We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11
(centet 7),
Payee [0a
—————TvToRa 1 - Rewiew of Computer System
il _ sdentity ind inl debina. the four main elament of a couple
~Lystem. — — ee
| The main elomenty _ ata wmpuber eon ora os fotloros
+ Hardware, fe pupical_comsprnents sf _a_uomputer , PL
th 00. memry ange de and input | ewpuk _devives. —
| + Softumre + Nhe program opeabing aysteme that tua on
tha ardurare , enaloling it to pero tasks, It iWeliucles
dyskem_softurare 4 applicabim sofbarore PREIS ee
+ Sol: 4 he_infoonahimn that the computer pocedos It can_
| be raw inpuk ov pocoued culpub
+ Usew 2 “Sha_pemple vsho interack with Hoa vmupuber cys en,
either direcHy o¢_indirecty , giving mmandasr_uhlizing its
stulputa.
2. __
Apecify dung imacksa prieting oxe_ou teins
ta Moving aka frmlpia larakien a anatne? au
a4, from memory to o_regider,cegisher to_memory,or hehsrean
| register —
+ Anithmeh’. ond Logic Opernbioms : Performing caleubati oui _
Jog ital. speratio., like addition. sub, Mul... wnaparison. oF.
Century._bihwie_speralintu_[AND.,0R wor), .
te Albering the sequence of @xeeuth'mn_,_urtived
eludes branch imho jumps ond omdibinnal — aa
| eteeuhiom based _m_the reall of prewioua inerchies
“+ Input |Qutput Operant Handing comenunivabieon bebwean
__bhe_pmeeterond extemal dlewivar such od ceeding from
| ti
iT
all
2 1 er_thak temparasily
hol the uiment exeeukon xf a _pmyram tr inmediately
addres = ioh | maining by_ -anablicg, “he c2U_te_ manag sultipltn Fosks one) _
tpn to _uen lana boing locked ina ding le proce. ____
= Ateass Time The Hime jt taker to retrieve daka Prema specific
———|__menay hype inerwases os yma _ensve_dewm Hee hierarchy. Regishen
and coche hove Hho Shorheuk cco Himes, uchila seemdan dbrtage
hos much Jongar oseus bimes
| =Nolabiliny Higher levels of memery ort viable, ore
juein _usutents when pawer is hamed off, urhile braser Level: Like
jhort drives ond CDs oe nm-vrtaile coluning daks oven usher
pound sth.
Century|
ete
+; —lacke_memery i _a_small high-speed _memay thrage Lretlie)
clnse_o_Haa_ CPU lis main purpose _iu_tn chore frequentiy necersedt
daka_ond_inthuction., allowing He ¢PU to cebnione Hail infrmnatis
quidhdy imteod of aceosing Ate slmwer main enemas LRM)
Cache memory improve tie sverall speed ond efficiency of a
= Ld Cocke + “The smallest A fuslesk,Locateal directty on tho Cru
Chip.
= 12 Cocke : Slightly larger ond snes, olan located close to
Has. CPU
- 12 Cache 2 Loyerond_diewes ran Le, shared _aomeng—rnulhple
sre, sta ce
Century
Fearure Miulkiprocauor_Ayatena Mulhiuove Systena
Acparmbepmeestoa (CPUS) —_mnusbiple ener. __
the same chip
Pluypival -Multipta sepambe CPU wich ~ A single unit ef CPU
wu wath. mulliple estes_Reahure Mulliprowsor 8 ystems Must vara Mysto —__
pines the dysbemn bus er interennech. on the tame chip.
Cour + Mam expemive cue tn addi = Los expensive compared —
=omal processors. In_muliproces ar Aty fem
heams porollaliim preessing. usithin a _dinghe
CPU _thip.
2
a) i. 2d-pbik Lota) Addn Bus and 1b bik Loco) bate Bus ___
| = Addsewing : A 92 -bib addres bin cll the proceum Io access _
Lp fa AGB ob mmomeny.
- Dota Taner: The 16-bit dain but means only (6 bi (2 bytes)
of dala tan bo ban fered per cele. Sime jwhuckions are 22 bike,
ik oko hae yjeloa bo bras fes each imebnuction
= Impact + She data lou bottlencee sloun re sydbeya clean _aa
multiple tfeles ate. necded for tach 22-bib wanafer, cleapite Hse
large. wnemeny cucces _Co-pered Pup
Century“Mic Sih Local Adda Basa and_16-bik Loval Dake Bau
——Addlening : A 16-bit addres lous limila Hoo. ae
—mly 16 K6 of memoy, roquicing additimal Fechniques Ula paging
—For_lorger memory.
_ > Dalutraufer + Like in phe bist core, the 16-bit daka bus
—feq;virea_hurn cycler ko_panafer tn full $2 bib invhoweHiom
—=lepack : Bohr ths small addres bud and la-bik dala bis couue
wdiko Haya fer.
b)
. \ woe
* Pmgcam Counter Lec)!
2 he_pmgmm omunter hotds the oudlelceys of Une neck iaphrchin —
——to_be oxoculed 00 ee
tlt the. bystem Ines an n-bib olde bau jk can acberers
2" menny locobimg
2 Yhesefme, tre PO nets i bils ho _hatd He _adclross of ary
——imbuchon wit them. memeny apace. __
+ Nauhewction Regier Lin) :
- She imbue regisher heta 0 cur 5 bei
—exetubea .ee)
The diz of He inainuchin regbher depends on the diz of wade
ey ithuchon .
+ |b eadh iuhuchom is SQ bit, We IR noes 22 bib bo above
He trmplebe ihuch on.
a).
—— 2. Tn Hk Seenanio Ha rdcropmee Mor. Generabed 16 Lous + IF Han maou pencesser Fails,
‘chm ombinus_spemiug._Hae abe system cmuld hel, ___
juage = Communely ued in_evadom saulli- _- Hisoricalliy wed in atdar syalenes
= sn syplend A server, —aid_tpecialired embedalead ay dent
Admungex|-Mulipaaur Sou Be a ae
Inceeased Tweryghpur: Mave _prusrs allo Hie rare inks Jno proresied
| kimultuneoualy . inpenving evernll performace,
Ful Se eh nine ge ee
| foi me et RL ee eee
coin[ santtnel a —
Tate Reroute Ulilixghim_: Mutioauee gen ‘alina lee dibibuin —_
—# Yaaks_,leacding bo_raare eben we. of syste rumustes_Sike CPU, memory
4 t]0 wens _
ee af Mubipmcesiee Syed
Longley Modipriing rguires_ mine unplos daa ‘atm
rage temmusicin aiceninaon D rash boon —_
prance
= tasks Mi prcassits tee nec erdamee for_omimunicabion A
tery ah Ing eae it eal ua ee La
Ai pi
= plain pase 14gshaved ‘ressurtar_belureen_euilhple
—_____,_ pruuore_can lnad to pestermancepiltenecks dus. bo. Aynduminaion A
camnauticabion delays
Caching Systems in _Qymonstric. Muulhprocesder Stona ase cesigtad usa
| uulliple Level, valere one _tevel is Loval fo each procousing care (eg bt
| toate) ord nator level is shared among. all prvening. estes (eg. Lt
we LS tacks). This dena uneol fr several reas, 2ea
et Gra gaara ee _
Century