Police Organization and Administration

Presented By:

Crmngst. Dominic Guiao

What is the etymology of the word police?

� The word police originated from the Greek word "politeia" which means government
of a city or civil organization and the state

How did policing formally evolved?

� In 1829, Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Act, passed by the
parliament of England in the same year, which led to the creation of Metropolitan
Police Force of London, which is viewed as the first organized uniformed police
force. This police force was later on named as the Scotland Yard. Being the
originator and the first head of such police organization, Sir Robert Peel has
earned the title "Father of Modern Policing System"

What are the fundamental theories of police service?

� Continental Theory - Police officers are considered servants of the higher

authorities and the people have little or no share at all in their duties, nor any
direct connection with them. This theory prevail among continental countries, like
France, Italy, Spain, where the governmental structure follows the centralized
pattern.

� Home-Rule Theory - Police officers are considered as servants of the community

who depend for the effectiveness oftheir functions upon the express wishes ofthe
people. In this theory, police officers are civil employees whose primary duty is
the preservation of public peace and security. This is practiced in England and in
United States of America, where the governmental structure is decentralized.

What are the fundamental concepts of police service?

� Old Concept - police service is looked upon the police as merely as repressive
machinery. This old philosophy means throwing more people in jail rather than
keeping them out of jail. Under this concept, punishment is the sole instrument of
crime control. The yardstick of efficiency of the police is more arrest.

� Modern Concept - police service considers the police as an organ of crime

prevention. Police service today has broadened its activities to include certain
aspects of social service and has for its objective the welfare of the individual
as well as that of the society. Under this philosophy, the yardstick of efficiency
of the police is the absence of crime.

What is the organizational structure of the PNP?

� Line and Staff Organization

Is a combination of the line and functional types. It combines staff specialists

such as the criminalist, the training officer, the research and development
specialist etc. Channels of responsibility is to "think and provide expertise" for
the line units. The line supervisor must remember that he obtains advice from the
staff specialists.

What are the different functions in the PNP?

� Line functions - are the backbone of the police

department which include patrol, investigation and traffic control which is

performed by "line members" including patrol officer, sergeant and the chief of
police

� Staff functions - are those operations assigned to support the line functions,
staff members are necessarily advisors who are typically assigned to planning,
research, legal advice and budgeting. Staff members are often civilians with
specialized training. The main function is to study police policies and practices
and to offer proposals to the chief executive of the department.

What are the fundamental principles of police organization?

� Unity of command

� Chain of command

� Span of control

� Delegation of authority

� Command responsibility

How did policing in the Philippines evolved?

� Spanish Regime

- The Guardrilleros - This was body of rural police organized in each town and
established by the Royal Decree of January 8, 1836. This Act provided that 5% of
the able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this
police organization for 3 years.

- Carabineros de Seguridad Publica - This was organized in 1712 for the purpose of
carrying out the regulations of the department of state. It was armed with
carbines. In 1781, it was given the special commission of government custodian of
the tobacco monopoly. By Royal Decree on December 20, 1842, it was organized and
called CUERPO DE CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD PUBLICA, hence, its duties become police
like and more general.

- The Guardia Civil- this was created by a Royal decree issued by the Crown on
February 12, 1852 to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of their work
in policing towns. It was composed mostly of Filipinos.

American Occupation

� November 30, 1980 - creation of Insular Police Force

� July 18, 1901- creation of Insular Constabulary by Virtue of Act # 175

� July 31, 1901- Manila Police Department was organized by virtue of Act # 183

� October 3, 1901- Insular Constabulary was changed to Philippine Constabulary by

virtue of Act # 255

� January 2, 1942 - first element of the Japanese Imperial Army entered manila
called KEMPETAI. It is on this date that Manila Police department was renamed
Metropolitan Constabulary under the Bureau of Constabulary

� February 7, 1945 - General Macarthur returned to the Philippines and the Battle
of Manila ended. Manila Police Department was reconstituted.

Related Laws

Republic Act # 4864 (Police Act of 1966) - it was enacted on September 8, 1966
which created the Office of Police Commission which was later called NAPOLCOM.

Presidential Decree # 765 - it was enacted on August 8, 1975 which created the
Integrated National Police and provides for the NAPOLCOM to be under the Office of
Ministry of National Defense

Republic Act #6040 (Tolentino Law) - empowering the Police Commission to give
appropriate examinations to officers and members of police force aimed at
professionalizing police services.

Republic Act #6975 (Department of Interior and Local Government Act of 1990) -
establishing the Philippine National Police. Enacted December 13, 1990 which
abolished the PC-INP and created agencies under the DILG (PNP, BFP, BJMP & PPSC).

Republic Act #8551 (PNP Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998)� created on February
25, 1998 which provides for the reformation and professlonallzatlon of the PNP.

What is the organizational set-up of the PNP?

� The PNP shall be headed by A Chief, with a rank of Director General, who shall be
assisted by two Deputy Chiefs: One for Administration, who happens to be the second
in command; and one for Operation who is third in command with a rank of Deputy
Director General.

The head of the Directorial Staff with the rank of Deputy Director General is known
as Chief of the Directorial Staff of the PNP.

The PNP organizational structure is composed of a National Office, Regional

Offices, Provincial Offices, district Offices, and City/municipal offices.

What is the manning level in the PNP?

� On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall be approximately
in accordance with

a police-to-population ration of one policeman to every 500 persons. The actual

strength ofthe city or municipal police stations shall depend on the state of peace
and order, population density and actual demands ofthe service in the particular
area. Provided, that the minimum police-to-population ratio shall not be less than
one policeman to every 1000 persons.

What are the different ranks in the PNP and their equivalence in the military?

� Police Ranks

� A. Commissioned Officers (PCO)

Director General (DG)

Deputy Director General (DDG) Director (Dir)

Chief Superintendent (CSupt)

Senior Superintendent (SSupt) Superintendent (Supt)

Chief Inspector (Clnsp)

Senior Inspector (Slnsp) Inspector (Insp)

� Non-Commissioned Officers (PNCO)

Senior Police Officer IV (SPO IV) Senior Police Officer III (SPO III) Senior Police
Officer II (SPO II) Senior Police Officer I (SPO I) Police Officer III (PO III)

Police Officer II (PO II)

Police Officer I (PO I)

� Cadets of the Philippine National Police Academy are classified above the SP04
and below Inspector rank in the PNP

What is the age, height, weight and educational requirement in the PNP?

� Age requirement-for new applicants, must not be less than 21 years of age at the
time of application or more than 30 years of age

� Height requirement- 5' 4" (1.62m) for male and 5'2" (l.57m) for females or 5'2"
for males and 5'0" forfemales under the waiver program

� Weight requirement- must not be more or less 5 kilograms ofthe standard weight
corresponding to his/her height, age and sex.

� Educational Requirement- baccalaureate degree

� What are the natures of appointment in the PNP?

� Temporary - if the applicant passes through the waiver program as provided by RA

8551
� Probationary- if the applicant passes through the regular screening procedures

� Permanent- if the applicant able to finish the required field training program
for permanency.

� How is appointment in the PNP affected?

� POI to SP04 - appointed by the PNP Regional Director for Regional personnel or by
the Chief PNP for National Headquarters' personnel and attested by the Civil
Service Commission (CSC)

� Inspector to Superintendent - appointed by the Chief PNP as recommended by their

immediate supervisor and attested by theCSC.

� Sr. Supt. to Dep. Dir. Gen. - Appointed by the President upon the recommendation
ofthe Chief PNP with the endorsement of the CSC and with confirmation by the
Commission on Appointment (CAl.

� Director General- appointed by the President from among the most senior officers
down to the rank of Chief Superintendent in the service subject to the confirmation
of the Commission on Appointments.

� How is waiver for initial appointment affected in the PNP?

The age, height and weight and educational requirements for initial appointment to
the PNP may be waived only when the number of qualified applicants falls below the
minimum annual quota.

The NAPOLCOM may grant waiver of age, height, weight or educational requirements.

Waiver of age may be granted provided the applicant should not be less than 20 or
over 35 years of age.

Waiver of the height requirement may be granted to male applicant who is at least
1.57m and 1.52m for female applicants; provided that the NAPOLCOM may set a lower
height requirement for applicants who belong to cuRural minorities duly certified
by the Office of Muslim Affairs of the Appropriate Government Entity. Provided,
further, that the NAPOLCOM may require said applicant to submit their membership in
a certain cultural minority.

An applicant who is granted a weight requirement shall be given reasonable time but
not exceeding 6 months within which to comply with said requirements.

Waiver of educational requirements may be granted to an applicant who has finished

second year college or has earned at least 72 collegiate units leading to a
bachelor's degree. Provided that any person who will enter the service without a
baccalaureate degree shall be given a maximum of four years to obtain the required
educational requirements_

How is lateral entry affected in the PNP?

� In general, all original appointment for Commissioned Officers (CO) shall
commenced with the rank of Inspector, such as dentist, optometrist, nurses,
engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences. Doctors of Medicine, members of the
Bar and Chaplains shall be appointed to the Rank of Senior Inspector in their
particular technical services. Graduates of the PNPA shall be automatically
appointed to the initial rank of Inspector. Licensed Criminologist may be appointed
to the rank of Inspector to fill up any vacancy.

How is PNP performance evaluation conducted?

� Appraisal refers to the process of measuring the performance of PNP members. It

is also known as "Performance Evaluation System". The Performance Evaluation in the
PNP is focused on two areas: administrative (40%), and operational (60 %). It is
conducted once every 6 months or twice a year.

� Promotion by Virtue of Exhibited Acts (Special Promotion)

� Promotion by Virtue of Position

� Any PNP member designated to any key position whose rank is lower than which is
required for such position shall, after 6 months of occupying the same, be entitled
to a promotion, subject to the availability of vacant positions. Provided, that the
member shall not be reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank until after
two years form the date of such promotion. Provided further, that any member
designated to the position who does not possess the established minimum
qualifications thereof shall occupy the same for not more than 6 months without
extension

Attrition by Attainment of Maximum tenure of PNP members holding key positions as

prescribed herein:

Position Maximum Tenure

PNP Chief 4 Years

PNP Dep. Director Director for Staff Service Regional Directors Provincial/City
Director

4 Years 4 Years 6 Years 9 Years

Attrition by Rei ief - A PN P uniformed personnel who has been relieved for just
cause and has not been given an assignment within 2 years after such relief shall
be retired or separated.
Attrition by Demotion in Position or Rank - Any PNP personnel, civilian or
uniformed, who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than what is
established for his or her grade in the PNP Staffing Pattern and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to his or her grade within 18 months after such
demotion in position shall be retired or separated.

� Attrition by Non-promotion - Any PNP personnel who has not been promoted for a
continuous period of 10 years shall be retired or separated.

� Any personnel of the PNP who is dismissed pursuant to attrition shall be retired
if he or she has rendered at least 20 years of service and separated if he or she
has rendered less than 20 years unless the personnel is disqualified by law to
receive such benefits.

How is the salary of PNP members?

� The uniformed members ofthe PNP are considered employees of the National
Government and draw their salaries there from. They have the same salary grade that
of a public school teacher, PNP member assigned in Metropolitan Manila, Chartered
Cities and first class municipalities may be paid financial incentives by the local
government unit concerned subject to the availability of funds

What are the PNP benefits and privileges?

Incentives and Awards - The DI LG shall promulgate standards on incentives and

award system in the PNP administered by the Board of Incentives and Awards. Awards
may be in the form of decorations, service medals and citation badges or in
monetary considerations.

� Authorized decorations are: - Police Medal of Valor

- Police Medal of Merit

- Wounded Police Medal

- Police Efficiency Medal

- Police Service Medal

- Police Unit Citation badge

� Posthumous Award - in case an individual who distinguish himself dies before the
granting of the awards.

Longevity Pay and Allowances - Under RA 6975, PNP personnel are entitled to
longevity pay of 10% of their basic monthly salaries for every five years of
service but the totality of such longevity pay does not exceed 50% of the basic
pay. However, they also continue to enjoy the:

- Subsistence allowance

- Quarter allowance

- Clothing allowance

- Cost of living allowance

- Hazard pay

- Others

Retirement Benefits - There is a monthly retirement pay of 50% of the base pay and
longevity pay of the retired grade in case of 20 years of active service,
increasing by 2.5% for every year of active service and rendered beyond 20 years to
maximum of 90% for 36 years of service and over. Payment of the retirement benefit
in lump sum is made within 6 months from effectivity date of retirement and/or
completion. Retirement pay of PNP members is subject of adjustment based on
prevailing scale of base pay of Police personnel in the active service.

� Permanent Physical Disability - A PNP member who is permanently and totally

disabled as a result of injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the performance
of duty as certified by the NAPOLCOM, upon finding and certification of a medical
officer, that the extent of disability or sickness render such member unfit or
unable to further perform the duties of his/her position, is entitled to a gratuity
pay equivalent to a one years salary and to a lifetime pension equivalent to 80% of
his/her last salary, in addition to other benefits as provided by existing laws.

� Early retirement Benefit - A PNP member at his or her own request and with the
approval ofthe NAPOLCOM, retire from the police service and he paid separation
benefits corresponding to a position 2 ranks higher than hi/her present rank,
whether temporary or permanent subject to conditions:

What are the nature of complaints against PNP members?

� Citizen's Complaint - Any complaint by a natural or juridical person against any

PNP member shall be brought before the following:

- Chiefs of Police - where the offense is punishable by withholding of privileges,

restriction to specified limits, suspension or forfeiture of salary, or any
combination thereof, for a period not exceeding 15 days;

- Mayors of cities and municipalities - where the offense is punishable by

withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or
forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period of not less than 16
days but not exceeding 30 days;

- People's Law Enforcement Board (PLEB) - where the offense is punishable by

withholding of privileges, restriction to specified limits, suspension or
forfeiture of salary, or any combination thereof, for a period exceeding 30 days or
dismissal.

� Breach of Internal Discipline - refers to any offense committed by a PNP member

affecting order and discipline within the police organization.

- Chiefs of Police or equivalent supervisor may summarily impose the administrative

penalties in all cases provided that it does not exceed 15 days.

- Provincial Director or equivalent supervisor may summarily impose the

administrative penalties in all cases provided that it does not exceed 30 days.

- The Regional Director or equivalent supervisor may summarily impose the

administrative penalties in all cases provided that it does not exceed 60 days.

- The Chief PNP or equivalent supervisor may summarily impose the administrative
penalty of dismissal from service. He may also impose the penalty of admonition or
reprimand, restrictive custody, withholding of privileges, suspension or forfeiture
of salary, demotion, or any combination thereof for a period not exceeding 180
days.

� A "minor offense" shall refer to any act or omission not involving moral
turpitude, but affecting internal discipline which include but not limited to the
following

� a. Simple misconduct or negligence

� b. Insubordination

� c. Frequent absences or tardiness

� d. Habitual Drunkenness

� e. Gambling prohibited by law.

� "Forum shopping" or multiple filing complaints - When an administrative case is

filed with a police disciplinary authority, no other case involving the same cause
of action shall be filed with any other disciplinary authority.

� THE END

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