0% found this document useful (0 votes)
58 views41 pagesSe Unit-1
Software engineering
Uploaded by
lavanyapilli2705Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
58 views41 pagesSe Unit-1
Software engineering
Uploaded by
lavanyapilli2705Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 41
units Softioare and Softisare Sag tasering
Ae Natit of Sftwase s—
Today Sefturase takee on a dual role. Tl & a
] product ard at the Sametime a vehicle fb delivering
; a product
“As a, product f deluers the coreputing peteoths
cmbodltel by Computer harelwoare On by netderk of
| computers anessPble bi local hardware.
Turespective of type of haveluonre 1.0 Softwore far
Iaforration transformer sahich pioduce marae,
aequhe » rool > oA play con) transintt Enforrnation,
Software acts as a bast for contro of the
[computer the corommunfeatfon of fhformatibo and the
feveatibn and control of other fpeagrame -
Softiare delivers one.of the most frportant
i product that f faformratBn.
} Sore of the actfons performed by Softwane to.
deliver Faformation ave
[2 transfovens pevaonal data 8 that the thei oni
j be move useful fh a local content»
es busthess Inforrratton, fo enhance
a
» RTE ra
j oe :
8. St providles a pieeny to wed ticle PaforeratBe,
Petaiks and providles means for
/ Thfowratfon fo all fs forms.
# the role cf the soptuore has undergone Stonifitar
change over the last few decades. This %& due to
Garrat fmprovent fh hondwane perforrrarce
oe | changes ih compatteg anchttecture, thevense fo
| met and stora: copactly
[Software Re clevelopedl by a tear of Software
j emgiheers andl Mf uted “by several eters: The bem
* responstble pov qualtty and mafntafrence of ©
Sof twave.-
# Syuome Cheodete:-
| Software consfdered as a product that belorgs
to Some nfzation customer and enduserss Some
OF the Fenportant chavacterists of Software ave
" Software hoe lovin! propetfee than physlial>
Software * an Tharp product: that “has ne
physteal properties. Tt Is not affected physteat
environment. Software consis of several prograrne
| Conmertect to, sxell cleftned lopfeat Tnterface. these
foterface one Programs that can, be. managed ard
} foplemented ip Py progra maming tarquages.
“Teapte of Fafag me ie Properties. softcam
products wo te Treasured estfingted: ard. thels u
performance” Con be caleutated.. ‘ = es
& Sofluore § domlopad @eopirgeeds mot
arufactared fh the classieal sure »
Although sorce sfetfontties exfst between softaarw
development and hardware erorufactier
actéuPetes ane fundamentally different % both
actRPL Pes hgh qualtly BS ocheRed thn gree
“iectom tut the rronufactoning phase ee .
can fhtieduced qualfly problems Chat axe rnneriited
for Goftware both the oclitPiths ove dependent co
people but velatBoship betcoeen people ard twornt
accomplished fh aifffevent: tnifke the other products
Which awe manufactured software fe produced.
egtnerning manner, .
3: Software doesn't A2e08 Qué
Software becomes obsolete @ updated due to
Freveasing wequitbments of uses and roptlly chara’
‘bechrologfes. :
Software products cle rot west out as they clo not
have ony physttal Properties Hardware products
“can wear out due to envPronmental charnes
| Ord have high forlure vate.
at
gots? t oo
ote |
| —> The
The above figure freltates foflne vate as o
function of time for haxcware,
Hardware exhtbfts velatively high foflune nates. Tr
conly stoges due to defects fo design @n ranuftet
vlog . These defects one Comected and the farlure
vate drops to a Steady, level for Some period Kime,
Ns the time passes the faflure ote ~alees ogni “ety f “ay
| fioen effets 9
[os baxduave coceponent safes ie ee en |
e "
| dust , vYbration, eernperatir 1
\
pal mnafodivs. 7
ae note cuave J Software
{ —> Tine .
|Onlelenttfitd ctefects ssl: couse fityh fatteere retye
ih eonly fo the life of a pogain, Hapever thee
[defects can be comected ond: wathtained. po
_ 1° Sofware detertorate tering Me life sopteaes
WH ander go charges ae
FAS changes Ge made. er0¥8 “tot by Phtredueet
} “causing the faflure vite Cenve +3, Sprke : Sas
+ Bey Software Pelle tedster 90 enor fa”
deo G Io process trough hich design fas”
1 branslated. fio machine sxecutable code.
Ny Softamve 8 mobile s0 charge
Software tea flexi be Product that can be °~
changed. the charge a ike. stue to the charg
vequbverents Of user and techfilat advancements:
Fach part of Softuave con by Shanged bat R.
carrot be seplaced« The feretBnateg On be inadte 4 Sofware Eogtogeieg +
Kb the CerrplenPlg of Sef toave Freveastog coh the
‘ fheveasing vequivernents of the user. the dew
ment of quelftg oftware 00 tire with fo
budget with ease of rofntatnence ard ogercrttor
or mafon considerations of the Boftwome proctlon
19.9 oeden to bulld a Software fe; veody &
meet the chalanges ore must “écognize Ene
i Simple.
1. Tt follows that the Conetnivated effours should &
may to undenstand the pioblem before a sof tum
Souter fe clevelop. fas become deeply erebedded Fr evey
ves and as a consequence 90” of
Potevest fo features and functfore
applatfon has grocon + phen an applica
| Lbton @n embedded gen to be buble people — ag
1g. Sof (eon
aspect of out (Ru
people whe have
provided
‘pill bove a clffferent Fdea of wid aoftunre
Peakeaves and -functfons should be delivered .
‘g.uh Ht follows that design tas become ao pivotal ,
act&yPey .
; diy the technolo
kugPress and organizations ane Pacreashi sopialy
more ro. of human effort fs Pvelve Fr develapinc
Preqrams Gophisticated Software that coas once
inplemented Pe Comput he envFronment & now |
embedded tate everythir » the ComplesePey of
| these tee computer act ms, demande |
caxeful attention to fotevactfons of all Syskern
requirements of fndivfuale
I
| eleimente-
ff Jt follows that software Should exhtotis high poly
[BnQt flows that doftwate Should be maintalnedt .
i These Simple realities teaols to one conclusion i.e;
Software ih all of és forene ard across all applitatiéne
Should be Fneeved.
Dein”
ao 7
Softuae eyes fs an Sppternatre »aetpltnedt,
‘theelighl nd monageral diteipitne that provites
is Syotematic approach to deve lopenertt and mafniain
("ane ef Softmvanre & the layered tetbroleg
saver
| goptoe OT
Sof ee each maist F66E 07 AM OTA,
"t Ply. The bedvork tha,"
fog OF {Pt
b to que!
coraentttenent He a oy feu
CA gualtey focus. >
, | Process . :
the fourdatfen te software ingtreetiog AS proces
layer. The Software ergioeertg procese is the que
that holds the eechnology together ard enables
Henely development of connputey Softwore process
define a framed that matt be established fov
| appective delPrewy of Softtaave engineerte satel
{ egrereg Oh
Methods :-
A nae ogreety methods provide the lechofea
; ee fo but Softuove Methods ereoropaste
I: - amay of tasks that Prelude corrmrunitabion
i | equ ement analysts, desfon modeling , plogram
Const fr y . :
| atthe, testing Orel Support
they 9 :
hey vey on sel of principles that gover
toch,
: area of tecbrology and frelude rvodellhg
act ivRfes and other technfy ues
i
|
|
t
' Tools s-
Software engieevirg tools prove automated OY
fenfautomated Support for the process and methot
then tools ave Artegrated a that Paformation
Geated by one tool Can be used by another
q Syseero for Support of software development
° 2,
called computer afde a eng foeevtog fy cetablshe
Software process ; ;
[A process & a collection of acthvrtite ,actibns anc
tasks that ave performed when Some pork product
fs to be created)
| An acthvPly strives to achieve a broad obfective
and .% applfed regardless of appltaton domain,
Stze of the profect, emeey Of effort att
which Software srg incerta to be applied.
An action encompass Set of tasks that produce
Q mafor work product. A task focus ona small
but well deffned objective that produces a
tangible outcome.
A process flamework establithes the fourcatien
for a complete software ényineeritg process
Kdentfging a Sroll number of (Frame edk acti
that ave applicable to all softwaye projects),
Regardless of thet size @) complexity Fn alt,
the process frame stk encompasses a (Set of
umbrella acthnties that are applicable across
the entive process). The generic fivre wok
activities ave 4. Corperunica tion -
espacio any technival wdk can mee,
\ te and
vettbaty portant to communtcate ta
i atth the customer. The frtent & € Under,
| Natehotders objectives for the PY ofect ancl
tequbernents that help to define Sof teideg ta
[and functfons
\&-Planntna := Y
A complfeated fourney can be ahnpltfi ed Pg
rap exfet. A goftewore profect fa 0, complicated Poa)
and the planntag octhfHles creates @ Map tha ¥
helps to qutde the team as % makes t cy
The map is called softoave project plan that
defines enoPreertin eoovk .
eet the t,
j asks to WT eons ed. 4 “sy
3 Modelfg - .
LA Software ergtoeen Creates models fo better,
Understand seftuare Nequbrements and the desi, :
that cil acheive those tequbvements. |
4-Gnstructlon i”
the ath Combines code reat ad the
{testing to untover ervovs fm the code.
1s: Depleyrasnt i |!
j The software fe delivered “to customer tbo evalute:
the dletPerred plotuat and provides feedback based
on the evalutibn.
these five generte {frame wae onthe can be used |
bdysring the development of Small @frnple programs © “a : based. Systems:
ramendk actiuPeies
©
EPuPtves there
nuraber Of arabrella of
i A
ave competes Rf + a software product | profeet ard
ave applied thee a8 a
| help gear #0 rene acd control progress qualtty
change ord risk. Orbe lla acthsPefes ove
fect fe 7 i-
1 Sofware prot fac! hg and control:
msi the
qt als @ software team to prog ress ogel
prefect pln and taste take any. necessow actions .
to mafatafn schedule:
a bk Magne ment i
Tt asses viske that
pajtet@n? the quail
3. Software Qualfig gsgurance i
Defthes and conducts acttuPeres vequhred t
Software quale
4. Tecbnital Fev laut t~
se
pa Software engfreeritg wodk products an
. ,
of uncover G1) emove errors before they ore
| Pepageted to the next acehiPlg.
|S Measunemert -
| Define and collects process, project and product
a that asséet the tear Mm del%eving s/n
eSytaree Stakeholders vequhements .
S22 Conf Pousation Management +
tanage the
ian effects of change threup bout the
affect the outcome of the
of Gbe product -
0 ersUNe af usa bite Management -
iinet duet
Resides citlerh for Wak are _ oh
Ps chantern to ac! te Ls
establishes ene ‘ a ni
ie. Wok proctuct proparatibe and producti
g. Wok pos le tr :
| gn encompasses the act Pies required Den,
i
te,
pork products such as models, documents , ln
| goums and Ut gy
| Sitges Eegtoseateg practice
Software engtoeentng practite fe e wey be Peon
vortous octfuPlfes of Softesare evelopment Me ca,
| |e mafa phases of S| development ave Feast,
| x analyste, detyn, codog and tng and
i maintafhence. The appropriate best practices axe
{ | ecessany for apply thg appropriate methodology te
[Perform acthtelte that produce a gually soption,
The primary focus of a owanteation & to" produce
‘qualteg Software wofthtn et ard time. To i
destgn a Byskermath “approach towards developenert
and matntafmance of S[w fellow the shen four
Cermmen Steps. t .
' Onderstard the problem (Coeomuntertion ard aralyes)
&. Plan a solutloo (Moctetéy 4 six design’) |
¥ com out the plan Gede gfreration)
'% Examine the sesalt foy aerunacy Cresta § qualeg
)
assurance
' Qoderstand the probleen
To understand the enact. problem ord reguttonma
& Jf
a alffiralt task fo over”
| so development and mefrtafnence pacers These
several Pasues Sovolved fH problem undestoreth)
the lack ef communtration amon Software engin’
Jand customers causes Poblems for Software engineets
' Faclearly tunderstandtig the problern statement - >
‘the following questfons ave taken Mito ConsPd erate:
* hiho has a stake fr solution to problem ie; who 1S
9 stake holder.
What ave the unknowns? What data, function feotane
ane yequPred to Solve the problem.
Cam the problem be compartmentaltzed 2 If PL
| Possfble to xepresent Smalley problems that may
j €asfer to understand. Bk sh
HK Can problern be tepresented Jiophially & ean
Ona liysts model be created.
8. Plan the Solution :—
i the effectPveness of project plan depends on accece
| of estimation and understanding of problem. the
Of an effective, provect panntrg and estimandr
| teehofques f& froportant challange » The follouss
things ave taken fn to constdavation tohile mak
an effect Me Profect plan. %
i" Meet the carer per was Yepeated before
and fs there any extbting [n> that Froplemengs the
data functfone and features that One requ med
2.tHas a similar problem be solved Hf so ave 4 .
| deenents’ of Solution reusable. ee
|3-Can subproblems be cefPned PE so axe 2
! wari for Subprogtams. Mating
[that the custornes has fr a anne,
ike vepieserted vd,
tecan slate oo
te Cae Sole froplernenta ll '
rade es offerte
tthe plant
| ary gt f
The estye serves as a
} There may be tt
you will atecever an even better OULE the Pal
t
allows to proceed tefthout ete lost
Docs the Soluthn conform to the plan? Ts 4
| Source Code tracable te destyn erode!
I Js each module of Solutloo provably fortect >
} Have the destyn been vevPewed.
‘Examine the Fesull + +
Medein Software engineering approaches pag |
| verification ond validation tectinfgues at each Shop|
| development ard ratntatnence to Mentity |
t , defects fn erly “phases of development . q
[2s fe posstble to test each part of Solution i
| has a veasonable testing Stratetoy been Pon)
/# Does the olution Raa am:
; Produce vesults’ that confit to
j the data, function and Features that ane yequtved!”
N
, Has the S| been valfdated agafnet all y ants
‘of Stake holders: : "
_ that focus on oF tune ¢ asi Seven prlncpe
. @S a whole Y veeing pract be | Cequfverments »
| guncttoaltly »
j questions such ast
e-_The xeasor Ft gu en fets 3-
provite @
nts for One season &
gist PS
should be made
‘thes ‘
A tion’ qystere
M tue wee UES «All decPsfors
wofth this ind. Before Specthy'rg ® yee
before raking a prece of systere
before deteventng fog the barcdware
lopment processes ,ask yourself’
“Does thfe add veal value to the
do f- All
fo
platfbrene devel
gem? Tf the answer Ps “no” dont
other prlretples support this one-
The Sesorel patastnle — keep Ee Biorer ©
Software design Pa rot O haphaxord process: There
axe many factors to conaPder fe ant desfgn effort
Air desfqn should be as aPenple 08 posstble but no
er. This factiftates having oO more costly
understood and easly mofntatned System: thes &
rot to say that features ever Paternal feotures,
Should be dftenrded fr the mame of strmpliePey
Indeed the move simple Ones simple alee does
fot mean “quick and athktg”. Fn fact Ft often take
@ lot of thought and work Over multiple fer
to sfmol? rat Rone
pity. The pay oft & softcare that & mor
baieniye ard leis enor=prane ©
he thid _Ma’
A clear dice . obtuse vibe,
fPofect without excerdBl to the sucess of d Softuare
| oe profect alenost tanfatiingly ends
|p beg of 20 anf logy
ofirds Piself compromising the i Ne ig
6 stern "i
eefural vfefor of 2 eoFeEN “— ha
he well-designed
break even the "7 yg
anchtt
Ny
phil eventoally
re eax
Having 00 ermiporcer anchitect who Can boty 4,
uBfon and enforce compliance helps ensueve g ve,
successful Software prefect: q
The fourth palace What gou paduce Qbhes aay
| @ogumne i
Alsays ‘specBly »destgn and fenplement kre
| someone else wll have to understand phot
|e fg The audience for ony product Of &fig,
jdivtloprentit potently large Specify HFth ong,
| @ the userss Design, keeptng the Frnplemnenta j,
rofad «Code waft concern -fer those that musi
tafhtaty and extend the System. Soraeene trey
[hove to ctebug the code you write.and that rig
| : .
thern Q user of qour cede. Makinx thet fob
| @asfor adds value'to the Geter:
Ue Rb pee -Be open the fatere
“A System with a borg Ufetime thas move Value.
[%m today's computing eruPronments , where specifies
Change OF a moments notice and bandware
Platforms ave obsolete fust a. few months + old
Software L2fittenes ane tgpealy rmeqsuted fo roth
Foatett of wears “Sctustee » Sofware
Yeors Fodustrfal strength” Soft
Systerns enust endure for lenges: fo do this
&
Sucteesfully 1 these Systeme rnust be ready ‘ 4
{to these and other changes systems tha
¢ those (hat have beer
cudep
do this successfeilly ov
designed th's Kay from the start
The sfuth pubbefple Blan ahead for reuse i
Reuse saves me ard affort - AcheRvirg * he f
level of a Yeuse & axquably the hardest gee! to
| accomplish fo developing a Softwxare Bystern The
reuse of coce and desfons have been proclaimed
jase mafor benefft of usthg obfeet~ oriented
technologtes. To leverage the weuse possPbPlefes
that obfeet erfented pr paremfng provides! xequives
force thought and plano 9° here ave many
Lechtgues to realfze yeuse at every level ef the
Systern clevelopment process, Planning ahead for
| weuse reduce the cost and frevease the value of
1 Systeres
i
i
i
|
|
both the reusable components and the
Rrto which they o7€ faconporated- :
| The Seventh pulahls —Thiak! ©
' Plasog clear, complete thought before action almmact
| always produces better vesult. When you think about
Seenettiing ave moore Ukely to clo Pt right. 2
alse gatn knowledge about how to de ft weght
La ain. If you do think about something and set)
| do PE-94 becomes a valuable experfence,
4 eueny Software engfoeer and every Software
tearn simply followed Hooters ¢ °
Of the Apficetties we rhachis weagpare’
i
| comiputer based yetems could be elemfoatedt. ¥ Softer My ths
v ea. . belif's abeut Sf tony,
c\y Sxtware Myths crreenou
oe ‘ Saget te ult Pecan b,
ara fhe process that O vased fry
to the rantitet cays 4 computing Myths howe a rong,
CY altiPouter that mare them shsid/bus
°
Teday , most krawfedgeable Software engtneesn |
Fefertonals veogice my fom hat they ave eons
altitudes that have caused Serfous problems fay rer
and practicfoners alike
Maragement Myths
j Managnns Cofth Software reoporstey the es,
_ & most ditches, aw often under pressene to
| mafotatn budgets, keep schaduler Toe Slipping, and
| :
Enpove quoltig. :
Myth We fterty tave «book thats fall of
Stondavds and procediees fir bulldtng doftwave
Can't that provide my people antth vengthing
they need bo Know ?
; Reality :- The beck of Standends ray Veg AIT ec
“bat fs % used 7 Are Softivave, practittisners ausaye ol
Tes enfbterce 2 Goec fe reflest mectere Softutare
fneewt if A complete 2 Sy fe adapt
enpioceniog prctite 2 Js P
5s % streamlined 49 tropeve tne to dettveny te!
eel rafntatoing @ fous on quatly de way tes , be
Ansuey to all these quesiiins 'ry", ;
Mytbi- Sf We gel bebid schedule , we can add prone |
_ Programmers and caichepometines called. tbe mercoit, hart Software deve loprert Bs col o mechaofbut
" o, late
ae rmanuufactening add people area
| fytwore prefect makes Te later at {frst this
‘geaternent "0H geern dounterintultive «However, a5 new
j ewho were todefng reust sperd
| people ove adicled , people
educating the newcomers» ave véducing the
| efrne
! arrount of time spent 2? Productive development
| effort people can be’ added but only fa a planned
jane well coord frated manner
| Myth SF Tdechde to oubsounce the Software prefer
too third panty 3t can fost relax and let that
(flley bull ee eas
|
(Realty If an Sepontxafon does not understand
| Few to reanage and control softsdoxe profects Rotencall
‘Pt will Fhvorfably Struggle when Tt Cut -Soxetces
ee projects . :
| Gastomes Myths Ir
* eustomes fubo requests 1 Computes Soft wore ray
be a pergon at the next dest a technfeal group
down the Hall , the rrartettng sates deparimert ; oF
ion cutefde company that has requested Software
| managers and practitfoner do tittle to comect
\ mig information « ‘
My A generat Ataterent of obyfect res & suffi
140 begin Lor? eing Prograros toe can ptt fn the
detafle tater.
‘Barty sat © Comprehensive and stable staterat
OF requirement f not alanes possfble an ambipous
“Statement of object Pues"fs a vecfpe for adboster a
| rambigeut vequinemment are cieveloped only i
| ieetive and Gat fracas CommunFeatidn, betiopon \
¢
| custoeney developer.
Myth -Sefteaave vequhemenis cota change re
we
chang® can be enatly accomodated becuse Soft,
& flextble.
Qauter-o4 RS true that soptecone tequPlement
but the Fnport of change varies afth the ity
whlch Pets Fhtroduced . When nequirements
Gre requested fonly, the cast Prpact te vet
Small. However at bine passes, the cost fenpack
have been fostered BY over 0 years Of promammt
ee Reg the tony days taper ott
"2FrOr and otk Mh to
Bale fee Once Sift that “che sconey
iMate ‘wring code" the forget cotl taxe
iad 9% done”, tnaustry card Fodfeate that Geti
V8 Ord 8 percent Of All effort experdied an sfad afl
be expended Af TET chltvered to the cas
fer the Fst tine -
Myer min get the Program renning ft have pe
iy of aresctig Mes quattty, ee ually
of ort F
frbetty sr One of the roost afer! apse the opt
t ved
Jaasuxance mechanfems con he appli we eNOS
of a profect the technical veufetw, Sofeeor nd coe 8
a filter that have heen fe
al
Tica than tecting fe fod Fog costal
classes of Software defects. :
Uytbi- The only delrerable dk product for o
Suceessful prefect f the dking program, 4
; ideality A working program 3 only ene port of
Sefteoove cmtynae that Arcludes many edement
A vonfolyr of Ak products (eg. sive ar shi
Plans) provide 0 fourdation for Successftel 9
ard more Proportant sguldance 70 Softurave Support:
yor wil make us create volumheus and
unnecessary documentation Gnd wit! fhvarfables
Slow as down.
SPY MSE B rot about create documents. r¢
7 is
about Seaton a qualhy Product « Bettey sith
Meads to Yedleeced matroe q
+ det®,
i det vew Hrmes 7 /
¥/8 Genet preceee Moet»
1" Gener® process Moder & o Yeprecentats,,
‘precess hstantfated for each rect pro fect Fcc,
A process fo a collectRo of acePtiy ‘
2 Akh
tasks that ave performed whe achiong and
| Oreatedt. ° See reduce % & be
Fach of these aethPeies, acing pe
‘ SY,
ane
wfthhh a fiarne work(ory model that oy,
‘ith process fives thee, rehage
FE Teh YeUtE fy Taste, ~ 7
o an
The Goflanne pee fa ete gent
Fiomengk tr
Sopiwore precess |
Gees forest
—Genibrcita_oci Mules my
a froma coork aetfity Bt |! |
‘| soe teenig oetton t |
| Tak honk tasks |
sets | ork product i!
| jqualfey tsurance pofnts
4 reek xan ealestones
jae qtoieitag atone }
| TaBK ine. preduct
| a et eee iy
| fect miteatone. ne
ij ae a
1 | Prarmeuos® AckivPty N —
MN pa Ned
‘
G7
foonk product
guattty assurance points ih
profect enflestones. hy
Loft ple cenlnentg coli af
| \yask/ took tase
[imo roduc
Qualtiy assnonce polnts
eee 1)
Fach frame wit otltiy Constte of et of fefbusnre
enghneer’ actiine «Fach actton fe cefthed bay a
task set that Wentifies the acte mee |e corpitted work products that Axil be prontuced
thy assurance ports that att be vequisedt
| qual
woitl be used to Medfate
| art mntldstones that
regress
40 add?tion to flormecork acthPfes a set of
umbrella actiePeres axe applied throughout the
precess
# | Doses Hawi
| Process flow decerPbes how the frameudk acthy Pate
ard actions Ard tasks ove ongaotzed cof vespect
to time and Sequence
Process flow ort categorized Sato four types
|» Magar process flow i-
Fach of the five framewdk activPtles ane perforce
fh sequence beg hort Ith commanteation and
| trdtag wih, developement
REA them
la. teatte process flow !-
| M vepeats one ov move of acthMles before prceedrg
%& next
ey ste fe ay Bop
Se cage
No
2 Euston proses Glow i
AetnteRs ave executed fr cfheulan manners fach
oheute Emough S acthftfes lads to more comple
VevsFon Of Seftwore. . ~~.
‘planning Ky:
« cation | Moctett
orm tie, ea
{ x
a> Dqyrertjehwretnatter
| Tocrement
veleased -
we Pasatlet process flop
lone ov mone acthfties are executed t parallel ath
'
other activitfes.
ferme Tank |
| fama] ty
Vv | To gees
|
model
\
paras Sk
—fesetinetén} — depart
Dettity Hameigon acittty
Dependig on comply of Slt products, the teom
teonking on that proctet Should be able 4o Fdertify
@ sevies of constraints + ‘ane
‘I Actions that ate approprfate -for activi hy
&. Nature of the Problem to be solved.
3-chametertitie of © ple Rovoted fa uxt
4+ Stakeholders tho ove Sproseriog the pefect-
tfyfng 0 sei
Ident fying 2 wk 4
oe Softsose engineering 8CtBn can be rep sented 4
a number of afferent tasks Sets. gash?
i: enee’ ’
ace”
& a cottectio of 1° points and
lak Task set
related wxtk products, qualtey assusane®
Project enffestones »
ates the needs of
A tosk set that best accom
prefect ard chnactertstts of ferro should b¢ too
ae] Process. patterns -
Fuery sfio tearm encounters problems as Pt roves
through the S|» process. Al process pattern descvfbe .
fe encountered dunirg
a process related problem that
Ppies the enuBonrent
sho engineeriog mak cnet Pent!
f whfch the problem hos been encountered ard
fons +o the problems.
| suggests one er more Solute
SEA process pattern provides you arth a ternplate
problem solutfbns wPthin context of
fon descrPbte
patterns, ow sie team
the s[h process By comblinkeg
can aolve problems and construct @ process that
best meets the needs of a project
the template for dieters process patter &
im ots
pattern name s—The pattern % green @ me
name describing Pe uSthin context of sh nye
2 Plocess.
forces The envPronment fh whth the Hern
ercurtered ard the sue that make the ee
Kg moy effect Hs Solutns- Problem vb
| Type The pati
ae fe pattern type fe Spechfied - There an
i 8 ph
i " Sloge Pattern (it depres © srobl ‘
Fth a frarmeuomt acetate for hee wr ostcred
Frame iork oct hey erxoen passes rere) Sirs z
MEE cetfnng "
ae | fhcer
var taukt @ sue fe . om
pave jhat ane ave (OO t
te aioe:
pe gaint creer ol
a jax payne
st ecthe & (8 sat fy atsk pattony,
it
Exe Requternen x
a. phase paitern +(Deftne
eau shat oxcune wFthien the process),
|ahen overftow of actfpetes: fs Pterative fh raiy
IGrielal Qotent 2-
{ Desertbes the dondfebne under whith pattern
| appites: .
BEN The planning patter cequbes that customers
jor sf srg haere have establithed a collabarathe
1 Comomunttation.
“Plobiemi-the tht pobie to be sve tee
pattern:
Solutibn s-Desartbes the hea io Peopement the
Ipatten sucessfully:
‘katt Qxhent s-Desertbes the rordPatbs tha
castll xesult ence the pattern bas been successfully
jReplerertec .
deelated patterns -Proviie a tt of all proces
\ paiterns that one dhectly Yelated to th one.
f
4
plem 1 50CF
‘
Know uses aed ELarPleIntPate the ap
instance Ah whith the pattern & ageitable, x
©
cv
ane
g Presceipuve Lrocess Modet 5:
* eceptter process modelt nie piepy wed tes halen y
der to the chaos of Spo developenent «These tadilaed
meodets Pave breteght cortala amet of esefal
syroctene 40 91% engfreent nak and brave previtled
7 seosoroblt effecttve vood map for s/w teams.
¥ fach process model pregervfbes a proces flow alters
called Kerk flow {e4 the manner fo whieh the process
elements ave Fatewelated to one arothes
46 All software process models can accomedate the
fromenmork actfifties and defines a process
genet
fovokes each frommeccok activtty fra
| fions that
| ateferent cranny:
pf ltr! adel
the water “fal! rata also Known as class UFeayde
Suggests a Systematic Sequential approach to sly
development that begfos arth customer SpectfRatdbn
(of vequPvements and progresses ¢ Planning ,
! medeling » Construction and deployeners .
eng Tt | ad
A varkatBo fh the tepresentatiin of the eater fal!
"edel fk called the v~model. \
Raqahervents Aueeptnnre |
sect
modetiog f ra. |
Ayebfleciine! ystern !
are
Reon |
\
fp of qualtey assurance
FT depts the velatfeosh ;
actfons to the actions assocfated eotth cornu
!
modeling and eons construction aactivPees. !
HAS cs kearn roves down the left side of v, baste |
pacbion vequbernents ave xeftned foto progcesehely
“tne detatted and technical representtatfoos of the
pichlern and Pts selutibn:
Once the code Be generated the team, moves op
the right ede of v ,essenthlly performntog a seta
\ of test that valfdate each of the models created
asa team moved down the left side.
in realty there fs no fundamental difference
o class life gycte and v-model provides a
Visualizing how veriflration and valtatin ac
Gre applied to eontfer ergforentng bork
Ete Dee oC oS
| i
| Dradvantages 1 iri
11. Real piafeets rarely follorss Seq sail ¢
| Although the (near ra
| the model proposed. hour iy As a vesully
accomdate Preratihn, M does Frdtrect a de
changés can Cause confusion as the prof
proceeds. stat
1B TE Pe often olffpfeult por the custome” ad
Vet Pr
t requirements explfePtly. :
'3. the customer must vel patfence. A workiry
| vereton of the pregrann ett not be avetlable unttl
late fa the profect’ tite span. marov blunder, if
Undetected until the program fy vevFowed can
i be ditostious.”
i Thi fe tycle leads to block ng State fh whith
Some project team members musi cont FO other
members of the team to compl et e dependent. taskr, .
¥/ Treremental process Model :~ “An
«| 3 eommunteatto
[11] Pevetng .
| BEB Medentg Graft, cleatyn)
tonstructién Ctede , teat)
i) Deployment Ceetivery 1 feed back)
thot
tuweg
—--=
ond Pea
Toevement An
IR funct rat? Staff Can be added to Prplement the fa
‘ Meat tne
ee
* the elermants
combice?
emental was ccs {i008 apple? neg,
shine a5 tht COlerede,
once produces doth,
a eronnen that 4
The Seer
Hogan ona panied PI
Sequences ho stom”
fre prequess» Zach Uinean §
sie
foevernents of & SOF vag produced RY volute
Getler to the Fever “™~
process flow. tat rede! & used the fie
When an foerern 2,
1 product that fs bast.
Trevement fe often a or PI supple
ed but mony See PPh Pre ng,
vequbements are oddners chick
(0
Features serrata undeltiered «The oR Pe &
used by the customer as a. vesufk of USE Ged,
emluathin a plan te developed for the next
‘The pion addresses the trodtfftation of tht Ome
product to better meet the vequivementt OF the
Customer ard delPrery of add?tfonal féatuves any
Fence fooalfty « The process fe xeprated followtng »
the delery of eoch Snerement untt the tT
product A produced. i
Tbe Roevermental model foruses on the delivery of an
operatidral product oof th each Frevernent. Fe oo
partheulorly useful ashen starting Ps unavaflable
& complete fnplementation by the bustness dead li
ren fas been estabifthed for the project Fly
fecwemente car be Implemented wotth few people
fF the cove prcduct f sel
recfeved then addit6i
u
ae ee
¢| Giolublocartt Process Uodels i “ 1
% ytuore evolves oven a perlod of time. Bustness
ana product requivements often change as velar
went proceeds: making & atrafghe lhe path to an end
| product uereal’rie buta linPted versibn must be
| Srwveduced fo meet competative ox huntrers Pltssuve
& gach sftaatiéne tvolabfareg procass models can be
| taplemented-
These enables ype to develop ‘neveasirgty more
- Coepheke versions of the Software cThere one fd
‘types of evelertiinary process model. -
' U-Prototapir entdel .
1% Spinal model.
j Prototypes Megeli-
|
i
{
oy
j ~ Sc
Corrrunfeattin| | Madetng~
\ es
Ale
} Dplareent] a
| OetRrery and Corstracttn of |
| tude KK Upetgee:
Of
| AP & custome, cleffnes a set a jpreral objectives
(for Seftusere but doeinat Mentify cetalled requivemmt
| for tunetfons ond features. In a cases the developer ~
j oda peasy ef an operatleg Sgatem fm Such Fong,
a prototyping mode! offers the best Solart Pon.
the prototyping medel begins afth communteati,,
| eS acthetty fevoives fotevaction wrth Stare hold,
Ito define the overall objectives of the Softune,
|Feertifg that vequiements ave Known anal outif,,
‘areas chee fimther alefhtivon ts ond? «A
Prototspicg Feervatton % planned quickly and medal
[OeRT-8 guick clesiyn focuses an se presentatlin of
[these aspects of software that ane VPSTbIe to ard
jtser- The quick design leads fo Consttuction of a
| Prototype. The prototype fy deployed and evaluat eq
by the Siateholies whe provide feedback that f
[td fo futher modiftatins: The potty saves
ch oe Fox Hentifying softiame requitement,
|" S Sakthe prototype co be buTt ke can mate
us
ene egret
bone "] Pegrams to be generated
1 uickly,
| Dhedrantages +
{I+ Stake Feldes tee what appease to be wok w
1 Of Softwoare , unaware that the prototype & held
together ard fro Reh to get ft work software
qualPtys oF mattatrabitty B not dmsidered:
29> order to gt a wovetog prototype quickly, ao
Fo appropiate eperatiha system o sfrogracreding
° ferguage moy be used becouse Ff avartable tay axa, . ad tn demorelante tts
ert yb Hoplemeniad eth’
a f
capa ity site
a Plannfng e9ti
Sohal Mad 8
™~
CoreevafeatiA er
t, a Msiettng
Oeiker Goce test
: Feed Back
Spiral model & an solution uctegs‘sedtt’ etnk
cee ce tat of Peto tt conte
and aystematte aspects of coatevfall medel. Sphral
adel fs ditded Foto a set of framework aceite
‘deffoed by tht oftware engincertog team ench of
“the flame whe act Atty vepresents one Segment
‘ef SpPral path.
“As this process bagtos the doftanre team performs actite
that ave fmplfed by achreuPe arcund the apRal fa
clock wise cthection began at conter Rie R
considered as each vevoldtn 1% enacte + Anchor point
italle stones are noted ft each vevolatinaney paths.
Archer pot estes 1
A cornbPratibo of work products and eneftfans that
me attained along the path of the spiral inn devel
anoued spiral 7 a Hiss :
ay bsequert P™ in
cevelop & prototype ory
ung of gv Lach por
adfustner,
the fst con
atia
cf a pect seerfar"hrs
a sphat might be used to
th nessively
PT
threugh the parent 7
to prefect plan
Cost ond schedule Ure ane adjusted based OP en
rack deed from the customer after delevPing
The sphral enodel can be adopted trrougheut ey
We of a computer Softmare. Tt a vealidts
Approach to the develepment of e Scale
ystens
1 ANd Softwares a ¥
| Maduantages —
eu ray be difficult to convence the CUStomne!
prove vers
on nests &
that the evolu foram approach f controllable.
& It demands consterable rik assessment
expertise and vebes on thie expertise fox the
Success
Sf 0 maf ate te not Covered and ere.
frobleens wll occur.
OF Conteasert Models :- ee
aay
feactive
pox aoily
‘
1 Caden k ven the state |
| a afar ergs l
| | developerert Settiny verity
if fohanges n
( Sy
| f | onder \ ) \
; | \ neuf en | |
Pcl weed
|
|
'
|
1
{
|
| fhe
| the akove afag rae provides a &chernatie approach of
‘one se acthitey that fe rrodeltrg acthut ey vthe
| meelg acttvPiy” Poy be fo any one of the State
lat ong her dene. Sfentlarty other actrees ,
jactons and tasks can be represented fn an analog
rus manned VAN S& acthePetes extst concuertent ly
| but veePde fr different states: ,
Eur fosly ta prefect the communtont fon actAck
bas completed Pes fivet feeratidn and eufet fo
|asstthg changes State The medieli ace Perey
which eatsted frackfve State whrle Pe al
| Cormmenkeation was completed He row takes @
Liaretiibn fate ander development Sate: 7F *
castomen Prditodes that chor
fy made, The modeling actiery maeve® crerloproent Atate fn to awh fog ‘to “a
¥ Spectaltved process Modely + _
La, Spectaltsed provers rradiele reflects mq aoe
of (iadPiicaal models « ‘
hese models tend 40 be appited when “Preis
o remowly degtned suv tafnennig ApHCG Le
choten
Cernponent based development s-
ives Off the~ aherg (corg’) jn Cormponents,
ad Yy Werdort soho offex them os Products
Provide targeted Toactfonaltiy wht well dered
MeHfacea hat enable. the component to be tegate
Into Boftwate that fs to be. buflt.
4 Irconprrates many characterietiee of Sphval mad
Ord % evolutfonayy fo natung.
Ht constructs Applications from Prepackaged fornpert,
** Models and constwuctlon acthPites beg hts
the Fdenttfiatlon of cordfdate cornponents. these
components Can be destgredt 95 ether conv entibnal
Shas moduler ov Object oriented clacses tov)
Packages of classes.
¥ Genponents bated development rrodel Paconporat
the Followoirg steps:
b AvaFlable Cormponert based products one ieteonched
WValuated for appiPeatibn ctomafn fr yrrtbr.
a Genponent rtegratibn SStues one constdeved .
I Lae
faned 10 errocet
|a.n sopticore avctticctane fe deny
I ere “Sampchle acupe
te. Genpenents ane Prtaprated rio architec!
sree FACPO
/ tre i ected to °F
5 Cornprebersive feeder fe conde
| fonctforalty. eo
t
|) Component - based development model teads fe
Sm veuse.
# This helps % peducttg time and cost:
F| Format Methods Model +-
| the formal development model consis of a set of
j acthPires that leads to formal rrathernativcal
1 Speetfitatfon of computer sla,
\# Forrnal methods enables to Specthy cevefop and
i verify a computer based system apply Fag 7
vigorous , mathematital ndtatibn.,
HF When jused dusk evelopment, these methods
provide a mechan en for Setoatle mony of the
problems that, ane PERLE 46 Overcome eahy oth,
pavaddio ms q er
i* Ammbigatty , facompleteness and
j taeovered and connected easPly
When used duv?. detfya A Seve ag tbeasity for
| Pegrem wertfat fon ard tables to ARScoven ard
| comect uundeteted eriong.
Pneesitency Can be
* Teme contuming and eupensive
+ Extensive ofa fe vequived .
|
rc — l
BO Hm, in
Peale “hey,
ya CF
use
we Qypiiatt to id custoraey.
\
for teelnfeatly unteph developrozot . |
Oded Sof two = thot fe rte, |
Aspect quote ware process fe
# Regardless of the soft 7 Prvantobly Frplongl
: ten ord Bre
Mita te
Ewart
Ler Sof
The hufldews of cornpe! fare
@ set of localked feature,
Content.
ems become Wing
AS cnodern computer based aye is aha
Sophttitated Certaln concerng span
# Some concerns are big level” properties of Byeten
Ce SecuaPhy 1 fault tolerance etc) Some effect
| Abt others axe Rysternatte.
* When Corceyns Cut Geross mutt!
: iple System Pancigy|
i Features and J ifomatie, they axe Nefined a9 Q
STS catty Corcer ng, -
# Aspect clerte ¥
hese cross aie Comeenns thet
Show Fropact acunes Softureve Othheectuve.
‘* Aspect fe an Sn ¢
Tents Paradiorn that provitt
& process anc "wethocblonfeat PPloach , Foy deft Fi
SPething, deston Orel &
POnetrecg spect
® Abpect Oented process Oddo pt chatacterPotine of
ir ANd Concemre i srizd Process Model 2-
| Qnifitd Recess Ue
as
sé ae [Plenetg FE —~ftatoratn
- ‘ Modeling
ta
\ ii
‘1 ha tt
|| TBeployenect} — Ponatracdal
Db ra Py TTS
| RS ti [x mructibe
| “3
oh Troretion
(Sofecoave Tncrernent production
Unified process % 0. use case hiven , cerchPteckuse
contrfe, Peerative and itcvernental Softcore procese .
‘The untied process an attempt fo dyato on the
[est features and ‘chovacterPsties of trodPfonal tofla
i