2

BIOLOGY
Class - 11, Unit-I 7. Some Major Groups of Eubacteria and
Characteristics
1. Life processes
ACCount Get PRESented
GReat Mother Could Rest
Groups : Key characteristic

Growth, Reproduction, Metabolism, Actinomycetes, Chemoautotrophs, Cyanobacteria

Gliding bacteria, Pseudomonas, Rickettsias,
Cellular Organization, Responsiveness
Enterobacteria, Spirochaetes
2. Taxonomic Categories
8. Types of Arrangement in Bacterial Flagella
(i) Donald King Phoenix Chose Olive
AMALP : 0122n
Fried Greek Salad Type of Arrangement : Number of Flagella or its
Kingdom, Division/Phylum, Class, Order, characteristic
Family, Genus, Species Atrichous : 0 (absent)

(ii) Mneconomics Key Protected Documents, Monotrichous : 1 (single polar flagellum)

Amphitrichous : 2 (one at each end of bacterial
Copies & Folders Got Stolen
cell)
Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Family,
Lophotrichous : 2 or more
Genus, Species
Peritrichous : Numerous distributed over the entire
3. S uffixes used for Taxonomic Categories cell
9. Types of Classification System
Doctor Came in OPD and Suggested American Nuclear Power Plant : Let
For Sterilisation : Patient Observed At Both Enganged in Show
ICU and Operated Artificial classification system: Linnaeus

Taxonomic category: Suffix used Natural classification system : Bentham and

Division : Phyta; Class : Opsida; Hooker Phylogenetic classification system : Engler

Order : Ales; Suborder : incae; and

Prantl
Family : Aceae; Subfamily : Oidae
Phenetic classification system : Sneath and Sokal
10. Classification of Kingdom Protista
4. Taxonomical Aids Pineapple Cheese Pineapple :
Hey Brother, Mom and Me went to Dragonfruit Starfruit Cranberry
Zoological park and Flat Keys Found Classification of Protists : Examples
Missing Photosynthetic protist (Plant like protists):
Dinoflagellates, Diatoms and Euglenoids
Herbarium, Botanical gardens, Monograph
Manuals, Zoological parks, Flora, Keys, Fauna, Consumer protists (Animal like protists) : Slime
Museums moulds or Myxomycetes
Protozoan protists : Ciliata, Sporozoa, Sarcodina,
5. Nomenclature Types Zooflagellata
HIS PLEN 11. Systems of Classification of Organisms

Holotype, Isotype, Syntype, Paratype,

Two Thieves Found Fighting : Car
Lectotype, Epitype and Neotype Engine Cooled With water
Two Kingdom classification system : Carlous
6. Characteristics of Living Beings Linnaeus
GENR3M2 Three Kingdom classification system : Ernst
Haeckel
Growth, Excretion, Nutrition, Reproduction,
Four Kingdom classification system : Copeland
Responsiveness, Respiration, Movement,
Metabolism Five Kingdom classification system : Whittaker R
H
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MNEMONICS BIOLOGY 3

12. Classification of Kingdom Fungi Class - 11, Unit-II

PASsing By Dam : Looking So Calm 1. Leaf Modification
and Interesting Total Smoke Production Bolstered
Phycomycetes : Lower fungi : Rhizopus, Mucor,
Pollution.
Albugo
Ascomycetes : Sac Fungi : Neurospora, Yeast, Tendril, Spine, Phyllode, Bulb, Pitcher
Penicillium
Basidiomycetes : Club fungi Agaricus, Ustilago, 2. Placentation
Polyporous Football Club Barcelona Missed
Deuteromycetes : Imperfecti fungi : Fusarium , Approach Point.
Cercospora, Trichoderma
Free Central, Basal, Marginal, Axile, Parietal,

13. Five Kingdom Classification by

Whittaker 3. Animal tissues
Monks Pray For Public’s Amity. EMUCON
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Epithelial, Muscular, Connective, Nervous

14. Kingdom Fungi Multicelluar 4. Loose Connective Tissue

decomposers
AreA
Pay And Book Date Areolar and Adipose

Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, 5. Dense Connective Tissue

Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes
RIer
Regular and Irregular
15. Algae
Great Britain Round
6. Supportive Connective Tissue
Chlorophyceae : Green algae
CarBon
Phaeophyceae : Brown algae
Rhodophyceae : Red algae Cartilage and bone

16. Animal Kingdom Classification

Prince Charle’s Cousin 7. Fluid Connective Tissue

Assorted Plums. Live Boldly

Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Lymph, blood
Aschelminthes, Platyhelminthes,

17. Animal Kingdom Classification 8. Muscular

Aunt Molly Asked Edwin to Have SSC
CHocolates. Smooth, Skeletal, Cardiac
Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata,
hemichordata, Chordata.
Class - 11, Unit-III
Chordates
18. 1. Endomembrane system
Ultra Clean Vehicle George Earned Legendary Vehicle.
Urochordata or Tunicata, Cephalochordata, Golgi apparatus, Endoplasmic reticulum,
Vertebrata lysosomes, vacuoles
4

2. Bacterial Shapes 4. Micronutrient

Battle Construction Vehicle Services IZCN Might Classify Mammalian
Bacillus, Coccus, Vibrio, Birds.
3. Spirillum. Iron, Zinc, copper, nickel, molybdenum,
chlorine, manganese, boron
HILL Of Tibet
Classification of Enzymes
5. Macronutrients
Hydrolases, Isomerases, Ligases,
Lyases, Oxidoreductases, Transferases HONorable PM Started PC.
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
4. Primary Metabolites Magnesium, Sulphur, Potassium, calcium.

NASAL 6. Pigments Involved in Photosynthesis

Nucleic acids, sugars, amino acids, lipids
Charles Also Booked Xan’s Car
Chlorphyll a, b, Xanthophyll, Carotenoid
5. Secondar y Metabolites
7. C3 or Calvin cycle
PATE
Pigments, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Essential oils
Cash Reserve Ratio
Carboxylation; reduction;

6. Cell Cycle And Mitosis 8. regeneration Cyclic

I Played Myself A Trick Cyprus Passed In Arabic

Photophosphorylation
Cylic Photophosphorylation PS I, ATP
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase
9. Chlorophyll a
7. Meiosis Coronary artery bypass grafting
Lazy Zebra Portrayed Depiction of Chlorophyll a bright or blue green algae : CABG
Death
10. Chlorophyll b
Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Collage Based Youth Grant
Diakinesis
Chlorophyll b yellow green algae : CBYG

Class - 11, Unit-IV 11. Proteins Catabolism

PAPA
1. Facilitated Diffusion
Protein Amino Acids, Pyruvic Acid, AcetylCoA
USA
Uniport, Symport, Antiport
12. Glucose Catabolism
2. The Fate of Nitrogen ginny Gony Fried Dried Garlic Potato
RAT Avocado
Glucose 6-P, Fructose 1,6 BP, Dihydroxy acetone
Reductive amination, Transamination
phosphate, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Pyruvic
acid, Acetyl CoA
3. Reductive Amination
Fats Catabolism
Red Algae And Kangaroo Arrived after 13.
Green Algae Find Files And Go Away
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid + Ammonia -> Glutamic Fatty Acids, Glycerol, Acetyl CoA
acid
MNEMONICS BIOLOGY 5

14. Citric Acid Cycle 4. Gastric Glands

Account Cheque AKA Service Money Mutual Protection Pact/My Power
Order Point
Acetyl CoA, Citric acid, Alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Mucus neck cell, Peptic cells, Parietal cells
Succinic acid, Malic Acid, OAA

15. Conditions of Growth 5. GI hormones

Won ONe True Last Game Global Education School Called

Water, Oxygen, Nutrients, Temperature, Volunteer Services.
Light, Gravity Gastrin, Enterogastrone, Secretin,
Cholecystokinin, Villikinin, Stomatostatin
16. (a) Photoperiodism Gills
6.
Dedicated To
Day neutral plant – Tomato
File Transfer Protocol
Fishes, Tadpoles,

(b) Photoperiodism 7. Prawn Tracheal Tube

Supreme Court Integrated Crop Management

Short Day plant- Chrysanthemum Insects, centipede, millipede

(c) Photoperiodism 8. Body Sur face

Little Red Button Standard Cubic Feet

Long Day Plant- Radish, Barley Sponges, Coelenterate, Flatworm

17. Plant Growth Regulators (Phytohormones) 9. Plasma

All Girls Called Executive Assume Good Faith

Assistant Before Assessment Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen

Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin, Ethylene, ABA

10. Granulocytes
Gram Negative Enteric Bacteria
Class - 11, Unit-V Granulocytes : Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

1. Salivary Gland
PaSS 11. Agranulocytes

Parotid, Sublingual, Submandibular

All Luggage Missing
Agarnulocytes : Lymphocytes, Monocytes

2. Histology of Alimentary Canal

12. Heart valves
SMS Me
Serosa, Muscularis, Sub-mucosa, Mucosa
Text Book Solutions
Tricuspid valve, Bicuspid valve, Semilunar valve

3. Alimentary Parts
13. Circulator y Pathways
MP Of State Sikkim Lost Revenue
(a) On A Mission or
Account
(b) Operation And Maintenance
Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small
Open: Arthropods, Molluscs
intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus
6

14. Urine Formation 22. Outer Ear

Grand Trunk Road Time Slot PET
Glomerular filteration, Tubular Pinna, Ear canal, Tympanic membrane
Reabsorption, Tubular secretion

15. Disorders of the Excretory System 23. Inner Ear

Ultra Rapid Fire Restored Coffee United States Court
Grouds Utriculus, Sacculus, Cochlea

Uremia, Renal Failure, Renal

Calculi, Glomerulonephritis 24. Pancreas

16. (a) Modes of Excretion BIg AGency

Beta Insulin Alpha Glucagon
Urban Mass Transport Agency
Ureotelism: Mammals, Terrestrial Amphibian
25. Adrenal Cor tex
(b) Modes of Excretion American College of Medical
Animals Best Friends Are Always Genetics
Adrenal Cortex: Mineralocorticoids, Glucorticoids
Ideal
Ammonia: Bony Fishes, Aquatic Amphibian,
Insects 26. Adrenal Medulla
AMAN/ All Missing As Negative
16. (c) Modes of Excretion
Adrenal Medulla: Adrenaline and Noradrenaline
User Address Book
Uric Acid: Birds
27. Hormones of Heart, Kidney and
Gastrointestinal Tract
17. Joints
Kerala Real Estate Company
Skin Cancer Foundation Kidney-Renin, Erythromycin, Calcitriol
Synovial, Cartilaginous, Fibrous

Class - 12, Unit-I

18. Synovial (Movable)
1. (a) Vegetative Reproduction
Best Soldier Hid Packed Gun System
Positive Example Based Learning
Ball and Socket, Hinge, Pivot, Gliding, Saddle
Potato-Eyes, Bryophyllum− Leaf

19. Axial (80 bones) buds (b) Vegetative Reproduction

Careless Team Learnt Self Care GRAB

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal Ginger: Rhizome, Agave:

Bulbil
20. Fore Brain WHO
(c) Vegetative Reproduction
Chance To Hit/ Contract To Hire Water hyacinth :

Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus 2. Offset Formation of

Too
Fruit Many Fake Acronyms
21. Hind Brain True Fruit= Mango, False Fruit=Apple
(PCM) Physics, Chemistry, Maths (a) Pollination
3.
Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla Weight Gain
Wind Pollinated : Grasses
MNEMONICS BIOLOGY 7

(b) Pollination 12. Barrier Methods

World association for Visually CDC Volunteered Student’s Junior
Handicapped Fellowship
Water Pollinated: Vallisneria, Condoms, Diaphragm, Cervical caps, vaults,
Spermicidal creams, jellies, foams
Hydrilla (c) Pollination
Integral Yoga 13. Chromosomal Disorders
Insect Pollinated : Driver Knowledge Test
Down’s syndrome, Klinefelter,
4. Yucca Dicot embryo
Personal Care Heals Rare Remorse 14. Turner Non-Mendeliam Inheir

Plumule, Cotyledon, Hypocotyl, Radicle, Itance

Can Manage Physics
Rootcap Incomplete dominance, Codiminance, MUltiple
alleles, Pleiotropy
5. L.S. of Monocot Embryo
15. Genetic Code
Stem Cell Storage Enable
Tuesday Night Dinner Club Union
Regenerative Repair of Cancer.
Triplet, Non-ambiguous, Degenerate, Commaless,
Scutellum, Coleoptile, Shoot apex, Epiblast,
Universal
Radicle, Rootcap, Coleorhiza

6. (a) Accessory Ducts in Females

Class - 12, Unit-II
Our United Villages
Oviduct, Uterus, Vagina Factors Affecting

(b) Accessory Ducts in Females

Grand Mother, Grand Daughter Meet
Great Royals Near Society
Infection And Immunity
Gene Migration, Genetic Drift, Mutation, Genetic
Infundibulum, Ampulla,
Recombination, Natural Selection
7. Isthmus External Genitalia in
Class - 12, Unit-III
Mobile’s
Females Light Led Him Crazy
Mons pubis, Labia major, Labia minor, 1. Detection & Diagnosis
Hymen, Clitoris Book Reader Club Manager
8. Accessor y Glands in Males Biopsy, Radiography, CT,

Simple Play Back / Saint Peters Burg 2. MRI (a) Lymphoid Organs
Seminal vesicle , prostate, Bulbourethral Profit Before Tax
9. gland Accessory Ducts in Males Primary : Bone marrow,

Revise Via Elementary Volume Thymus (b) Lymphoid Organs

Rete testis, vasa efferentia, Epididymis, Sea Surface Level Temperature
Vas deferens Secondary : Spleen, Lymph node, Tonsils
10. STDs 3. Type of Non-communicable or Non-
Haryana Govt. Heads Girl’s School Infectious Diseases
Hepatitis B, Genital herpes, HIV, 3A 2M HD
Gonorrhoea, Syphilis
Allergic diseases, Addition disorders
11. Bir th Control Methods
Ageing disorders, Mental illness
Swiss National Bank’s Indian Office Malfunctioning of Organs, Hormonal diseases
Surgical, Natural, Barrier, IUD, Oral contraceptive Deficiency diseases
8

4. Types of Hepatitis Enzymes : Uses

ABCDE : Example Shows No DNA Ligase : DNA Repair enzyme
Lyases : Dissolve cell wall
ConsideratioN : RD 3R
Restriction enzymes : Cleaves DNA
Type of virus : Common name : Characters
Synthetase : In-vitro DNA Synthesis
Hepatitis A : Epidemic hepatitis : SS RNA
Hepatitis B : Serum hepatitis : Ds DNA 2. Important Tools in Biotechnology
Hepatitis C : Non-A, Non-B, Transfusion Hepatitis HEL3G : 40 VGGRH
: SSRNA, enveloped
Tools : Characters
Hepatitis D : Co-infection Hepatitis : SS RNA
Heat Shock : Sudden temperature raised to 40°C
Hepatitis E : Non-A, Non-B, Transfusion Hepatitis :
Electroporation: High voltage pulse
SS RNA , non- enveloped
Liposomes : Genes to cells in vivo
5. Short forms of National programmes to Gene gun : Gold particles
eradicate major communicable diseases Genetic marker : R plasmid
CC LC FC ME SE Gene synthesis : Hormone somatostatin
National Cholera Control Programme (NCCP)
3. Animal Clones
National Leprosy Control Programme (NLCP)
NDN : GSG : India Scotland USA
National Filaria Control Programme (NLCP)
Clone name : Species : Developed by
National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP)
Noori : Pashmina Goat : Veterinary Science,
National Smallpox Eradication Programme (NSEP)
Kashmir, India
6. Types of Immunoglobulins Dolly : Sheep : Wilmut and Kampbell, Roslin
institute, Scotland
GAMED : Chess Soccer Cricket
Noah : Asian Gaur (endangered species) : 2002
Hockey Basketball ACT researchers, USA
Type of Immunoglobulin: Function
Immunoglobulin G : Stimulation of Complement 4. Scientists to Remember
system and Phagocytic reactions Please, Come Here SMith : GAMED
Immunoglobulin A : In Sero-mucous secretion for Scientist : About
Inhibition of various Infections
Paul Berg : Father of Genetic Engineering
Immunoglobulin M : Activation of Complement
Cohen and Boyer : First to isolate Antibiotic
system resistant gene
Immunoglobulin E : Hypersensitivity reactions Hans Spemann : Father of Modern embryology
Immunoglobulin D : Activation of B cells Antibody Smith and Nathans: First to isolate Endonucleases
secretion
Michelson: First to synthesize Dinucleotide

7. (a) Fisheries

Fresh Civil Right Center Class - 12, Unit-V

Freshwater fishes- Catla, Rohu, common carp
1. Achievement through Transgenic crops or
(b) Fisheries GM crops
Marked High Speed Machine Please Get Biology Notes : How
Marine fishes - Hilsa, Sardines, Mackerel,
Chemistry Take Flex
Achievement of : Example
Class - 12, Unit-IV Protein of interest : Hirudin
Production of desired genotype : Cry protein
1. Enzymes Used in Biotechnology (crystal protein) Modification of existing
LILY Rose Scent : Rose biosynthetic pathway : Transgenic rice (higher
content of vitamin A)
Daisy Carnation Sunflower
MNEMONICS BIOLOGY 9

Masking of expression of native gene : Flavr savr 6. Classification of organisms into four
Tomato temperature groups
3MH : TSTA
2. Biological Weapon Agents
Group of Organisms : Temperature zone
She Added Questions But Megatherms : Tropical zones
Encouraged To Practice Hard Mesotherms : Sub-tropical zones
Microtherms : Temperate Zones
Smallpox, Anthrax, Q-fever, Botulinum,
Hekistotherms : Artic zones
Encephalitis, Tularemia, Plague, Haemorrhagic
fever 7. Some Impor tant Laws to Remember
3/2 BAG : Population density of
3. Gene Inser Birds and Mammals in Cooler Area is
ted in Transgenic Animals and
Abundant
Their
Stop Benefits
Gossiping! Come Prepare Food
3/2 thinning law : Aspects of growth of
: IX Tofu Left Broken and Heated : population are density related
Hot Tomato Chilli Paste Mashed Bergman’s law : Birds and mammals of
colder areas are larger in size
Transgenic animal : Gene inserted : Benefits
Allen’s law : Animals in cooler areas have
1. Sheep : Anti- haemophilic factor IX : Treat
shorter extremities
haemophilic patient
Gloger’s law : Abundance of melanin
2. Goat : TPA gene (blood clot dissolving) : Treat pigment in animals from hot areas
coronary thrombosis
8. Measurement of Productivity and Related
3. Cow : Lactoferrin : Treat cystic fibrosis
Ecosystem
4. Pigs : bGH (bovine growth hormone) :
Production of leaner pork HALL : Come On And Grab Desert :
5. Fish : hGH (human growth hormone): Increased 210.2<0.2
meat production Ecosystem : Example : Net productivity
(kg/m2/yr) High productive ecosystem : Coral reef
4. Shape of Pyramid : Population growth /Ocean/
type tropical forest : 2-4
Three Books Used : Eric Stop Average productive ecosystem : Agricultural

Daydreaming crops
: 1-2
Triangular shaped : Expanding or Growing Less productive ecosystem : Grassland

Bell shaped: Stable ecosystem

9. Steps in General Process of Succession
Urn shaped: Declining : 0.2-1
NIght
Least or Candle Raysecosystem
Low productive Shined : Desert/Deep
5. Population Interaction Nudation,
sea Invasion,
: Less than 0.2 Competition, Reaction,
Stabilisation
Competition Always Muffle Politics :
Rivalry Has Fabulous Benefits 10.Nitrogen Cycle Processes
Among Ninety Denominators Nine
Type of interaction : Relationship fixed : ONAM FOR RED ATNAM
Competition : Rivalry Steps : Conversion
Antagonism : Harmful 1 Ammonification : Organic N to ammonia
2 Nitrification : Formation of nitrites and nitrates
Mutualism : Favourable but not Obligatory
3 Denitrification : Reduction of nitrates
Proto-cooperation : Beneficial to both
4 Nitrogen fixation : Atmospheric Nitrogen to
ammonia