The document you uploaded is **Module 1: Computer Fundamentals** and covers various

topics related to the basic working of computers. Below, I’ll summarize the key topics in
detail and provide 20 multiple-choice, short, and long questions based on the material.

### Detailed Explanation of Topics:

#### 1. **Definition and Basic Functionality of a Computer:**

A computer is an electronic machine that takes an input, processes it, and produces
output. It consists of **hardware** (physical components like CPU, monitor, keyboard) and
**software** (programs, data). Examples of software are operating systems, antivirus, and
applications like MS Office【5†source】.

#### 2. **Working of a Computer (Block Diagram):**

The basic working of a computer can be broken into four steps:

- **Input**: Data is accepted from devices like keyboard, mouse, and scanner.

- **Process**: Data is processed, often with arithmetic or logical operations.

- **Store**: Data is stored in devices like hard disks and pen drives.

- **Output**: Processed data is output to devices like monitors and printers.

#### 3. **Components of a Computer:**

- **Input Devices**: Keyboard, mouse, scanners, OCR, MICR, OMR, barcode readers.

- **Central Processing Unit (CPU)**: Comprises three units:

1. **Control Unit (CU)**: Manages instructions and coordinates tasks.

2. **Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)**: Handles arithmetic and logical operations.

 3. **Memory Registers**: Temporary storage used during processing.

- **Output Devices**: Monitor, printer, plotter, speakers【5†source】.

#### 4. **Memory in Computers:**

Memory is classified as:

- **Primary Memory**: RAM (temporary storage) and ROM (permanent storage like BIOS).

- **Secondary Memory**: Hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, DVDs, USB drives, etc.

- **Cache Memory**: A high-speed memory used between the CPU and main memory to
increase processing efficiency【5†source】.

#### 5. **Ports:**

Ports are used to connect various peripheral devices to the computer, like:

- **USB Ports**: Universal Serial Bus for connecting devices like printers.

- **Serial Ports**: Transfer data one bit at a time.

- **Bluetooth**: Wireless data transfer over short distances.

#### 6. **Classification of Computers:**

Computers are classified based on their technology and size:

- **Analog Computers**: Work with continuous data like temperature.

- **Digital Computers**: Use binary data.

- **Hybrid Computers**: Combine both analog and digital technologies.

Digital computers are further divided into **microcomputers, minicomputers,
mainframes,** and **supercomputers**【5†source】.

### Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) – 20 Questions:

1. The device used to convert printed text into digital data is:

- (a) Keyboard

- (b) Scanner

- © Mouse

- (d) Monitor

2. Which memory is volatile?

- (a) ROM

- (b) RAM

- © Hard Disk

- (d) Flash Memory

3. The ALU and CU together form:

- (a) RAM

- (b) ROM

- © CPU

- (d) Hard Disk

4. Data is processed by the:

- (a) Monitor

- (b) CPU

- © Printer

- (d) Scanner

5. Which port is commonly used to connect a mouse?

 - (a) USB

- (b) Serial

- © Parallel

- (d) Infrared

6. Which of the following is NOT an input device?

- (a) Scanner

- (b) Keyboard

- © Plotter

- (d) Microphone

7. What is the unit of memory?

- (a) Byte

- (b) Hertz

- © Meter

- (d) Watt

8. Which printer uses laser technology?

- (a) Dot Matrix

- (b) Laser Printer

- © Inkjet Printer

- (d) Thermal Printer

9. The largest type of computer is:

- (a) Microcomputer

- (b) Mainframe

- © Minicomputer

- (d) Supercomputer

10. Which memory chip is attached between CPU and main memory?

- (a) RAM
 - (b) Cache

- © ROM

- (d) Hard disk

11. CD-ROM is an example of:

- (a) Primary Memory

- (b) Secondary Memory

- © Cache Memory

- (d) Virtual Memory

12. A small portable storage device is called:

- (a) Floppy Disk

- (b) USB Pen Drive

- © Hard Disk

- (d) Optical Disk

13. Bluetooth communication range is:

- (a) 5 meters

- (b) 10 meters

- © 20 meters

- (d) 50 meters

14. Flash memory is used in:

- (a) CPU

- (b) RAM

- © Hard Disk

- (d) USB Drives

15. Which is an example of output device?

- (a) Scanner

- (b) Monitor
 - © Keyboard

- (d) Mouse

16. The process of interpreting instructions from memory is done by:

- (a) ALU

- (b) CU

- © RAM

- (d) ROM

17. Binary system uses which numbers?

- (a) 0, 1

- (b) 0-9

- © 1-9

- (d) 10-100

18. ROM stands for:

- (a) Random Output Memory

- (b) Read Only Memory

- © Real Output Memory

- (d) Random Operating Memory

19. Which of the following is used to measure memory?

- (a) Megabyte

- (b) Hertz

- © Kilowatt

- (d) Newton

20. Which type of computer uses analog and digital technologies?

- (a) Digital Computer

- (b) Hybrid Computer

- © Microcomputer
 - (d) Mainframe Computer

### Short Questions – 20 Questions:

1. Define computer hardware.

2. What is the function of the CPU?

3. Differentiate between RAM and ROM.

4. What is the role of a scanner?

5. What is a plotter used for?

6. Name two input devices.

7. Explain the difference between primary and secondary memory.

8. What is cache memory?

9. List the main components of a computer.

10. What is a USB port used for?

11. Define binary system.

12. What is the difference between direct access and sequential access memory?

13. Describe a minicomputer.

14. What is the function of the ALU?

15. How does a laser printer work?

16. What is an operating system?

17. Explain the term “soft copy.”

18. Define Bluetooth.

19. What is a flash memory device?

20. What is an optical disk?

### Long Questions – 20 Questions:

1. Explain the working of a computer with a block diagram.

2. Describe the different types of memory in a computer.

3. Explain in detail how the CPU processes data.

4. Describe the various input devices used in a computer system.

5. Differentiate between primary and secondary memory with examples.

6. How does a hard disk store data? Describe its structure and working.

7. Compare and contrast RAM and ROM.

8. Discuss the classification of computers based on their size and technology.

9. Describe the different types of printers and their uses.

10. Explain the purpose of cache memory and its benefits.

11. Describe the types of ports used in modern computers.

12. Explain how output devices work and give examples.

13. How does a microprocessor function within a computer system?

14. Describe how secondary memory is accessed by the CPU.

15. Discuss the importance of data security and methods used to secure data.

16. Describe the classification of computers into analog, digital, and hybrid.

17. How does a bar code reader function?

18. Explain the difference between CRT and LCD monitors.

19. How do voice input devices work?

20. Explain how memory is measured and discuss the importance of memory size in
computing.

This provides a complete overview of the module along with various questions for practice.
Let me know if you need more details on any topic!