SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | Arlenefe Letondo WEEK / CHAPTER 2: PHILIPPINE HISTORY

—PPT AND BOOK-BASED— ● Crossed land bridges to Malaysia,

Borneo, Australia to Palawan, Mindoro
1.0 EARLY FILIPINOS and Mindanao
● Naked and good at hunting, fishing and
● Mitigation theory - strategic, emotional, food gathering
linguistic and theory of mind processes ● Spears and small flintstones weapons
on different levels of consciousness.
● Human Migration - movement by people
from one place from the another 1.3 INDONESIANS
● HENRY OTLEY BEYER - American
anthropologists
● Third migrants who came to the islands
● Evolution Theory - idea that species
change over time, give rise to new in boats
and share a common ancestor ● More advanced than aetas
● FELIPE LANDA JOCANO - Filipino ● Tools made out stone and steel
anthropologist ● Engaged in farming and mining
● BONES - presumed to be a human ● Materials made of brass
origin and found in Tabon Caves of ● Clothing and other body ornaments
Palawan and tested to be 21,000 -
22, 000 years old
1.4 MALAYS
● Man came earlier to the PH than to
Malay Peninsula
● 1st people of Southeast Asia ● Come in boats in Java, Sumatra ,
○ products of a long process of Borneo, and Malay Peninsula 2000 years
evolution and migration ago
○ Went separate ways, some ● Brown-skinned and medium height with
went to PH, New Guinea, straight black hair and flat nose
Java, Borneo ● Advanced technology: pottery, weaving,
○ Proof can be found in the
jewelry making, metal smelting,
fossils in different parts of
irrigation system in rice planting
Southeast Asia.
1.1 DAWNMEN
2.0 PRE-COLONIAL SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
● first migrants who came by way of land
bridges connected Philippines and
● Stone age inhabitants formed
Indonesia
settlements in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga,
● No knowledge of agriculture and only
lived by hunting and fishing Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal,
Bulacan and Cagayan.
○ Made simple tools or weapons
1.2 AETAS OR NEGRITOS of stone flakes but eventually
developed techniques for
● Second migrants and dark skinned

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | Arlenefe Letondo WEEK / CHAPTER 2: PHILIPPINE HISTORY

sawing, drilling, polishing hard ● settlements along the coastal areas

stones. (Manila, Mindoro, Cebu, Southern
● 3000 BC - adzes, ornaments of Mindanao and Sulu) attained a more
seashells and pottery of various designs sophisticated technology
produced. ● interior and mountain settlements, were
● ADZES - a tool similar to an ax used for still living as hunters and gatherers and
cutting or shaping large woods. traded forest products with the lowland
● Pottery making declined and coastal people
● Present manufacture of ordinary ● uneven technological development
cooking pot survived ● Filipinos were:
● Make metal tools and implements ○ growing rice, vegetables and
● Engaged in the actual extraction of iron cotton
from ore, smelting and refining. ○ raising swine, goats and fowls
● IRON INDUSTRY - did not survive ○ making wine, vinegar and salt
competition with imported cast iron ○ weaving cloth
from Sarawak and much later, From ○ producing beeswax and honey
China ○ making gold jewelry and filled
● Filipinos were wearing cotton, smelting their teeth with gold
iron, making pottery and glass ○ wearing colorful clothes
ornaments, engaged in agriculture ○ living in houses made of wood
● LOWLAND RICE - cultivated in diked or bamboo and nipa
fields and in terraced fields which ○ having their own system of
utilized spring water writing and weights and
● Building boats became a highly measures
developed technology ○ counting the years by moons
● CARACOA - warship to fight the raiding and from one harvest to another
Dutch, Portuguese, Muslims and the instead of calendars
Chinese pirate Limahong ○ were still highly superstitious
● Traded with Vietnam, China, Borneo, ○ did not develop a written literary
Malay Peninsula tradition
● Alliance between rulers of Manila and ○ had abundance of natural
Brunei strengthened by marriage resources
● HINDU-BUDDHIST, MALAY-SANSKRIT ○ no temples or places of worship
AND ARAB-MUSLIM CULTURAL AND ○ poor accumulation and
TECHNOLOGICAL INFLUENCES spread dissemination of knowledge
to the Philippines. ○ little pressure for invention and
● Scattered autonomous village innovation
communities
3.0 SPANISH REGIME
● KINSHIP GROUPS OR SOCIAL UNITS
RATHER THAN POLITICAL UNITS
● Essentially subsistence economies ● established schools, hospitals and
producing mainly what they needed started scientific research
● rise of the country’s professions

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | Arlenefe Letondo WEEK / CHAPTER 2: PHILIPPINE HISTORY

● religious orders and economic and ● ease in travel and communications

trade ● influx of ideas and scientific knowledge
● REDUCCION ● increased commerce provided
○ creation of towns and ● professional advanced studies
foundation of present system of
local government
○ Tax 1.1 HUMAN EVOLUTION
○ compulsory labor ● Involved the gradual development of
○ compulsory sale of products to traits such as human bipedalism and
the government language
● socio-economic dislocation ● Human Lineage
● JESUITS FOUNDED
➔ Australopithecus afarensis
1595 COLEGIO de SAN ILDEFONSO ➔ Homo habilis
(CEBU CITY) ➔ Homo erectus
➔ Homo neanderthalensis
➔ Homo sapiens
1595 COLEGIO de SAN IGNACIO
(MANILA) 4.0 ANCIENT PERIOD (ca 3000 BC -
500 AD)
1601 COLEGIO de SAN JOSE
● Modern humans evolved from its
hominid ancestor
1859 ATENEO de MANILA ● Accumulation of knowledge and passing
it from generation to generation
● DOMINICANS FOUNDED
2.1 EUROPE
1640 COLEGIO de SAN JUAN de
LETRAN (MANILA) ● Fire
● Stone-head spears
● TEXTBOOK AND INSTRUCTIONAL
● Wooden bows and arrows
MATERIALS - primary instructions was
● Sewing needles
mainly religious education
● Iron works
● HIGHER EDUCATION
● Minoan palaces
○ was limited to the elite
● Good false teeth
○ Generally viewed with suspicion

1611 UNIVERSITY OF SANTO 2.2 AMERICAS

TOMAS
● Stone arrowheads
● theology, philosophy,
● Pottery
humanities, medicine, and
● Flint tools
pharmacy
● Rafts/boats from weeds
● Giant human head sculpture

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | Arlenefe Letondo WEEK / CHAPTER 2: PHILIPPINE HISTORY

● Canals/ canals for irrigation

6.0 RENAISSANCE PERIOD (14th -

2.3 IRAN 17th century)
● Wines
● Period of rebirth
2.4 ● Rapid speed of knowledge
PAKISTAN
● Preservation of culture
● Clay pipes ● Intellectual and cultural movement
● Hindu calendar

4.1 THINGS MADE

2.5 CHINA
● Metal press
● Plow ● Copernican theory
● Astronomy ● Word printing
● acupuncture ● Paper-making in China
● Galileo’s motion experiment on
2.6 pendulum and falling bodies
AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST
● African bone harpoons
● Sun-dried bricks 7.0 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
● Antler tools (18TH century)
● Clay tokens
● Wheels
● Use of machines
● Egyptian medicine
● Scientific and technological
● Phonecian alphabet
advancement
● Setback: skilled workers replaced by
5.0 MEDIEVAL PERIOD (ca 500 - machines.
1500)
4.1 THINGS MADE
● Dark ages ● Iron foundry
● Creative periods in history of humans ● Steamboat
● Start of first industrial revolution ● Textile (spinning mule)
● Watt steam engine
3.1 ● Telephone - BELL
THINGS MADE
● Light bulb - EDISON
● Vertical windmill ● Steamed powered locomotive
● Spectacles ● book
● Mechanical clock
● Gothic buildings
● Gutenberg printing press - 250 sheets
● Crop rotation 7.0 19TH CENTURY

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
S.Y. ‘23 - ‘24 | Arlenefe Letondo WEEK / CHAPTER 2: PHILIPPINE HISTORY

● Soviet Union (Russia and her allies) -

● Rise of modern industry launch the Sputnik space satellite
● Stream of new materials ● Electronics Companies - agree to make
● Second industrial revolution wifi worldwide.

4.1 THINGS MADE

● Electricity
● Petroleum
● Steel
● Allesandro Volta - first battery
● Micheal Faraday - electric generators &
motors
● Charles Goodyear - vulcanized rubber
● Louis Pasteur - pasteurization
● James Clerk Maxwell - light as
electromagnetic
● Karl Benz - gasoline- engined car
● Rudolf Diesel - diesel engine
● Samuel Morse - electric telegraph

8.0 20TH CENTURY

● Incomparable technological advances

and scientific discoveries
● Use of scientific method and funding for
research

5.1 THINGS MADE

● Personal computer
● Internet automobiles
● Artificial intelligence
● Guglielmo Marconi - radio
● Wilbur and Orville Wright -
engine-powered airplane
● Willis Carrier - air conditioner
● Henry Ford - affordable car
● Hans Gieger - Geiger counter
● Enrico Fermi - nuclear chain reactor
● Stephanie Kwolek - super-strong plastic
called KEVLAR

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