Telecommunication:

Ensuring Connectivity
What is the
relation of
Telecommunication
in Electrical
Engineering Field?
 The rapid advancement of
technology has led to a
significant convergence of
telecommunications and
electrical engineering, two fields
that were once distinct. Today,
telecommunications rely heavily
on electrical engineering
principles to design, develop,
and optimize communication
systems.
We will delve into the world
of signal processing,
wireless communication,
power systems,
cybersecurity, and
sustainable technologies,
examining how electrical
engineering principles are
applied to
telecommunications.
 Nowadays, we are facing the
degree of hunger for faster and
well-enhanced processes in every
situation. Telecommunications
and electrical engineering are
both roads to achieve the fastest
way to produce, to think, to
educate, to construct and any
other action in the community.
TRENDS
 Signal Processing: The general Examples:
principles of signal processing Audio Compression: Compressing audio
involve extracting useful signals to reduce their bandwidth and
information from signals, removing improve transmission efficiency. For
noise and interference, and
example, MP3 compression is used to
enhancing signal quality. This
compress audio files for digital music
includes techniques such as
distribution.
filtering, amplification, and
modulation. Signal processing is a
Image Compression: Compressing image
crucial aspect of electrical signals to reduce their size and improve
engineering, as it involves the transmission efficiency. For example,
manipulation and analysis of signals JPEG compression is used to compress
to extract useful information. images for digital photography.
 Wireless communication refers to the
Examples: transfer of information or data between
Cellular Networks two or more points without using any
Wireless Local Area physical medium, such as wires or
Networks (WLANs) cables. This is achieved through the use
Satellite Communication of electromagnetic waves, such as radio
waves, microwaves, or infrared light, to
transmit and receive data. Wireless
communication is a crucial aspect of
electrical engineering, as it enables the
transfer of information between devices
without the use of physical media.
Power Systems: Power systems refer to the
infrastructure and resources needed to
provide energy to support various activities.
This includes the generation, transmission,
and distribution of energy, as well as the
management of energy resources. They
involve the generation, transmission,
distribution, and utilization of electrical
power.

Examples:
Thermal Power Plants
Hydroelectric Power Plants
Renewable Energy Systems
Cybersecurity: Cybersecurity refers to
the practices and technologies used
to protect digital information and
systems from unauthorized access,
use, disclosure, disruption,
modification, or destruction. This
includes measures such as
encryption, firewalls, and access
controls. examples of power systems
with electrical engineering

Examples:
Network Security
Cryptography
 Sustainable Technologies: Sustainable
technologies refer to the use of resources
and systems in a way that minimizes harm to
the environment and conserves natural
resources for future generations. This
includes the development and use of Examples:
renewable energy sources, sustainable Energy Storage Systems
materials, and waste reduction strategies. Energy Efficiency Technologies
They involve the development and
application of technologies that minimize
environmental impact, reduce energy
consumption, and promote sustainable
development.
ISSUES
 Power Consumption
Telecommunications networks,
particularly mobile and satellite
systems, demand substantial energy
for operation. With the expansion of
5G technology, which requires a
higher density of cell towers and
infrastructure, energy consumption
has surged. This not only increases
operational expenses but also raises
environmental concerns, pushing for
more sustainable, energy-efficient
solutions.
 Security and Privacy
Telecommunications networks
transmit vast amounts of sensitive
information, such as financial
transactions and personal data.
Ensuring security is critical as threats
like data breaches, hacking, and
cyber-attacks can compromise
network integrity. Engineers focus on
encryption, secure protocols, and
intrusion detection systems to
mitigate these risks.
 Latency and Network Delays
Latency is a key issue affecting real-
time applications like video
conferencing, online gaming, and
industrial automation. Causes include
signal propagation delays over long
distances, network congestion, and
inefficient system architecture.
Reducing latency is essential to
improving user experience and
system performance, particularly in
5G and future communication
technologies.
 Limited Range of Wireless Networks
Wireless networks often experience
range limitations, especially in rural or
remote areas where traditional cell
towers fail to provide adequate
coverage. Terrain, infrastructure
gaps, and the high cost of network
expansion are significant obstacles.
Innovative solutions such as satellite
communications, small cells, and
alternative energy sources are being
explored to improve coverage.
 Maintenance and Fault Diagnosis
Regular maintenance and quick fault
diagnosis are vital to maintaining
network reliability and minimizing
downtime. Engineers face challenges
in monitoring aging infrastructure,
diagnosing faults in remote or
underground systems, and
preventing network failures.
Predictive maintenance, AI-driven
diagnostics, and real-time monitoring
tools are helping to improve the
maintenance process.
CHALLENGES
1. Interoperability and Standardization
- Protocol Diversity
- Legacy Systems
- Standardization Gaps

2. Network Performance and Reliability

- Harsh Environment
- Latency and Bandwidth
- Network Resilience

3. Security and Resilience

- Cybersecurity Threats
- Physical Security
- Data Integrity
4. Emerging Technology
- Wireless Communication
- Internet of Things (IoT)
- Edge Computing

5. Cost and Complexity

- Infrastructure Cost
- Complexity of Intergration
 COURSES THAT ARE PART OF THE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM
THAT RELATED TO
TELECOMMUNICATION
COURSES THAT ARE PART OF THE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAM
THAT RELATED TO
TELECOMMUNICATION
Electronic Circuits: Devices and Analysis - It covers
fundamental concepts of electronic components and circuit
design, which are essential for building communication devices
and systems. Understanding these circuits is crucial for
designing transmitters, receivers, and other telecommunication
equipment.
Electromagnetics - It covers key concepts like electromagnetic
waves, transmission lines, antennas, and wave propagation,
which are vital for understanding signal transmission and
reception in communication systems. Knowledge of
electromagnetics is essential for designing devices such as
antennas and wireless communication systems.
Electrical Transients - This course focuses on transient
responses in electrical circuits and how signals behave during
sudden changes, which is crucial for maintaining signal integrity
and system reliability. Understanding these transients is
essential for designing robust communication systems, as they
impact signal quality and performance.
Fundamentals of Electronic Communications - This course
covers essential concepts like modulation, signal transmission,
and reception techniques, which are foundational for
understanding communication systems. It provides the
theoretical background necessary for more advanced
telecommunication topics.
Microprocessor Systems - This course covers the architecture
and programming of microprocessors, which are used in
everything from smartphones to network routers. Understanding
microprocessor systems is essential for developing and
optimizing telecommunication equipment and applications.
Feedback Control Systems - This course focuses on control
theory and designing systems that ensure desired outputs
despite disturbances. In telecommunications, feedback
mechanisms are vital for maintaining signal quality, managing
bandwidth, and optimizing system performance.
 TELECOMMUNICATION
COMPANIES IN THE
PHILIPPINES WHERE YOU
CAN WORK AS AN
ENGINEER
 Top telecommunications
provider in the Philippines,
offering a range of services like
mobile, fixed-line, and
broadband. It focuses on
innovation, expanding its
network with fiber optics and
5G, while also promoting
sustainability and community
empowerment through digital
solutions. PLDT
 Globe Telecom is a major
telecommunications provider in
the Philippines, offering mobile
and broadband services. It
prioritizes innovation and
customer experience while
promoting sustainability and
community empowerment
through digital solutions.
Globe Telecom
Top mobile network operator in
the Philippines, offering
services such as mobile data,
voice, and messaging. A
subsidiary of PLDT, it focuses
on providing innovative
solutions, including 5G
technology and various digital
services. Smart is dedicated to
enhancing customer
experience and connectivity
while supporting community Smart
initiatives and sustainability Communications
efforts
 Prominent provider of cable
television and broadband
services in the Philippines. It
offers a variety of
entertainment and internet
packages, focusing on
delivering high-quality content
and reliable connectivity. The
company is committed to
enhancing customer
experience through innovative Sky Cable
solutions and excellent service. Corporation
 Leading internet service
provider in the Philippines,
specializing in high-speed fiber
internet services. The company
aims to deliver reliable and
affordable connectivity to
homes and businesses, focusing
on customer satisfaction and
innovative solutions to enhance
digital experiences across the
country.
Converge ICT
Solutions
 New telecommunications
provider in the Philippines,
focused on delivering
competitive mobile services
and high-speed internet.
Launched to enhance
connectivity options, Dito aims
to provide affordable and
reliable communication
solutions, leveraging advanced
technology to improve
customer experience across
Dito
the nation. Telecommunity
Integrated Micro-Electronics,
Inc. (IMI) is a global provider of
electronic manufacturing
services based in the
Philippines. The company
specializes in advanced
technology solutions, including
automotive, industrial, and
telecommunications
applications. IMI focuses on
delivering high-quality,
innovative products while
emphasizing sustainability and Integrated Micro-
operational excellence in its
manufacturing processes.
Electronics, Inc. (IMI)
Here are several companies related to
electrical engineering and
telecommunications, along with their
respective countries:
Cisco Systems - United States: Specializes in networking hardware,
software, and telecommunications equipment.
Nokia - Finland: Provides network infrastructure and technology
solutions for mobile and fixed communications.
Ericsson - Sweden: Focuses on telecommunications equipment and
services, particularly in 5G technology.
Huawei - China: A global leader in telecommunications equipment and
consumer electronics.
Qualcomm - United States: Known for semiconductor technology and
telecommunications equipment, particularly in mobile communications.
SOLUTIONS
1.) Optimize network design and
operations

•To do so, you can deploy low-power base stations

that use renewable energy sources or batteries.
Additionally, consider consolidating data centers
and using virtualization and cloud computing
technologies to reduce server load and cooling
needs
2.) 4 practices for data privacy in
telecommunications

A.) Asses data privacy risks

The first step for securing data privacy is to

identify and assess the potential risks that
telecommunication services face. These risks may
include unauthorized access, theft, loss, or
disclosure of data, as well as legal or regulatory
penalties, reputational damage, or customer
dissatisfaction.

B.) Implement data protection measures

The second step for securing data privacy is to

implement effective and appropriate data
protection measures, such as encryption,
anonymization, access control, backup, and
recovery.
c.) Educate and train staff/customers

The third step for securing data privacy is to

educate and train staff and customers on the
importance and best practices of data privacy.

d.) Monitor and update data privacy practices

The fourth step for securing data privacy is to

monitor and update data privacy practices
according to the changing needs and expectations
of the business, the customers, and the regulators.
3.) Solutions for Latency and Network
Delays
• Edge computing: Edge computing uses data
processing near the network's edge to minimize
latency by processing information closer to the
source rather than in remote data centers.

• Optimized Routing Algorithms: By putting more

effective algorithms in place to choose the
optimal path for data packets on the run, network
congestion-related delays can be reduced.

• Network Slicing: This technique divides 5G

networks into virtual networks dedicated to
particular use cases. One slice, for instance, can
give priority to low-latency apps, such as online
gaming and video streaming, so that there aren't
any delays for those apps.
4.) Solutions for Limited Range of
Wireless Networks

• Satellite Internet & Low-Earth Orbit (LEO)

Satellites: Companies like SpaceX’s Starlink and
OneWeb are deploying LEO satellites that offer
more extensive coverage, particularly in remote
or rural areas. These systems have lower latency
than traditional geostationary satellites and
can reach regions lacking cellular
infrastructure.

• Deployment of Small Cells: Small cells are low-

power, short-range wireless access points that
can be deployed densely to provide more
consistent coverage in rural and hard-to-reach
areas. These are cost-effective and can improve
both coverage and capacity.
 5.) Solutions for Maintenance and
Fault Diagnosis

• AI-Driven Predictive Maintenance: Machine

learning algorithms can predict network
failures based on historical data and usage
patterns, allowing network operators to
preemptively address potential faults
before they escalate into serious issues.

• Automation and Drones: In hard-to-reach

places, drones can be used to inspect
infrastructure or network towers, while
automated systems can run diagnostics and
carry out basic repairs.