Climate Change - Edited

Human society and the natural environment are required and play a crucial role in agriculture.
The current worldwide environmental changes like climate change have caused it. Unnecessary
agriculture also contributes to GHG, gas emissions, and, more importantly, CH4, accounting for
about 20% of such releases (Rosenzweig and Hillel, 2000). Agrarian ecosystems differ widely,
from highly rigorous farming systems such as arable cropping systems in Western Europe to
low-input agricultural systems such as maintenance farming in sub-Saharan Africa. The severe
agriculture systems were linked to the highest emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture
(Garnier et al., 2019; Amede et al., 2023; Bennetzen et al., 2016). While severe agricultural
structures are linked with the maximum discharges of GHGs, low-input farming systems, mainly
those in peripheral areas, maybe most harshly affected by climate change. These structures are
helpless to the harmful impacts of climate change, such as drought, dangerous weather events,
and soil erosion (Reilly and Schimmel Pfennig, 1999; Kates, 2000). The motivation behind the
vast agricultural sector is the high demand for food; because the population is proliferating, they
require a large amount of agriculture. It has also increased the consumption of meat. The
growing population, their demand for food production, and more affluent people with a higher
proportion of meat in their diets are the key reasons for the increasing demand for food and fibre.
(Evans, 1998). As a result of the increasing demand for food and fibre, farming exerts increasing
pressure on land and water resources worldwide. This can lead to land degradation, including
soil erosion, Stalinization, and pollution. The burden on land and water resources from farming
can have harmful effects on the environment and the sustainability of the agricultural systems
(Kirchmann and Thorvaldsson, 2000).
The impact of climate change varies according to different dimensions, such as the particular
geographical domain, the types of crops grown, and the indigenous farming practices. In some
areas, climate change may lead to high crop yield growth, while in others, it may lead to reduced
harvests and other harmful effects on agriculture (Parry et al., 1999). The impact of climate
change on farming depends on various aspects, including current climatic and soil conditions, the
direction of change, and the accessibility of resources and infrastructure to adapt to change. The
European continent significantly differs in climatic conditions, soils, land use, infrastructure, and
political and economic conditions (Bouma et al., 1998; Rabbinge and van Diepen, 2000).
Cultivation has always caused some direct emissions, such as methane from animals and carbon
dioxide from soils, but changes in animal feeding and land cultivation practices have increased
these emissions (Stavi & Lal, 2013). Farming is an essential part of human survival, but it also
influences the environment and climate. Farming covers 40 per cent of the earth and land and
uses a significant 70 per cent amount of tubercular water globally.
Much of the global population is also employed in farming and related industries. Climate
change is already disturbing agriculture, leading to crop failures, biodiversity loss, and increased
pests and diseases (McIntyre, 2009). Nitrous oxide is a GHG that is a comparatively new
environmental threat. It occurs logically, but its levels have enlarged meaningfully due to the
augmented use of synthetic fertilizers in agriculture. Direct emissions related to cultivation
universal are estimated to make up 13.5 per cent of all GHG emissions and about 6 per cent of
U.S. emissions. Farming is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and nitrous
oxide is one of the key donors in the agriculture sector (Menegat et al., 2022; Johnson et al.,
2016). Cultivation not only contributes to greenhouse gas emissions through the use of fuel wood
but also through cutting forests. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO),
cutting forests worldwide, mainly linked to the expansion of agricultural areas, is estimated to be
responsible for 17.4 per cent of GHG emissions. When land-living use changes are added to the
emissions caused by agricultural activities, the sector and overall impact on climate change
becomes much more significant (Cochrane, 2009).

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Human society and the natural environment are required and play a crucial role in agriculture.

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