CHAPTER 20

MATRICES
20.1

Addition.

Important concepts.
a

b p
+
d r

q a + p
=
s c + r

b +q

d + s

Example 1

Exercise 20.1

3 7

5
+

1.

7 9

19 8

2.

(3

5) + ( 8

3.

3 7
+

0
1

3 + 7
=
5 + 4

10

=
9

Example 2

3)

(1

7 ) + ( 3 5)
= (1 + 3 7 + 5)
= ( 4 11)

Example 3
2 4 8 3

1 6
+

7 5
2 + 8 4 + 3
=
1 + 7 6 + 5

10
=
8

Matrices

11

Example 4
2

5 1
+

7
3

2 +1
=
3 + 3

3
=
6

4 5
+

0
7

5 +2

7 +6

13

20.2 Subtraction.

Important Concepts

p
_
r

a p

c r

b q

d s

Example 1

Exercise 20.2.

7 3

5
7 3
=
8 5

1.

5 6

3 2

2.

(8

2 ) ( 1 3)

3.

3 2

9
8

4
=
3

Example 2

(9

7 ) ( 4 3)
= ( 9 4 7 3)
= ( 5 4)

Example 3
3 4 4 1

8
3

3 4 4 ( 1)

=
7 2
8 3

7
=
5

Matrices

Example 4

4.

2 5 3 5

7 3

2 ( 3) 5 5

=
7 6
3 8

5
=
1

7 5

3
8

20.3 Multiplication

Important concept.
a
b

ka kb
k
c d
=
kc kd

(a

b)
q
=

( ap + bq )

a
ap

b
( p q) =
bp

a b p q

c d

r s

aq

bq

ap + br

cp + dr

Example 1
1 2 5 1 5 2 5

5
=

3 4 5 3 5 4 15

Example 2
4
3)
5

= ( 2 4 + 3 5 )
= ( 23 )

(2

Example 3
2

1
( 4 3)

2 4 2 3 8
=
1 4 1 3
=

Matrices

aq + bs

cp + ds

Exercise 20.3.
10

20

1.

6
9
2

2.

(2

3.(a)

3
( 5

(b)

6
5)
7

2
(1

2)

4) =

Example 4
2 3 5

1 4

6
2 5 + 3 6 28
=
1 5 + 4 6
=

29

Example 5
5 6

(1 3)

4 7
= (1 5 + 3 4 1 6 + 3 7 )
= (17 27 )
Example 6.
2 3 5 4

4 7

9 8
2 5 + 3 9
=
4 5 + 7 9

37
=
83

4.

5. (a)

(2

(b)
6.(a)

2 4 + 3 8

4 4 + 7 8

32

72

(b)

20.4 Combined Operations

2
P =
2 3

3
0

Solution :
2 4 4 1

6 0

=P

2 3
2 5

=P
4
3

Exercise 20.4.1
1. Find the matrix P such that

Matrices

(2

5 7

6
3

4
4 )
3

3
h )
1

8 5

7
3

0
=
4

0 1

4
1

2
=
3

 1 0
2 4

P =
3

3 5

3 1

2. Find the matrix P such that

1
0
3P =
4
2

20.4.2 Format B
Example
4
Given that
0
Solution :

3
m

+ 3

1
5

0 7
=

2
3

3
, find the value of m.
1

4 + 3m = 7
3m = 3,
m=1

Exercise 20.4.2
1.
2.

4 3
2 2 10 9

Given that
2 4
+ m
1 0
=

, find the value of m.

5 4
1 2
m 0 9 2

Given that
3 4
+ 2
1 2
=

, find the value of m.

5 8

20.4.3. Format C
Example
3 0 1
Express
1 5

as a single matrix.

2
Solution :
3 0 1 3 1 + 0 2 3

1 5

2 1 1 + 5 2 11
Exercise 20.4.3
3 2 2
1.
Express
4 1

as a single matrix.

2
3 8
5

2.
Express
4

as a single matrix.
2

20.4.4 Format D
Example
Given that ( m

3
2 )
1

0
= ( 2m
n

8) , find the value of m and of n.

Solution :

Matrices

( 3m + (2)
3m - 2

0 + 2n ) = ( 2m 8)

= 2m

3m - 2m = 2
m =2

2n = 8
8
n=
2
n=4

Exercise 20.4.4
1.

Given that ( m

2.

Given that ( 3

2
= ( 4 8) find the value of m and n.
4

n
= (10 15 ) find the value of m and n.
6

1
2 )
n

3
m )
1

20.4.5 Format E
Example
1
Given that m
0

Solution :

3 1 1 3
+

2
1 1 1

4
, find the value of m.
5

m+1=3
m=2
Exercise 20.4.5

1.
2.

1 2 2

Given that m
+

0 3 2
1 4 3

Given that m
+

2 1 3

2 5 8
=

,find the value of m.

,find the value of m.

20.4.6 Format F
Example
Given that ( k

1
5)
2
= ( 6 ) , find the value of k.

Solution :

- k + 10 = 6
- k = 6 10
-k = -4
k = 4

=====================================================================
Exercise 20.4.6
7
1.
Given that ( k 4 ) = ( k ) , find the value of k.
3
2
2.
Given that ( 5 k ) = ( k + 12 ) , find the value of k.
3

20.4.7. Format G
Example
x
Given that
2
( 4

Solution :

Matrices

6
y) =
8

20
, find the value of x and of y.
10

4x

xy 6
=

2y
8

20

10

4 x = 16
16
x =
4
x = 4

2 y = 10
10
y=
2
y= 5

Exercise 20.4.7
x
Given that
4
( 2

3
Given that
x
( y

1.
2.

10 15
y) =
8 12
,find the value of x and y.

9
9
3) =
1 1
, find the value of x and of y.

20.4.8. Format H
Example
3 k 2 2

Given

=

, find the value of k and n.
k n 1 1
Solution :
3 2 + k 1 2

k 2 + n 1
=

1
6 + k 2

2k + n
=

6 + k = 2
k= 2- 6
k = -4

2k + n = 1
2( -4) + n = 1
-8+n=1
n=9

Exercise 20.4.8
1.
2.
3.

2
Given
n
k
Given
1
k
Given
1

k k 6
= , find the value of k and of n.
5 1 k
3 2 20
= , find the value of k and of n
n 4 30
2 4 18

=

, find the value of k and of n.
n
5 n

Questions based on examination format

Matrices

1.

k 6 k
,
Given that 2 + =
1 3 5
find the value of k.
A. -6
B. -2
w 2

C. 2.
D. 6

2. Given that ( w 2 ) =

4
w 3 8

find

the value of w.

A. 1
B. 2

3.

C. -1
D. -2
1 4

=
0
6

8
A.
18

8
B.
18

4.

5.

14

C.

14
D.
12

1
Given that 2
3
1 4

A.
0
4

1 2

B.
0
4

Given that (1

2
1

M =

6
0

x
2

7)

0
, find the matrices of M.
4

13
C.
12

3
D.
12

1
= ( 11
2

5) , find the value of x

A. 11
B. 3

6.

7.

3
1 0
Given
5
+ 3
2e
=

,

e
A. 1
B. 0

Given ( 4
A. -3
B. -1

8.

Matrices

C. -3
D. -11

the value of e.
C. -4
D. -9

7
= ( 34 ) .Find the value of f.
2 f )
3

5 4

+ =
3 1

C. 2
D. 3

 9
A.
4

9
B.
3

9.

10.

11.

2 1 3

6 3
+

0
8
3
A..
10 9

B.
10 9

2
Given that
0

A.
B.

Matrices

0
, the matrix of T is
1

2
C.
1

6
D.
1

1 3
4
= k
,
3 2
3

h ) k( k

3) = ( 26

-1

2 3 5

x 0
+

2
find the values of x and of y.

C.
D.

Express 3 ( 2
(-8)
(10)

find the value of k.

Given that

A.
B.

1 2
C.
10 5

1
8

D.
2 5

1
2

x=2,y=1
x = 2 , y = -1
14.

5
=
7

Given the matrix equation 5 ( 2

13.

4 2

1
4

2 3 4
=
T-
1

2
6 3
A.
3 1

2 3

B.
1
1

A.
B.
12.

20
C.
3

1
D.
4

4 7
=

1
4

4
8

17 ), find the value of h k .

C.
D.

(-28)
(-24)

y
,
1

x=4,y=2
x=6,y=1

4
1)
0
as a single matrix

15.

16.

Given that
2
6

m
( 3 1) =
6

A. 4
B. 6

(4

1
0

2)

4 4
A.
0 6

2
4
B.
0 6

17.

18.

20.

C. ( 6

6)

D. ( 4

10 )

2
C.
1

0
D.
5

Given that
4
1 7
m = ,the value of m is
7
2 1
-4
-3

C.
D.

Given that
k 6 k
, find out the value of k.
2 + =
1 3 5
A. -6
C. 2
B. -2
D. 6
5 1
Given that A=
4 1
and AB=I , where I is a identical matrix

find the matrix of B.

A.
4
5

10 5
B.
2 1

3
4

0
,
1

1 1

C.
4
5

5 1

D.
4
1

Past Year SPM Questions.

Matrices

C. -2
D. -3

1
=
3

Find out matrix of P in the matrix equation below

4 P =

3 4
17 8
1 2
A.
0 5

5 2
B.
0 1

A.
B.
19.

2
, the value of m is
2

10

November 2003
1.

(5

8) ( 4

3) +

A. ( 4 15 )
B. (12 9 )
2.

Given that ( 3
A. 9
B. 4

1
(6
2

8) =
C. (13
D. (15

x
x )
1
= (18 ). Find the value of x.

C. -3
D. -6

1 2

=
4
4
6
A.
10

12
B.
28

July 2004

3.

10
C.
6

10
D.
12

Given that 4(1 2 ) + M = ( 5

4.

5.

A.
B.

5)
13 )

7 ) , then M
C.
D.

4 2 1

1
2
1

7
6

1 2

7 2

November 2004
6.
Given the matrix equation 2 ( 4
A 4
B 8

C.
D.

h ) + k (1

2 ) = (13
C 10
D 11

16

16

(1
(1

9)
15)

8), fnd the value of h + k.

July 2005
7.

3
1 5

6
2
4
+

=

10

A.

Matrices

C.

11

B.

8.

D.

10

12

2m 0 m m

2
=
2 1 m 0
A.
B.

Matrices

m 2 2m 2

0
2m

m 2 0

2m 0

C.
D.

12

m2
2m 2

2m 2m

2m 2 2m 2

m 2m

November 2005
3 1 1 0

2
4 6

1 4
4 2
A.
1 4

4 3
B.
7 4

9.

3
5)
k

Given ( k

10.

A. 3
B. 8

5
C.
5

5
D.
9

0
= ( 24
1

5), calculate the value of k.

C. -1
D. -12

.
June 2006
1
3

4
2
1
=


4

A.
5

B.
2

11.

2
7

12. Given
A.
B.

2
3

A.

(7)

B.

10

D.

1
3

m
m

Given matrix P = ( 5

13.

C.

1
4

1
2

1
, calculate the value of m
0

C.
4
D.
8
2
3

1) and matrix Q =

, then PQ is

November 2006

Matrices

13

C.

(10

3)

D.

10

15

2
2
+ 3
1
2
1
14
A.
15 13

14.

13
B.
16

If ( 3

15.

0
3 1

=
3
2 5

8
C.
15

13

7
D.
10

4 p
2 )
p
= ( 7 ), then p =

A. 1

C.

B. 2

D.

1
2
7
9

June 2007
16.

17.

5
4 ) =
2

(3
A.

( 23 )

B.

(15

C.

8)

D.

Find the value of h and of k in the following matrix equation;

5 1
2
0

5 12
=

1
5

A.

h = -1, k = 1

C.

h = -4, k = 3

B.

h = -3,k = 2

D.

h = -8, k = 0

November 2007
18.

Matrices

15

15 20

6
8

4 5

=
2
2

14

 7
A.
9
35
B.
2

19.

15 20
C.
2 4

15 8
D.
5 4

Find the value of m in the following matrix equation:

4 7
2
3 m
=
2 1

A. 1
B. 3

C4
D6

Jun 2008
20.

21.

A.

14

B.

3
=
1

10

1
Given that
2
A.
-3

B.

Matrices

3 1 6 2 1
+

1
2 4 10 2

C.

10

12

D.

12

4 3 5

=
, find the value of x.
x 2 0
C.

-1

D.

15

1
3

November 2008
2

3
4

22.

3
1
0
4
=

A.

10

3
0

B.

3
0

23.

(6

C.

D.

2 ) (1 4

A.

(4

B.

(4

1)

C.

(2

1)

D.

(2

15 )

15 )

ANSWERS
Chapter 20: Matrices.

Matrices

7 ) + 3( 1 3

20.2 Subtraction
1
1.
5

2. (9 1)
1
1
3.
6 14

2
1

4.
2
3 16

3
4

12
4

2) =

12

0
4

0
1

20.1 Matrices. Addition.

20.3 Multiplication

2
1.
11

2. ( 5 2 )

63
54
1.
18 45

2. ( 47 )
8
20
3 12

3.(a)
, (b)
15

2
6
8

36
4.
32

5.(a) ( 4 6 )
(b) ( 6 h 4h ) 6.
44
96

1 2
(a)
(b)
46 93

3 14

11

3.
7

7
4.
8

20.4 Questions According to SPM Format.

20.4. 2.
1. m = 3
2. m = 4

20.4. 3
10
1.
10

5
2.
22

20.4. 4.
1.m = 8, n = -2
2.m = 1, n = 3

20.4. 6

20.4. 7
1. x = 5 , y = 3
1
2. x = 3

20.4.8

1 3
1
2.
0
3

20.4.5
1. m = 3.
2. m = 1

1. k = 2
2. k = -

Objective Questions
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. A

1
2

1. k = 2 , n = -

2. k = 4 , n = 7
3. k = 2 , n = -1

11. B
12. B
13. D
14. D
15. C
16. D
17. D
18. D
19. B
20. A

Past Year SPM Questions

Matrices

11

21

17

3
2

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Matrices

A
A
D
A
A
D
A
D
D

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

C
A
A
C
A
C
A
B
B

22
23

18

A
D