Q1# Three application of e – commerce?

E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods or services online. There
are many different types of e-commerce applications, each with their own features and functions. Here
are some examples

1. Digital products: E-commerce can also involve the selling of digital products, such as e-books,
music, and software. Examples include iTunes, Kindle Store, and Steam.

2. Social media commerce: This refers to the integration of e-commerce functionality into social
media platforms. For example, Facebook and Instagram allow businesses to set up shops and
sell directly through their pages.

3. Online marketplaces: These platforms allow multiple sellers to list and sell their products to
customers. Examples include Amazon, eBay, and Etsy.

4. E-commerce platforms: These are software applications that enable businesses to create and
manage their own online stores. Examples include Shopify, Magento, and WooCommerce.

Q# Backup and its types:

Backup refers to the process of copying and storing data to protect against data loss. There are several
types of backups:

1. Full backup: A complete backup of all data in a system or environment.

2. Incremental backup: A backup of only the data that has changed since the last backup.
3. Differential backup: A backup of all data that has changed since the last full backup.
4. Mirror backup: A backup that creates a duplicate copy of the data in real-time.

Q# E-commerce risk:

E-commerce poses several risks, including:

1. Cybersecurity threats, such as hacking, malware, and phishing.

2. Data breaches, where sensitive information such as customer data is stolen.
3. Fraudulent activities, including credit card fraud and chargebacks.
4. Technical issues, such as server downtime and website crashes.
5. Legal and regulatory risks, such as compliance with data privacy laws.

Q#3 Business Continuity Plan?

A business continuity plan (BCP) is a comprehensive strategy that outlines how a business will continue
to operate during and after a disruptive event, such as a natural disaster, cyber attack, or pandemic. A
BCP includes procedures for restoring critical business processes, communication plans for employees
and stakeholders, and a plan for testing and maintaining the plan over time.
Q#4 Data Warehouse and Utilities?

A data warehouse is a large repository of data that is designed to support business intelligence (BI) and
analytics. Data warehouse utilities are software tools that are used to manage, monitor, and optimize
data warehouse performance. These tools can include data integration software, data modeling tools,
and data quality management software.

Or

Q# Database warehouse tools and utilities:

Database warehouse tools and utilities are software applications that help businesses manage and
analyze large amounts of data. Some common tools and utilities include:

 ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) tools, which help move data from various sources into a
warehouse.
 Data visualization tools, which allow businesses to create visual representations of data for
analysis.
 Business intelligence (BI) tools, which provide insights and analytics based on data.
 Data mining tools, which help uncover patterns and relationships in data.

Q#5 E-commerce and Functions?

E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services online. E-commerce functions can
include online storefronts, shopping carts, payment gateways, and customer relationship management
(CRM) software. E-commerce functions can also include features such as product reviews,
recommendations, and personalization.

Q#42 Alternate Recovery Sites?

Alternate recovery sites are backup locations where an organization can continue its business
operations in the event of a disaster or other disruption. There are several types of alternate recovery
sites, including:

1. Hot Sites: Fully operational sites with redundant systems and infrastructure that can take over
immediately in the event of a disaster.
2. Warm Sites: Partially equipped sites that require some time to become fully operational.
3. Cold Sites: Unoccupied facilities that can be quickly set up and equipped in the event of a
disaster.

Q# Benefits and drawbacks of agile model:

The agile model is a software development approach that emphasizes flexibility and adaptability. Some
benefits of the agile model include:

o Advantages:
1. Highly adaptive to changes in requirements
2. Continuous customer involvement and feedback
3. Shorter development cycles
4. Increased transparency and collaboration
5. Greater focus on delivering a working product
o Disadvantages:
1. Lack of documentation
2. Requires active and continuous involvement from the customer
3. Highly dependent on the skills and experience of the development team
4. Less predictability in terms of timelines and costs
5. Limited scalability to larger projects

Q# Methods of sanitization:

Sanitization refers to the process of securely erasing data from storage media to prevent unauthorized
access or data recovery. Some methods of sanitization include:

1. Overwriting: The process of writing new data over existing data to make it unreadable.
2. Degaussing: The process of using a magnetic field to erase data from magnetic media such as
hard drives.
3. Physical destruction: The process of physically destroying storage media, such as shredding or
incinerating it.
4. Cryptographic erasure: The process of encrypting data before deleting it, making it unreadable
without the proper decryption key.

Q# Computer virus threat:

A computer virus is a malicious program that infects a computer system and can cause various types of
damage. Some ways computer viruses can impact a system include:

1. Stealing or deleting files and data.

2. Causing system crashes and freezing.
3. Stealing personal information such as passwords and credit card information.
4. Spreading to other computers and networks.

To protect against computer virus threats, users should install antivirus software, regularly update
software and operating systems, and avoid opening suspicious emails or downloading files from
untrusted sources.

Q# Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are
programmed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as speech recognition,
visual perception, decision-making, and language translation. AI is used in various fields, including
healthcare, finance, and education. Some examples of AI technologies include natural language
processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and robotics.

Q# Recovery Point Objective

Recovery Point Objective (RPO) is a metric used in disaster recovery planning to determine how much
data loss an organization can tolerate in the event of a disaster. RPO refers to the maximum amount of
data that an organization can afford to lose in the event of a disaster. For example, if an organization has
an RPO of one hour, this means that it can tolerate losing up to one hour of data in the event of a
disaster. To minimize data loss, organizations should regularly back up their data and ensure that their
disaster recovery plans can meet their RPO requirements.

Q# IT Auditor Roles:

IT auditors are responsible for evaluating and ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of an
organization's information systems, security, and controls. Some common roles of IT auditors include:

1. Assessing the reliability and integrity of data.

2. Reviewing the design and effectiveness of IT controls.
3. Identifying and assessing IT risks.
4. Evaluating compliance with laws, regulations, and policies.
5. Making recommendations for improvements to IT systems and controls.

Q# Auditor role in system design:

The auditor's role in system design is to ensure that systems are designed with adequate controls and
security measures to protect against risks and threats. The auditor should review the system design to
ensure that it meets the organization's objectives and is aligned with applicable laws, regulations, and
policies. The auditor should also review the system design to identify potential risks and vulnerabilities
and make recommendations to mitigate them.

Q# Testing methods:

Testing methods are techniques used to evaluate the quality and functionality of software. Some
common testing methods include:

1. Unit testing: Testing individual components or units of code.

2. Integration testing: Testing how different components or units of code work together.
 3. System testing: Testing the entire software system.
4. Acceptance testing: Testing to ensure that the software meets the user's requirements.

Q# EDI Layer:

EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) refers to the computer-to-computer exchange of business documents,
such as purchase orders and invoices, in a standard electronic format. The EDI system is divided into
four layers:

1. Application layer: The application layer defines the specific business documents and data that will
be exchanged, as well as the rules for processing the data. This layer includes the mapping of data
between different EDI systems.
2. Translation layer: The translation layer translates the data into a standard format that can be
exchanged between different EDI systems. This layer also performs data validation and ensures that
the data is in the correct format.

Q# Recovery strategy important features:

A recovery strategy is a plan for restoring IT systems and data after a disaster or disruption. Some
important features of a recovery strategy include:

1. Clearly defined recovery objectives.

2. Prioritized recovery procedures.
3. A plan for backup and recovery of data.
4. Communication and notification procedures.
5. A plan for testing and updating the recovery strategy.

Q#Framework for IT governance:

IT governance is the framework of policies, procedures, and standards that ensure IT investments are
aligned with business goals and objectives. Some of the key benefits of IT governance frameworks
include:

1. Improved decision-making: IT governance frameworks enable businesses to make better decisions

about how to invest in IT resources.
2. Risk management: IT governance frameworks help businesses identify and mitigate IT-related risks.
3. Compliance: IT governance frameworks help businesses comply with regulatory requirements and
industry standards.
4. Resource optimization: IT governance frameworks help businesses optimize their use of IT
resources and reduce waste.

Q# Three advantages of CAAT?

CAAT (Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques) are software tools that are used to automate audit
processes and procedures. Three advantages of using CAAT include:

1. Improved efficiency: CAAT tools can automate repetitive audit tasks, allowing auditors to focus
on higher-level tasks and analysis.
2. Increased accuracy: CAAT tools can perform tests and analyses with a high degree of accuracy,
reducing the risk of errors and omissions.
3. Greater coverage: CAAT tools can analyze large volumes of data quickly and comprehensively,
allowing auditors to cover more ground and identify potential issues more efficiently.

Q# peer to peer:

o the "peers" are computer systems which are connected to each other.
o Files can be shared directly between systems on the network without the need of a central
server.
o in other P2P network are the (file server as well as a client)
o Once connected to the network, P2P software allows you to search for files on other people's
computers.
o Software for peer-to-peer network is included with most modern desktop operating systems
such as Windows and Mac OS.
o Peer-to-peer networks are more common in small offices or within a single department of a
larger organization.

Or

Q#File distribution in peer to peer

Peer-to-peer (P2P) file distribution refers to a network architecture where users share files directly with
each other rather than through a centralized server. Some benefits of P2P file distribution include:

 Faster download speeds.

 Reduced bandwidth costs for the server.
 Increased scalability and resilience.

However, some drawbacks of P2P file distribution include:

 Increased security risks, as files are shared directly between users.

 Lack of control over the content being shared.
 Difficulties in enforcing copyright and intellectual property rights.
Q# Computer Virus is a threat what technical controls should IS auditor recommend:

IS auditors should recommend technical controls to prevent and detect computer viruses. Some
common technical controls include:

1. Installing antivirus software and keeping it up-to-date.

2. Enabling firewalls to block unauthorized access.
3. Regularly scanning systems for viruses and malware.
4. Restricting user access to certain files and programs.
5. Providing security awareness training to employees.

Q#Database and its types?

A database is an organized collection of data that can be accessed, managed, and updated using
computer software. Some common types of databases include:

1. Relational databases: Databases that organize data into tables, with relationships established
between tables using keys.
2. Object-oriented databases: Databases that organize data into objects, with relationships
established between objects using pointers.
3. NoSQL databases: Databases that do not use a structured query language and can handle large
amounts of unstructured data.
4. Graph databases: Databases that use graph structures to store data, making them ideal for
complex or highly connected data.

Q#44 Artificial Intelligence Application?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used in a variety of applications, including:

1. Natural language processing and chatbots

2. Image and speech recognition
3. Autonomous vehicles and drones
4. Fraud detection and prevention
5. Predictive analytics and forecasting
6. Medical diagnosis and treatment

Q# Importance of Test plan DRP:

A test plan for a disaster recovery plan (DRP) is important to ensure that the plan will work as intended
in the event of a disaster or disruption.

A test plan should include objectives, procedures, and success criteria for testing the DRP.

Testing the DRP can help identify potential gaps or weaknesses in the plan, and ensure that all
personnel are prepared to execute the plan in a timely and effective manner.
Q# Types of disaster recovery tests:

There are several types of disaster recovery tests that organizations can perform to test their disaster
recovery plans (DRP), including:

1. Paper tests: Testing the DRP on paper to evaluate its overall effectiveness and identify any gaps
or issues.
2. Tabletop tests: A group exercise that simulates a disaster and evaluates the DRP's response to
the simulated event.
3. Partial tests: Testing a portion of the DRP, such as data backup and recovery or system
restoration.
4. Full-scale tests: A complete test of the DRP that simulates a real disaster, including data
recovery and system restoration.

Q# Things to consider while coding:

When coding, it is important to consider several factors, including:

1. Code readability and maintainability: Writing code that is easy to read and understand, and can be
maintained by other developers.
2. Code efficiency: Writing code that is optimized for performance and uses resources efficiently.
3. Code security: Writing code that is secure and protected against potential vulnerabilities or attacks.
4. Compatibility: Ensuring that the code is compatible with different systems and environments.

Q# Importance of offsite libraries in case of BCP?

Offsite libraries are an important part of a business continuity plan (BCP) and disaster recovery plan.
because they provide a backup location for critical data and documents in the event of a disaster.

Storing data and documents offsite helps ensure that they are protected against physical damage or
loss, such as fire, flood, or theft.

Offsite libraries also provide a secondary location for employees to work from if the primary location is
unavailable.

Q# What is VPN?

A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that allows users to securely connect to a private
network over the internet.
VPNs use encryption and other security measures to protect data transmitted over the network, making
it an ideal solution for remote workers or users accessing sensitive data from a public Wi-Fi network.
Q# Role of security administration in IS:

Security administration role and responsible is for establishing, implementing, and maintaining security
policies, procedures, and controls that protect the organization's information assets from internal and
external threats and data are secure from unauthorized access,

Some of the key responsibilities of security administration in IS include:

1. Security policy development,

2. access control management,
3. risk management,
4. incident response and management
5. security awareness and training

Q#Technologies used in e-commerce:

Technologies required for e-commerce include:

1. E-commerce platforms and shopping carts

2. Payment gateways and secure payment systems
3. SSL certificates and encryption technologies
4. Web analytics and reporting tools
5. Customer relationship management (CRM) systems
6. Marketing automation and email marketing tools
7. Inventory management and order fulfillment systems

Seven layers of OSI:

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework for understanding how
networks operate. It is divided into seven layers, each of which performs specific functions:

1. Physical layer: This layer deals with the physical transmission of data over a network, including
the cables, connectors, and other hardware components.
2. Data link layer: This layer is responsible for transferring data between network devices,
including error detection and correction.
3. Network layer: This layer is responsible for addressing and routing data packets between
devices on a network.
4. Transport layer: This layer manages the transmission of data between applications on different
devices, ensuring that data is transmitted reliably and efficiently.
5. Session layer: This layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications on
different devices.
 6. Presentation layer: This layer translates data from the application layer into a format that can
be understood by the receiving device.
7. Application layer: This layer provides network services to applications running on a device, such
as email, file sharing, and web browsing.

Q# Role of IS administrator in IT security:

Security administration role and responsible is for establishing, implementing, and maintaining security
policies, procedures, and controls that protect the organization's information assets from internal and
external threats and data are secure from unauthorized access,

Some of the key responsibilities of security administration in IS include:

1. Security policy development,

2. access control management,
3. risk management,
4. incident response and management
5. security awareness and training

Q# Business Continuity Plan Elements:

A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is a set of documented procedures and processes that an organization
follows in the event of a disruption to its operations. The BCP includes several key elements, such as:

1. Risk assessment and business impact analysis

2. Emergency response procedures
3. Business recovery strategies and solutions
4. Communication plans and protocols
5. Training and testing programs
6. Documentation and reporting requirements

Q# Business recovery sites and its types?

A business recovery site is a backup location where an organization can continue its operations in the
event of a disruption to its primary location. There are several types of business recovery sites,
including:

1. Hot site: a fully equipped and operational site that is ready to take over primary operations
immediately
2. Warm site: a site that has some infrastructure and equipment in place, but requires additional
setup and configuration before it can take over primary operations
3. Cold site: a site that has basic infrastructure, such as power and telecommunications, but
requires significant setup and configuration before it can take over primary operations
4. Mobile site: a site that can be quickly deployed and set up in the event of a disaster or
emergency
Q#24 business Recovery Strategies?

Business recovery strategies are a set of procedures and policies to help an organization recover its IT
infrastructure and data after a disaster. Some common disaster recovery strategies include:

1. Backup and Recovery Strategy

2. Replication Strategy
3. Cloud Disaster Recovery Strategy
4. Hot and Cold Site Strategy
5. Virtualization Disaster Recovery Strategy

Q# AI (Artificial Intelligence):

AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and learn like
humans. AI is achieved by creating algorithms and computer programs that can perform tasks that
typically require human intelligence, such as recognizing speech, making decisions, and visual
perception.

Types of Backup:

1. Full backup: A full backup is a complete backup of all data and information in a system.
2. Incremental backup: An incremental backup only backs up the data that has changed since the
last backup.
3. Differential backup: A differential backup backs up all the data that has changed since the last
full backup.

Q# Why IS auditor Involve in System Design?

IS auditors need to be involved in system design to ensure that the system is designed with security in
mind. They can provide guidance on security controls and standards that need to be incorporated into
the design.

Q# Types of alternative Sites:

1. Hot Site: A hot site is a fully functional alternate site that can be used immediately in the event
of a disaster.
2. Warm Site: A warm site is a partially functional alternate site that requires some setup before it
can be used.
3. Cold Site: A cold site is an alternate site that does not have any equipment or infrastructure in
place.

Q# IS Auditor Responsibilities Organization:

IS auditors are responsible for reviewing an organization's information systems to ensure that they are
secure, reliable, and comply with relevant laws and regulations.
They are also responsible for identifying and mitigating information security risks and ensuring that the
organization's information assets are protected.

Q# Database:

A database is an organized collection of structured data that can be accessed, managed, and updated.
Databases are used to store and manage large amounts of information for a wide range of applications.

Q# Importance of IT management and why It is important in Organization?

IT management is important in an organization because it helps to ensure that the organization's IT

resources are used effectively and efficiently.

IT management involves planning, organizing, and controlling IT resources to achieve the organization's
goals and objectives.

Effective IT management can help to improve productivity, reduce costs, and enhance the organization's
competitiveness.