Cosc405 Assignment

AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE.
TITLE OF THE ASSIGNMENT:
1. GIVE A DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE INNER WORKINGS OF WEB
BROWSER.
2. IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF A BROWSER AND GIVE DETAIL
DESCRIPTION (WITH DIAGRAMS) OF THEIR FUNCTIONS
COURSE TITLE: WEB APPLICA TION ENGIREENING II
COURSE CODE: COSC 405
LECTURER’S NAME: MAL. IBRAHIM UMAR ENESI
BY
MA’ARUF MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHI
U19CS2011
1
What is a web browser?
A web browser is an application that serves as a gateway interface between the
user and the server. It loads and compiles the results from the server in the form
of an HTML web page and paints it on the screen of the user. It is basically an
interaction tool for using the internet.
A web browser helps us find any information available on the internet in the form
of texts, photos, and videos. Examples of web browsers are Chrome (one of the
most popular browsers used all over the world), Firefox, Safari, Edge, Brave, and
many more.
Inner Workings of The Web:

1. Client-Server Architecture: The client (browser) sends a request to a server
for a specific resource. The server processes the request and sends back the
requested resource. This architecture enables the separation of concerns, allowing
for scalable and efficient handling of web requests.
2. HTTP/HTTPS Protocols: HTTP is a stateless protocol that governs the

communication between the client and the server. HTTPS, an extension of HTTP,
adds a layer of encryption using SSL/TLS, ensuring secure data transfer. It
protects against eavesdropping and tampering of data during transmission.
3. DNS (Domain Name System): The DNS translates human-readable domain

names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses. This translation is crucial for
the browser to locate the server hosting the desired web content. DNS operates in
a hierarchical structure, with different levels of DNS servers working together to
resolve domain names.
2
4. Web Servers: Web servers store and serve web content in response to client
requests. When a browser sends a request for a specific resource, the web server
processes the request and returns the corresponding HTML, CSS, or other files.
Popular web servers include Apache, Nginx, and Microsoft IIS.
5. Web Browsers: Browsers act as user interfaces to access and interact with
web content. They interpret HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and render web pages
for users. Browsers also store cookies, cache, and user preferences.
6. HTML/CSS/JavaScript: HTML provides the structure of a web page, CSS

defines its presentation, and JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic behavior.
These technologies work together to create a rich and interactive user experience.
7. Rendering Engines: Rendering engines convert HTML and CSS into a visual
representation on the screen. They parse HTML to create the Document Object
Model (DOM) and apply styles from CSS to create a render tree. The render tree
is then laid out on the screen, and scripts (JavaScript) manipulate the DOM for
dynamic content updates.
The Components of a Browser.
 The user interface of a browser is designed such that it allows

personalization, as every individual has different interests. This
personalization is achieved by providing basic features like groups,
collections, bookmarks, and themes. Each browser can have a different user
interface and features.
3
 Browser Engine: The browser engine is responsible for coordinating web
content that is fetched from the server and user interactions. It keeps a note of
which button is clicked, which URL is asked to parse, and how the web
content will be processed and displayed on the browser.
4
 Rendering Engine: The rendering engine, on the other hand, interprets and
renders web content. In most browsers, both the browser engine and the
rendering engine work together in order to provide better results to the user.
 Networking Layer: This layer handles the communication part. When the
user enters or clicks on a URL, the network layer initiates an HTTP request to
the web server to load the requested web page. It also manages fetching
resources from HTML files, images, stylesheets, and more. Have you seen
those cookie notifications while searching for information on the internet?
Mostly, the network layer works behind the scenes for those cookies and
cache.
5
 JavaScript Engine: The JavaScript Engine is the core component of browser
architecture, with the ability to manipulate web content and introduce dynamic
behavior in web pages.
 Data Storage: A large part of the browser goes into storing various types of
data, which include not only user preferences, browsing history, passwords,
and other regular data updates as well (address, name, and contact).
6
 UI backend: The UI backend provides dynamic and interactive behavior on
the web page and enhances the overall functionality and performance of the
browser.

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AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.

FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE.

TITLE OF THE ASSIGNMENT:

1. GIVE A DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE INNER WORKINGS OF WEB

2. IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF A BROWSER AND GIVE DETAIL

DESCRIPTION (WITH DIAGRAMS) OF THEIR FUNCTIONS

COURSE TITLE: WEB APPLICA TION ENGIREENING II

COURSE CODE: COSC 405

LECTURER’S NAME: MAL. IBRAHIM UMAR ENESI

MA’ARUF MUHAMMAD ABDULLAHI

Inner Workings of The Web:

2. HTTP/HTTPS Protocols: HTTP is a stateless protocol that governs the

3. DNS (Domain Name System): The DNS translates human-readable domain

6. HTML/CSS/JavaScript: HTML provides the structure of a web page, CSS

 The user interface of a browser is designed such that it allows

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