inscriptions at the base of this Minar
shows the text of the Pakistan Resolution
that solidified Iqbal’s dreams and
Jinnah’s struggle.
13 | P a g e

Natio Pakista This national monument, consisting of

four large petals and three small petals,
nal n is symbolic of the four provinces
mon Monum (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber
ume ent [46][47]
Pakhtunkwa, Balochistan)
nt and AJK, Gilgit-Baltistan,
and FATA. The blossoming flower as
a whole is also a bode and prayer to a
progressing Pakistan. The inner walls of
these granite petals are decorated with
murals, that are primarily based on
Islamic art. This monument is a symbol
and reminder of the history and heritage
of Pakistan, the sacrifices that went into
its creation, and the culture that makes it
Pakistan.[48]
Natio Pakista Pakistan Day or Pakistan Resolution
Day, also Republic Day, is
nal n Day [49]
a national
days Indepe holiday in Pakistan commemorati
ndence ng the Lahore
Day [11]
Resolution passed on 23 March
1940 and the adoption of the
first constitution of Pakistan.
Independence Day is observed
annually on 14 August, is
a national
holiday in Pakistan. It
commemorates the day when
Pakistan achieved independence
and was declared
a sovereign state following
the end of the British Raj in
1947.

Natio Shalwa Shalwar kameez is the national clothing

of Pakistan worm by both men and
nal r women. The clothing is worn in all
clothi kamee provinces of Pakistan. Every province
may have its own special intricate pattern
ng z[50]
or design that may be available as well.
14 | P a g e

Natio K2 [31] K2 Also known as Mount Godwin-Austen

or Chhogori Consider As The National
nal Mountain of Pakistan. It is the Second
mou Highest Mountain in the World and the
highest in Pakistan. It's located on the
ntain Pak-China border in the Pakistani
administrated region of Gilgit
Baltistan.
Natio Mazar- Mazar-e-Quaid, also known as
Jinnah Mausoleum or the National
nal e- Mausoleum, is the final resting place of
maus Quaid [48] Quaid-e-Azam ("Great Leader")
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder
oleu of Pakistan.
m

Natio PIA [51] PIA is the national airline of Pakistan

operating in all provinces of Pakistan
nal along with Gilgit Baltistan and Azad
airlin Kashmir.

e
Natio Sugarc
nal ane
drink juice [52]

Natio Daf [53][54] Daf is commonly known as the national

instrument of Pakistan.
nal
instru
ment

Natio Pakista The Pakistani rupee has been the

official currency of Pakistan since
nal ni 1948. The coins and notes are issued
curre Rupee ( and controlled by the central bank,
ncy PKR) [35]
15 | P a g e

namely State Bank of

Pakistan.
Natio Indus Indus River is the national river of
Pakistan. Indus River is the largest river
nal River [35]
in Pakistan. The river has two principle
river tributaries in Pakistan, the Kabul
river, and the Panjnad river—
which in turn is formed by successive
confluences of the five Punjab rivers,
of which
four: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi,
and Sutlej flow through Pakistan.

Natio Biryani/ Both Biryani and Nihari are equally

considered to be the national dishes of
nal Nihari [55]
Pakistan respectively; although, they are
dishe yet to be verified.[55]

Natio Gulab Gulab jamun (also spelled gulaab jamun)

is a milk-solid-based sweet and a type of
nal Jamun [5
mithai.It is made mainly from milk solids,
6]
confe traditionally from khoya, which is milk
ction reduced to the consistency of a soft
dough.
ary

Natio Green a
nal nd white [

35]
colou
rs
16 | P a g e

Natio Coat of
nal Arms of
coat Pakista
of n[35]

arms

Natio Nationa The National Archives of Pakistan is a

body established by the Government of
nal l Pakistan for the purpose of preserving
archi Archive and making available public and private
records which have bearings on the
ves s of history, culture and heritage of Pakistan.
Pakista
n[35]

Natio Nationa The National Library of Pakistan is the

national and the research library located
nal l in the vicinity of the Islamabad.
librar Library
y of
Pakista
n[35]

Natio Nationa The National Museum of Pakistan is the

national collection of history located
nal l in Karachi.
muse Museu
um m of
Pakista
n
17 | P a g e

Natio Cinema The Cinema of Pakistan refers to

the filmmaking
nal of
cine Pakista industry in Pakistan. Pakistan is
home to several film studios centres,
ma n[57]
primarily located in its two largest cities
(Lollyw - Karachi and Lahore. Pakistani
ood) cinema has played an important part
in Pakistani culture and in recent
years has begun flourishing again after
years of decline, delivering entertainment
to audiences
in Pakistan and expatriates abro
ad.

Five senses
Use the word from the box and write:
Sticky loud Sweet beautiful bad soft
Strong bitter bad

1. The glue feels__________________.

2. The coffee tastes_______________.

3. The flowers look_________________.

4. The cake tastes __________________.
5. The drum sound__________________.
6. The Towel feels __________________.
7. The paint smells ____________________.
8. The garbage smells____________________.
Fill in the correct words:
1. This is a sense of

2. This is a sense of

This is a sense of ______________

18 | P a g e

3.

4.
5.

Healthy and Junk food

Junk foods refer to foods that contain a lot of calories, but have little nutritional value.
These foods are high in calories, fat, sugar, salt, and processed carbohydrates, but low in
nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fiber.

10 harmful effects of eating junk food

1. Cardiovascular problems
2. High cholesterol
3. Diabetes
4. Kidney damage
5. Obesity
6. Liver disease
7. Cancer
8. Dental cavities
9. Depression
10.Skin problems

Pyramid

Pyramid Shape

A pyramid is a three-dimensional shape, with a polygonal base and flat triangular faces,
which join at a common point called the apex.
Each edge of the base is connected to the apex, and forms the triangular face, called the
lateral face. If a pyramid has an
n-sided base, then it has n+1 faces,
n+1 vertices, and 2n edges.
19 | P a g e

Types Of Pyramids
Based on the shape of the base, the pyramid is classified into different types. Now, let us
discuss the different types of pyramid shape one by one.

1. Triangular Pyramid

If the base of the pyramid is in a triangular shape (base with 3 sides), then the pyramid
is called a triangular pyramid. As the triangle has 3 sides, then the triangular pyramid has
the following properties:

No. of Faces = (3+1) = 4

No. of Vertices: (3+1) = 4

No. of Edges: 2(3) = 6

2. Square Pyramid
If the base of the pyramid is in the shape of a square (base with 4 sides), then it is called
a square pyramid. As the square has 4 sides, then the square pyramid has the following
properties:

No. of Faces: (4+1) = 5

No. of Vertices: (4+1) = 5

No. of Edges: 2(4) = 8

3. Pentagonal Pyramid

If the base of the pyramid is in the shape

of a pentagon (base with 5 sides), then it
is called a pentagonal pyramid. As the pentagon has 5
sides, then the pentagonal pyramid has the following
properties:
20 | P a g e

No. of Faces: (5+1) =6

No. of Vertices: (5+1) =6

No. of Edges: 2(5) = 10

4. Right Pyramid Vs Oblique Pyramid

 Right Pyramid:
The apex of this pyramid is exactly over the middle of the base, hence named as Right
Pyramid.

 Oblique Pyramid

The apex of this pyramid is not exactly over the middle of

its base and named as Oblique Pyramid.

 Regular vs Irregular Pyramid

To distinguish between regular and irregular Pyramid, you need to consider the shape of
the base. If the base of a polygon is regular, it is labelled as Regular Pyramid, else it is
considered as Irregular Pyramid. The figure given below illustrates the regular pyramid

and an irregular pyramid Regular

Irregular

Pyramid Formulas

The standard formula to find the surface area and the volume of the pyramid are given
as follows:
21 | P a g e

The total surface area of a pyramid is the sum of the base area and half the product of
the base perimeter and the slant height.

Thus,

The Total Surface Area of Pyramid = (½)Pl +B square units

Where,

“P” is the perimeter of the base

“l” is the slant height

“B” is the base area.

The general form to find the volume of the pyramid is one-third of the base area and the
height of the pyramid.

Thus,

The volume of the pyramid = (⅓)× (Base Area) ×(Height) Cubic units.

Solved Examples on Pyramid

Example 1:

Find the volume of the square pyramid, if its base area is 56 cm 2 and its height is 9 cm.

Solution:

Given:

The base area of the square pyramid = 56 cm2

Height = 9 cm

Thus, the volume of the square pyramid = (⅓) (Base area) (Height) cubic units

Now, substitute the values in the formula, we get

The volume of a square pyramid = (⅓) (56)(9)

V = (56)(3)

V= 168 cm3
22 | P a g e

Hence, the volume of the square pyramid is 168 cm3.

Example 2:

Find the total surface area of the square pyramid if each side of the base measures 16
cm, and the slant height is 17 cm, and the altitude is 15 cm.

Solution:

Given:

As the base is a square, the perimeter of the base is 4 times 16 cm

P = 4(16)

P = 64 cm

The area of the base = a2

B = 162 = 256 cm2

We know, that the total surface area of the square pyramid is (½)Pl +B square units

Substituting the values in the given formula, we get

The total surface area of the square pyramid = [(½)(64)(17)] + (256)

TSA = 544 + 256

TSA = 800 cm2

Hence, the total surface area of the square pyramid is 800 cm2.

Frequently Asked Questions on Pyramid

Q1What is the pyramid?

A pyramid is a three-dimensional shape, with a polygonal base and flat triangular faces,
which join at a common point called the apex.
Q2What are the different types of the pyramid?
Based on the shape of the base of the pyramid, the pyramid is classified as a triangular
pyramid, square pyramid, pentagonal pyramid, and so on.
Q3Explain the right and oblique pyramid?
If the apex of the pyramid is directly above the Centre of the base, it is called the right
pyramid. Otherwise, the pyramid is called the oblique pyramid.
Q4Explain the regular and irregular pyramid?
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If the base of the pyramid is a regular polygon, the pyramid is a regular pyramid.
Otherwise, it is called an irregular pyramid.
Q5What is the general formula to find the volume of a pyramid?
The volume of a pyramid is one-third of the product of the base area and the height of
the pyramid.

Facts about the Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 Exposition Universally, which
was to celebrate the 100th year anniversary of the French Revolution.

1. Location: ............................... Paris, France

2. People: .................................. Entrepreneur: Gustave Eiffel
3. Engineers: Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier
4. Architect: Stephen Sauvestre
5. Materials: .............................. Wrought iron with stonework pedestals
6. Construction: ..................... Started January 1887 –
7. completed March 1889
8. Number of iron parts: ... 18,038
9. Weight: ................................... Iron structure: 8,047 tons (7,300 metric tons)
10.Total structure: 11,133 tons (10,100 metric tons)

11.Height: ................................... Initial height: 1,024 feet (312 meters)

12.(To the top of the flagpole) – Current height (including antennas):
13.1,063 feet (324 meters)
14.Cost of construction: .... 7,799,401.31 French gold francs (1889)
15.The Eiffel Tower almost wasn't built.
16.There's a penthouse apartment at the top.
17.Gustave Eiffel didn't actually design it.
18.The Eiffel Tower was supposed to be torn down.
19.It was almost destroyed during World War II.
20.There's a Statue of Liberty connection.
21.The Eiffel Tower has housed a post office and a theater
From 1889 to Today
22.The tower’s 18,038 individual iron parts are held together by a total of 2,500,000
rivets.

It took two years, two months, and five days to complete the ©Wikipedi
tower a
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23.The Eiffel tower is open 365 days a year and welcomes almost seven million
visitors annually.
24.If the 8,047 tons (7,300 metric tons) of the metal structure were melted down, it
would fill the 125-metersquare base to a depth of only 2.36 inches (6
centimeters).
25.The position of each of the 2,500,000 rivet holes was specified to within 0.04 inch
(0.1 millimeter).
26.The Eiffel tower is repainted every seven years. It takes twenty-five painters
between fifteen and eighteen months to complete the work.
27.The tower remains the tallest structure in Paris, and from 1889 to 1930 was the
tallest structure in the world.
28.The tower sways slightly in the wind. During a storm in 1999, it moved
approximately 5.12 inches (13 centimeters) from its initial position.
29.The tower can be affected by heat. When a part of the structure is exposed to the
sun it expands, causing the tower to lean as much as 7.08 inches (18 centimeters).
30.In order to enhance the impression of height, three separate colors of paint are
used on the tower, with the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at the top.

recycling and conservation