Bernoulli Final Paper

Republic of the Philippines
“Alert System: Kidnapping

Emergency System Using Arduino
Robotics with the Help of GSM or
SMS”
By: Group Bernoulli

Introduction
In this chapter of the research, it will introduce the idea of
different problems and possible solutions to it. While many
children, especially students have been abducted or
kidnapped. Due to the escalating number of victims, the
number of people who are depressed and suffering mentally
also increase. In this chapter, the researchers will discuss
what will be the future of this study.
Many people have been kidnapped and while these pose a
serious threat to our society, it also affected the people
mentally through depression. Criminals tend to do human-
trafficking as a source of income as they also have hunger for
wealth and money. But in some cases, criminals also abduct
people or children to abuse them and use them for their own
personal good. The MRPO estimates that between 40-48
kidnappings have taken place to date in 2022, the highest
since 2019 when 85 cases were reported. According to the
PNP, only 27 kidnapping incidents have been reported to the
police to date in 2022, supposedly down from 2021.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this research is to use technological
developments like “Arduino Uno” to fight against these
corresponding cases of victims that is caused by Kidnapping.
In this study, the researchers will develop a alert system
that could potentially save lives.
Hypothesis
By observing the rates and different perspective, the
researchers came up with a Hypothetical statement that this
research will reach it atmost goal into creating a emergency
system that can provide very easy access to the possible
victim of kidnapping which could track and alert.
Research Questions
In this part of the chapter, will come up the questions to the
study which will act as a guide as the researchers develop on
the research and do some progress.
1. What will be the outcome of the study?
2. What would be the additional benefit of the solution?
3. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of
creating a alert system?
Review of Related Literature

This chapter reviews eight reviews about a few topics related
to this study or research.
Kidnapping: A Global Issue
Kidnapping is a major global problem affecting many
countries, and it has serious psychological and social impacts
on victims and their families. Research shows that kidnapping
is not just a crime but a severe social issue that leads to
emotional and psychological trauma (Baron & Strauss, 2017).
With kidnapping incidents on the rise, as reported by the
Movement for the Restoration of Peace and Order (MRPO) and
Philippine National Police (PNP), there is a clear need for
effective strategies to prevent and respond to these crimes.
Psychological Impact of Kidnapping
The psychological effects of kidnapping can be devastating
for both victims and their families. Those who have been
kidnapped often suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), depression, and anxiety (Miller, 2019). Families of
kidnapped individuals experience significant stress and
mental health challenges as well. This underscores the
importance of developing systems that prevent kidnapping
and address its psychological effects.
Technological Interventions in Crime Prevention
Technology plays a vital role in creating solutions for crime
prevention. The use of electronic devices and software in
monitoring and preventing crime has grown significantly in
recent years (Smith & Jones, 2020). Various technological
tools, such as surveillance cameras, GPS tracking, and
emergency alert systems, have been implemented to
enhance public safety and provide a quicker response to
emergencies.
Arduino Robotics in Emergency Systems
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform widely used
for creating innovative solutions due to its flexibility and ease
of use. Researchers have employed Arduino to develop
various emergency systems that effectively respond to
critical situations (Garcia & Lee, 2018). By integrating Arduino
with GSM modules, we can create alert systems that send
real-time notifications via SMS, providing timely information
to authorities and potential victims.
GSM Technology in Communication
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology,
a standard for 2G digital cellular networks, has been crucial in
enabling mobile communication worldwide (Brown, 2016).
Using GSM in emergency alert systems allows for efficient
communication, which is essential in life-threatening
situations like kidnappings.
Benefits of Emergency Alert Systems
Emergency alert systems are designed to provide quick
responses in critical situations. These systems can
significantly reduce response times and increase the chances
of positive outcomes during emergencies (Anderson, 2021).
Implementing alert systems using Arduino and GSM can
potentially save lives by providing real-time alerts and
location tracking, which are vital in kidnapping cases.
Challenges and Considerations
While developing alert systems using Arduino and GSM offers
many benefits, several challenges must be addressed. These
include ensuring the system's reliability and accuracy,
maintaining user privacy, and addressing potential technical
issues that may arise during implementation (Johnson, 2022).
Considering these factors is crucial to ensure the successful
deployment and operation of the alert system.
Future Prospects
Technological advancements present numerous opportunities
to improve emergency response systems. Future research
could focus on integrating artificial intelligence and machine
learning with Arduino and GSM technologies to enhance the
capabilities of alert systems (Kim et al., 2023). These
advancements could lead to more sophisticated systems that
can predict and prevent kidnappings more effectively.
Methodology
The Subject of the Study
This Study Employs an portable device alert system to
combat cases of kidnapping. This Study aims on the device
reliability, functionality and accuracy.
The Procedure
Phase I: Preparing of Materials
The Arduino system is composed of circuit boards and
censors. For all the materials, in the following:
1. Arduino Uno R3 Microcontroller – The main component in
creating the system as it is where the programming
starts.
2. Breadboard – A circuit board to add more connections to
the system.
3. SIM800L GSM Module – the alert system using text
messages or SIM Card.
4. 9V Battery Connector with Modified Switch with DC –
connects the power source to the system.
5. 9V Battery – Power source.
6. Jumper Wires (Male and Females) – to connect the
different modules in the system to the microcontroller.
7. Storage – to be able to store the system in one place and
provide easy access in emergencies.
8. USB Cable – bridge to programming the system.
Phase II: Planning the System
The particular reason for planning the system is for the
researchers to decide how will the system work in testing and
how can it work efficiently and effectively.
Phase III: Assembly of the System
On this part, the researchers will try to put together the
system in order for it to work.
Phase IV: Programming
In this step, the researchers will program the system based
on our plan and hypothesis and find some defects during this
phase of the procedure.
Phase V: Testing
At this phase, the researchers will test the system if it works
according to our hypothesis and plan. The researchers will
also test the further capabilities and as well as disadvantages
of the system. Not only will the researchers test the system
along with only its capabilities, but they will also test further
capabilities that this system could provide from its properties.
Research Design/Theoretical Framework

The theoratical framework is the system effectiveness,
accuracy and reliability during Emergency. The accuracy
timely alerts and Fast responses will enchance the safety of
students and others.
Effectiveness
and Emergency Student`s
Accuracy. Response Safety
Fast
Figure 1: Theoratical Frame Work of the Study
Statistical Treatment
Our aim is to develop an alert system using Arduino to
improve responses to kidnapping incidents. The
effectiveness, accuracy, and speed of response are key
variables. We will also hypothesize that the system will reach
its utmost goal by providing easy access to potential
kidnapping victims, thus potentially saving lives. And for this
study to generate quantitative data, likely involving measures
of system response times, accuracy in delivering alerts, and
possibly user feedback on system reliability and
effectiveness.
As our Statistical Treatment, the researchers will use a
method named “Standard Deviation” as this will help in
understanding the variability or dispersion in the response
time, accuracy, or other measurable outcomes of our system.

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Republic of the Philippines

“Alert System: Kidnapping

By: Group Bernoulli

Review of Related Literature

Research Design/Theoretical Framework

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