Solution Class 10th Solution

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Solution of class 10th paper

SECTION A MCQ -Solution

1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. c
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. C
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. B
19. C
20. D

SECTION B VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (4x2=8)

Ans 1. Some time different political parties with different ideologies


form an alliance. They contest elections jointly and after winning in
the elections, these parties form a coalition government. The
example is present NDA government.

Ans 2. Power sharing among different organs of government.


Power sharing among government at different levels.
Power sharing among different social groups.
Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and
movements.

Ans 3.
1. The residuary subjects are those subjects that are not included in
any list.
2. The Union Government has the power to legislate on ‘residuary’
subjects.

Ans.4. Mostly alluvial soil contains an adequate proportion of potash,


phosphoric acid lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane,
Paddy, wheat and other cereals and pulses crops.
Ans.5. Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilizer and
irrigation have contributed to the increasing production of maize.

SECTION C SHORT ANSWER-BASED QUESTIONS (5x3=15)

Ans.1. (I) Rubber is an educational crop but is also grown in tropical


and subtropical areas.
(II) It requires a moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than
200 CM and temperature above 25 degree c.
(III) It is grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and
Nicobar Islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya.
India ranks fifth among the world's largest natural rubber producers.

Ans.2. Two major fibre crops:


A cotton and jute are the fibre crops:
Geographical condition required for cotton:-
(1).It requires black soil
(2).It requires high temperature and light rainfall or irrigation.
(3). It requires 210 frost- free days and bright sunshine.
Geographical condition required for jute:-
1. It requires well drained fertile soil in the flood plains
2. It requires a high temperature
3. It requires high rainfall
4. Requires fresh water and cheap labour

Ans 3. (1) Rural local government is popularly known by the name


panchayati raj. (2) Its different institutions are as mentioned below :
1. Panchayat: 1. There is a panchayat in each village or group of
villages.
2. It is a council which has several ward members (panch) and a
president (sarpanch).
3. They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that
ward or village.
4. Panchayat is a decision-making body for the entire village.
5. It works under the overall supervision of gram sabha.
6. Gram Sabha consists of all the voters and meets twice or thrice in
a year to approve the anffual budget of the gram panchayat and to
review its performance.

2. Panchayat samiti or block or mandal: A few gram panchayats are


grouped together to form a panchayat samiti or block or mandal.
The members of this body are elected by all the members of the
panchayats in that area.
3. Zilla Parishad : All the panchayat samities or mandals in a district
constitute Zilla Parishad, whose members are elected. Members of
the Lok Sabha and MLAs of that district and some other officials of
other district level bodies are also its members. Zilla Parishad
chairperson is the political head of the Zilla Parishad

Ans.4. (i) Menocchio was a miller in Italy who interpreted the


message of Bible. The Roman Catholic Church was enraged due to
his view of godand creation.
(ii)The Roman Catholic Church started identifying such ideas, beliefs
and persons who wrote against the church and thus Menocchio was
hauled up twice and finally executed.
(iii)Several restrictions were put over the publishers and the
booksellers by the church and also the church ordered them to
follow the Index of prohibited books from1558.

Ans .5. Ambedkar organised the depressed classes association to


uplift the dalits, demanded separate electorates for dalits and
reservation of seats in educational institutions, signed the Poona
pact that give reserved seats to the depressed classes in provincial
and Central legislative councils.
OR
Wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee
sterling foreign exchange ratio that could discourage imports, they
thought if colonial resections did not exist on business world, as a
result trade and business world flurries without constraints.

SECTION D LONG ANSWER-BASED QUESTIONS


(4X5=20)

Ans.1 -(i) The Portuguese missionaries firstly brought the printing


press to Goa in India in the mid-16th century.
(ii) During the 19th century, people debated, interpreted and
criticized the different religious beliefs like widow immolation,
monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. Some people
campaigned for the reform whereas others countered the arguments
of the reformers.
(iii) The printed materials and the newspapers spread the new ideas
and also shaped the nature of debate which gave opportunity to the
people to participate in the public debates.
(iv) Women’s reading increased among the middle class because
their lives and feeling began to be written and also the liberal
husbands and fathers focused on their education.
(v) For the easy and affordable access of the printed books to even
the poor people very cheap, small books were published and also
the public libraries were set up.
OR

(i) The print culture spread the ideas of the great thinkers like
Voltaire and Rousseau. They criticized tradition, custom,
superstition, despotism and the authority of church. They wanted
rule of reason, questioning and rationality
(ii) Debate and dialogue started due to the coming of the print
culture which resulted in the re-evaluation of the values, norms and
the institutions. This had brought the idea of social revolution.
(iii) The morality pf the royal powers were criticized and the social
order was questioned. The cartoons and the caricatures revealed
the sensual pleasures of the monarchs and the hardship of the
common people. Hence, the people stood against the monarchy.
(iv). during the 19th century, people debated, interpreted and
criticized the different religious beliefs like widow immolation,
monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry. Some people
campaigned for the reform whereas others countered the arguments
of the reformers.
(v). The printed materials and the newspapers spread the new ideas
and also shaped the nature of debate which gave opportunity to the
people to participate in the public debates .

Ans 2. The differences between horizontal and vertical power


sharing in modern democracies is as mentioned below:
Horizontal Power Sharing
(1) Power is shared among different organs of government such as
the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(2) It allows different organs of government placed at the same level
to exercise different powers.
(3) It ensures that none of the organs exercise unlimited power.
(4) Each organ checks the other. This results in a balance of power
among various institutions. It is called a system of checks and
balances.
Vertical Power Sharing
(1) Power is shared among governments at different levels i.e.,
central, state/ provinicial, regional level.
(2) The constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels
of government as has been in Belgium/ India. It is federal division of
power.
(3) It ensures that each government works according to the
constitutional powers.
(4) It is vertical division of power as the powers are divided involving
higher and lower levels of government i.e., central, state and local
level.

OR
Different forms of power sharing are given below :
(1) Power sharing among different organs of government :
The power is shared by three organs of government i.e., legislature,
executive and judiciary.
Generally, legislature enacts laws, executive executes the laws,
makes policies and takes decisions,
Judiciary interprets the law and protects the rights of the people,
It is called horizontal distribution of power’because it allows different
organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different
powers,
Such a separation ensures that none of the organs can exercise
unlimited power.
Each organ checks the others and a balance of power is maintained.
For example in India, executive i.e., Council of Ministers is
responsible to Lok Sabha. The Council of Ministers must enjoy the
support of the majority in the Lok Sabha. If they loose confidence of
the Lok Sabha, they have to
resign. Similarly judges are appointed by the executive, but they
check the function of executive or laws made by the legislatures.
(2) Power sharing among governments at different levels :
There are governments at the National, State and Local levels.
Powers are divided among these governments. For example in India,
there is a division of powers between Center and the States. There
are three lists i.e., Union list, State list and Concurrent list. The
residuary powers which have not been included in the three lists are
with the Central Government,Some powers have been given to local
governments under the Panchayati Raj system,Such a system is
followed in countries where there federal form of government as in
the USA and Belgium,Such division of powers involving higher and
lower levels of government is called vertical division of power.
However, in countries where there is unitary form of government as
in the Great Britain, there is no division of powers. All the powers are
vested in the central or national government.
(3) Power sharing among different social groups :
Sometimes religious and linguistic groups too share power as is the
case in Belgium where there is a “community government” which is
elected by people belonging to one language community no matter
where they live.
Such government enjoys power regarding cultural, educational and
language related issues,
In India, seats are reserved for SCs and STs in assemblies and
parliament. Such a system is adopted to give minority communities
a fair share in power so that they are not alienated from the
government as has happened in Sri Lanka.
(4) Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups and
movements :
When no party gets an absolute majority in legislature, different
parties come together and form a coalition government and share
power in a democracy. For example, the present NDA (National
Democrative Alliance) government headed by Shri Narendra Modi is
a coalition government in which power is shared by different
political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.
In addition to this, different pressure groups, interest groups and
movements also directly or indirectly influence the decision making
process of the government. Thus there is power sharing among
political parties, pressure groups and movements..

Ans 3.
(1) Achievements : It is the largest experiment in a democracy
conducted anywhere in the world. Its main achievements are as
follows :
1. There are now about 36 lakh elected representatives in the
panchayats and municipalities etc. all over the country.
2. Constitutional status for local government has helped to
strengthen democracy in the country.
3. There is now uniformity in local bodies across the country.
4. There is a significant number of women in the local bodies.

(2) Problems : There are problems too which are as follows :


1. Elections are held regularly but for gram sabhas are not held
regularly.
2. Many State governments have not transferred significant powers
to the local governments.
3. Adequate resources have not been given to them. Thus, there is
still a long way to achieve the ideal of self government.

OR
1. Urban planning including town planning.
2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings.
3. Planning for economic and social development.
4. Roads and bridges.
5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.

Ans. 4. More income or more material goods do not always give us a


good quality life. There are other aspects such as equal treatment,
freedom, security, opportunity to learn, good working conditions,
pollution-free atmosphere, job security and good social life which
are very important for a good quality life.
Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on
which our life depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-
material things, for example, the role of our friends in our life which
cannot be measured but mean a lot to us. Another example, if we
get a job in a far off place, before accepting it we would try consider
many factors apart from income such as facilities for our family,
working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. Similarly, for
development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women
are engaged in paid work, their dignity increases. However, it is also
the case that if there is respect for women there would be more
sharing of house work and greater acceptance of women.
The developmental goals that people have are not only about better
income but also about other important things in life.

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