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Save Nature to Survive

14(2): 101-108, 2019
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COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES FOR SELECTING

ELITE PARENTS AND HYBRIDS IN RICE (Oryza SA
PARENTS TIV
SATIVAL.)
TIVAL

MANJUNATH KENCHARAHUT¹, Y. CHANDRA MOHAN²*, V. GOURI SHANKAR1, M. BALRAM3 AND L. KRISHNA2

1
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 500 030.
2
Rice Research Center, Agriculture Research Institute, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 500 030.
3
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, PJTSAU, Jagtial, Telangana, India 505 529.
e-mail: drycmohan@gmail.com

KEYWORDS ABSTRACT
Combining ability Combining ability and heterosis studies in rice with a set of 32 hybrids along with their parents (B and R lines) and
heterosis standard checks viz., MTU 1010 and US 314 were evaluated for grain yield and related traits.The mean
gene action performance of the hybrids for most of the characters was higher than that of parents. The analysis of variance
rice hybrids revealed significant differences among parents, lines and hybrids for most of the characters studied. Degree of
dominance was more than unity for all the traits except for days to 50% flowering (0.72) plant height (0.68) and
Received on : number of grains per panicle (0.68). SCA variances were higher than GCA variances for most of the characters,
15.10.2018 which indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action. The gca effects revealed that among the lines IET-
19321 had significant gca effects in desired direction for several traits including yield. Among the testers, CMS
Accepted on : 59A was a good general combiner. Among thirty two hybrids, CMS 59A x TP 30433, CMS 23A x TP 30433 and
27.04.2019 JMS13 x WGL 823 were found good specific combiners. Seventeen hybrids were recorded positive significant
standard heterosis over variety (MTU 1010), whereas eight hybrids were recorded positive significant heterosis
*Corresponding over hybrid check (US 314). Overall data revealed that CMS 23A x JGL 20649, JMS 13A x JGL 5614, CMS 64A
author x WGL 823, CMS 64A x IET 19321 and JMS 13A x WGL 823 were identified as potential hybrids with respect to
all characters based on their sca and heterosis estimates.

INTRODUCTION effective mating design followed to estimate gca and sca which
enables the effective screening of parental lines. Combining
Rice is one of the foremost cereal crop feeding over more than ability analysis is one of the powerful tools available to estimate
half of world’s population. But we are in the need to increase the combining ability effects and aids in selecting the desirable
production to meet this growing population (Kumar et al., parents and crosses for the exploitation of heterosis (Sarker et
2014). It is the only crop in the world that is grown in most al., 2002).The knowledge of combining ability is useful to
fragile ecosystem and hence, second green revolution is assess nicking ability in self-pollinated crops and at the same
possible only if rice research is undertaken vigorously. This in time elucidate the nature and magnitude of gene actions
turn elucidates that we must reorient our research towards involved, provides to the breeder about insight of nature and
yield improvement. Theoretically, rice still has great yield relative magnitude of fixable and non-fixable genetic variances
potential to be tapped and there are many ways to raise rice ie. due to dominance or epistatic components (Pratap et al.,
yield, such as molecular breeding, new plant type and hybrid 2013).
rice technology. Among three, the most effective and Commercial exploitation of heterosis in rice is being explored
economical way to increase productivity is to develop hybrid at present in many rice growing countries. The technology
varieties based on the fruitful experience gained in China (Galal revolutionized the rice farming through boosting the yield
Bakr Anis et al., 2017). Exploitation of heterosis for yield from 35 to 40 q/ha from straight varieties of rice to the tune of
increase in rice through hybrid varieties becomes a practical 65 to 70 q/ha in rice hybrids. This helped the farmers in raising
option. This seems to be more effective, as commercial rice their economic status and helped in changing areas under
hybrid had been reported to exhibit 38% more yield compared straight varieties to rice hybrids in China (Yuan et al., 1989). In
to best commercial variety (Singh et al., 2013). India so far 117 hybrids were released for cultivation
Exploitation of heterosis in rice has been considered as an (Anonymous, 2019).
important tool for breeding the present yield barriers. The For the exploitation of heterosis, it is imperative to study the
study on the magnitude of heterosis is the most important magnitude of standard heterosis. Breeding strategies based
prerequisite for undertaking any heterosis breeding program on the selection of hybrids require expected level of heterosis
(Saravanan et al., 2008). as well as the specific combining ability (Satheesh kumar et
The first step in generating promising hybrids is the selection al., 2016). It is also prerequisite to identify the parents having
of desirable parents. The contribution of parents in a cross desirable general combining ability for various important traits.
and nick well ability of parents in crosses can be assessed by Keeping the context in view, the present investigation was
biometrical methods through combining ability studies. Line aimed to study the combining ability of parents and identify
× Tester analysis devised by Kempthorne (1957) is one of the heterotic crosses for grain yield and important yield attribute.

101
MANJUNATH KENCHARAHUT et al.,

JGL 21071 were exhibited high mean performance for nine

MATERIALS AND METHODS characters. In general, eighteen hybrids were superior for grain
yield per plant.
The present investigation was conducted at Rice Research
Center of Agricultural Research Institute, Hyderabad, The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all
Telangana, India, during Kharif, 2017. Experimental material the characters studied for parents and hybrids. (Table 2). The
consisting of 32 F1 hybrids obtained by line x tester mating variance due to hybrid was partitioned into variance due to
generated by crossing 8 lines and 4 testers (Table 1). These lines, testers and lines × testers for all the characters. The
hybrids along with 8 pollen parents (lines), 4 maintainer lines variance due to lines was significant for all the characters.
of CMS 23A, CMS 59A, CMS 64A and JMS 13A (testers) and 2 Variance due to testers was significant for all traits except the
checks were grown in single row of 3 m length with 2 head rice recovery. The variance due lines × testers were
replications in RBD with spacing of 30 x 15 cm. Recommended significant for the six characters studied viz., days to 50%
agronomic practices were followed to raise a good crop. flowering, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per
panicle, kernel length and kernel length breadth ratio. Parents
Observations were recorded on 5 randomly selected plants × hybrids showed significant variance for nine characters
for estimation of different traits viz., plant height (cm), number indicating superiority of hybrids and presence of heterosis for
of productive tillers per plant, panicle length (cm), spikelet almost all the traits studied. These results emphasized the
fertility (%) and grain yield per plant (g). However, days to importance of combining ability studies for indicating the
50% flowering was recorded on whole plot basis, whereas variability in the material studied and there is a good scope for
number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain weight (g), kernel identifying promising parents and hybrid combinations for
length (mm), kernel breadth (mm), kernel length breadth ratio, improving yield through its components.
hulling percent, milling percent and head rice recovery (%)
were recorded on a random sample taken in each plot as per In the present investigation, the degree of dominance was
the standard procedures (SES, 2013). The character means of more than unity for all the traits except for days to 50% flowering
each replication was subjected for analysis of variance (Panse (0.72), plant height (0.68) and number of grains per panicle
and Sukhatme, 1967), Combining ability analysis and the (0.68) (Table 3). SCA variances were higher than GCA
testing of significance of different genotypes was based on the variances for most of the characters, which indicated the
procedure given by Kempthorne (1957) and also estimated predominance of non-additive gene action. The traits viz.,
the heterosis over the better parent, standard variety and panicle length (0.86), number of productive tillers per plant
standard hybrid (Fonseca and Patterson, 1968). Computer (0.11), spikelet fertility % (0.14), 1000 grain weight (0.94),
software Windostat version 9.1 has been used for analysis of hulling percent (0.03), milling percent (0.1), head rice recovery
data. % (0.42), grain yield per plant (0.13), kernel length (0.71),
kernel breadth (0.55) and kernel length breadth ratio (0.5)
shown non-additive gene action, while days to 50% flowering
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (1.94), plant height (2.17) and number of grains per panicle
The results showed that the mean performance of the hybrids (2.18) exhibited additive gene action. The preponderance of
for most of the characters was higher than that of parents. non-additive type of gene actions for majority of the traits was
Among the thirty two hybrids, none of the hybrids was superior earlier reported by Thakare et al. (2013).
for all the characters studied. However, the hybrid CMS 23A x The gca effect was significant and positive for IET 19321 (7.91)
TP 30433 had better mean performance for majority of the followed by JGL 21071 (3.37) and WGL 823 (2.66) among
characters barring number of grains per panicle and head rice lines and CMS 64A (1.50) among testers for grain yield per
recovery. Other hybrids, CMS 23A x JGL 20649 and CMS plant. The gca effects revealed that among the lines IET 19321
59A x JGL 21071 were exhibited high mean performance for had significant gca effects in desired direction for important
10 characters and JMS 13A x IET19321, CMS 59A x IET 26106, traits viz., grain yield per plant, spikelet fertility %, 1000 grain
CMS 59A x TP 30433, CMS 23A x JGL 5614, and CMS 64A x weight, milling percent, and head rice recovery % (Table 4).

Table 1: Details of experimental material used for study

S. No Genotype Source Features
Lines
1. IET 19321 IIRR, Hyderabad Medium duration, medium bold grain, high yield
2. IET 26227 IIRR, Hyderabad Medium duration, long bold grain
3. WGL 823 RARS, Warangal Medium duration, medium slender grain
4. IET 26106 IIRR, Hyderabad Mid early duration, dwarf, medium slender grain
5. TP 30433 IRRI, Philippines Short duration, long bold grain
6. JGL 20649 RARS, Jagital Short duration, long slender grain
7. JGL 5614 RARS, Jagital Medium duration, medium bold grain
8. JGL 21071 RARS, Jagital Short duration, long slender grain
Testers
1. CMS 23B IRRI, Philippines Early duration, long bold grain
2. CMS 59B IRRI, Philippines Mid early duration, long slender grain
3. CMS 64B IRRI, Philippines Mid early duration, long slender grain
4. JMS 13B RARS, Jagital Medium duration, medium slender grain

102
 COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES IN RICE.

Among the testers, CMS 59A was a good general combiner for

grain weight (g), X8 =Hulling percent,X9 = Milling percent, X10 =Head rice recovery, X11 =Kernel length (mm),X12 =Kernel breadth (mm),X13 = Kernel length breadth ratio,X14 = grain yield per plant (g) SV = source of variation
*Significant at P=0.05 level ;**Significant at P=0.01 level;X1 =Days to50%flowering,X2 = Plant height (cm), X3 =Panicle length (cm),X4 =No of productive tillers,X5 = No. of grains per panicle, X6 = Spikeletfertility(%),X7 =1000
133.70**
24.40**
35.40**
the traits viz., grain yield per plant, spikelet fertility %, 1000

111**

358**
6.90*

55.75
grain weight, panicle length and head rice recovery %. It was

5.45

0.07
X14

1.7
observed in certain instances that the lines and testers with
good perse performance have not been good general

0.40**
0.0004

0.50**
0.45**

1.10**

0.30**
combiners and vice versa, thus the association between perse

0.0**

0.003

0.23
0.01
X13

performance and GCA effects was evident in the present study

indicated the effectiveness of choice of parents based on perse
0.00001

performance alone was not appropriate for predicting the

0.03**
0.08**

0.04**
0.06**

0.16**
0.10**

0.001
combining ability of the parents.

0.03
X12

0
The sca effects revealed that among thirty two hybrids, CMS
23A × JGL 20649 (15.53) recorded highest significant positive
1.40**
0.98**

0.60**
2.50**

0.90**
0.0003

1.30**

sca effect for grain yield followed by CMS 64A × IET 19321
0.07

0.03
X11

0.5 (13.07), JMS 13A × JGL 5614 (11.23), CMS 59A × TP 30433
(7.67) and JMS 13A × IET 26227 (6.07) and were considered
45.00**
23.80**
32.30**

53.40**
19.80**

as desirable. Eleven hybrids recorded significant and negative

14.2
13.2
X10

0.5
1.7

4.9

sca effects for days to flowering and CMS 23A × IET 19321 (-
5.40), CMS 64A × JGL 20649 (-4.06), CMS59A × IET 19321
5.20** 10.40**

0.60** 27.90**
4.20** 7.80**

3.60** 6.90**

(-4.0), CMS 59A × WGL 823 (-3.97) and JMS 13A × TP 30433
7.80** 4.40*
0.001 0.19

0.4
12.70** 6.9

4.8
1.9

(-3.84) were considered to be highly desirable for earliness

X9

(Table 5).
Six hybrids viz., CMS 23A × TP 30433 (10.38), JMS 13A ×
0.5

1.5
2.8
X8

WGL 823 (7.71), JMS 13A × JGL 21071 (6.67), CMS 59A ×
IET 26106 (5.94), CMS 59A × TP 3043 (5.2) and CMS 23A ×
18.40**
21.60**
30.50**

17.70**
7.80**

IET 26106 (5.13) recorded significant positive sca effects for

4.80*
0.01

1.09

spikelet fertility (%).

9.6
0.2
X7

Five hybrids viz., JMS 13A × JGL 20649 (3.72), CMS 23A ×
134.20**

IET 26227 (3.27), CMS 64A × JGL5614 (3.21), CMS 23A ×

63.10**
83.10**

56.30**
55.30**

91.70**

TP 30433 (2.44) and CMS 59A × TP 30433 (1.77) were

37.4

12.1
0.05

having bold grains and recorded significant positive sca effects

X6

47

for1000 grain weight.Three lines viz., WGL 823 (-3.10), JGL

26569.40**

20649 (-2.36), JGL 21071 (-1.52), only one tester JMS 13A (-
5705.50**

2889.30**
9661.40**

5466.50**
4482.10**

2.40) and seven hybrids viz., CMS 64A × TP 30433 (-2.46),

3254.2
852.5
1123

JMS 13A × WGL 823 (-2.02), CMS 23A × IET 19321 (-1.73),
93.5
X5

CMS 59A × JMS 20649 (-1.71), JMS 13A × TP 30433 (-1.70),

JMS 13A × JGL 5614 (-1.610) and CMS 64A × JMS 20649 (-
10.00 **
12.20**
7.00**

6.00**

1.53) were fine grain type and recorded significant negative

7.50*

gca and sca effects, respectively.

0.9

2.3
3.5

2.6
4.8
X4

The sca effect was significant and positive for two hybrids viz.,
11.80**

13.70**
14.00**

CMS 59A × TP 30433 (5.32) and CMS 59A × IET 26106

7.20**
6.30**

4.20**
6.00**
Table 2: Analysis of variance for different characters in rice

(3.96) for head rice recovery and identified as desirable.

0.86

0.4
6.1
X3

CMS 59A × TP 30433 was found to be good specific

combiner for traits viz., grain yield per plant, 1000 grain weight,
1204.60**
187.20**

126.80**

163.50**
161.60**

274.70**

spikelet fertility %, milling percent and head rice recovery and

65.30*

100.1

whereas CMS 23A x TP 30433 and JMS13 x WGL 823 were

13.9
52.1
X2

found to be good specific combiner for grain yield and other

important traits.
602.50 **
125.40**

170.40**

100.80**
151.40**

124.50**
99.20 **

Heterosis studies showed that the heterobeltiosis over better

8.30 *

parent ranged from -41.18 to 65.99 % for grain yield (Table

62.9
1.8
X1

6). Thirteen hybrids showed significant positive heterosis for

this trait. Highest significant positive heterobeltiosis was
Source of variation DF

87
43
11

31
43

recorded by CMS 64A x IET19321, CMS 23A x JGL 20649,

1
1

7
3

Parents X hybrids 1

,DF = degrees of freedom

CMS 64A x WGL 823 and JMS 13A x JGL 5614. The similar
trend of heterosis was also reported by Padmavathi et al.
Line X Tester
Replications

(2013).
Treatments

For standard heterosis over variety (MTU 1010) seventeen

Hybrids
Parents

Testers

hybrids were recorded positive significant heterosis. Highest

Total
Lines

Error

significant positive heterosis was recorded for CMS 64A ×IET-

103
MANJUNATH KENCHARAHUT et al.,

Table 3: Estimates of general and specific combining ability variances and proportionate gene action in rice
Character Source of variation Degree of Nature of
Dominance gene action
σ2 gca σ2sca σ 2gca/ σ2 sca (σ2sca/ σ2gca)1/2
Days to 50% flowering 100.18 51.48 1.94 0.72 Additive
Plant height (cm) 129.68 59.58 2.17 0.68 Additive
Panicle length (cm) 8.08 9.66 0.86 1.074 Non additive
Number of productive tillers per plant 0.94 7.91 0.11 2.9 Non additive
Number of grains per panicle 4380.12 2003.53 2.18 0.68 Additive
Spikelet fertility (%) 23.98 162.42 0.14 2.6 Non additive
1000 grain weight (g) 12.97 13.78 0.94 1.03 Non-additive
Hulling percent 0.16 5.58 0.029 5.83 Non additive
Milling percent 1.02 10.35 0.099 3.17 Non-additive
Head Rice Recovery (%) 7.35 17.68 0.42 1.55 Non additive
Kernel length (mm) 0.73 1.02 0.71 1.18 Non additive
Kernel breadth (mm) 0.025 0.046 0.55 1.35 Non additive
Kernel length breadth ratio 0.2 0.04 0.5 1.41 Non additive
Grain yield per plant (g) 35.34 263.33 0.13 2.73 Non additive
Table 4: Estimates of general combining ability effects in lines and testers for yield and yield contributing characters in rice

Days to Plant Panicle Number Number of Spikelet 1000 Hulling Milling Head Grain
Parents 50% height length of produ grains per fertility grain percent percent rice yield
flowering (cm) (cm) ctive tiller panicle (%) weight recovery per
per plant (m) % plant (m)
LINES
IET 19321 6.40** 7.70** 0.458 0.95 1.85 2.54* 1.53** -0.334 2.11** 3.86 ** 7.91**
IET 26227 0.4 -2.83* -2.20** -1.18* -1.18 -3.60** 0.35 0.751 -0.3 -3.62** -2.70**
WGL 823 -2.60** -2.33 -2.20** 0.45 33.55** 4.21** -3.10** -0.31 -0.47 0.17 2.66**
IET 26106 4.00** -6.33** -1.40** -0.18 -58.00** -4.42** 0.59 -0.92* -1.59** 0.24 -7.30**
TP30433 1.60** -2 0.46 -0.18 -48.00** -0.74 2.41** -0.23 -0.39 0.55 -3.10**
JGL 20649 -9.60** -0.89 3.77 -0.68 -0.70** 4.24** -2.36** 0.75 0.57 -2.01* -1.40**
JGL 5614 0.8 -7.58** -1.80** 0.76 -8.67 -2.77* 2.09** -0.06 -0.03 1.59 0.51
JGL 21071 -1.13 * 14.30** 2.83** 0.07 29.40** 0.54 -1.52** 0.36 0.11 -0.78 3.37**
TESTERS
CMS 23A -7.10** -6.40** -0.50** 0.38 43.0** -0.52 0.85** 0.13 0.09 -1.01 0.25
CMS 59A -0.22 5.11** 0.89** 0.41 -3.64 2.51** 1.41** -0.42 0.3 1.14* -2.00**
CMS 64A 2.88** -0.39 0.08 -0.96* -15.80* 0.6 0.14 0.12 0.32 -0.34 1.50**
JMS 13A 4.47** 1.67 -0.50** 0.16 30.80** -2.59** -2.40** 0.18 -0.08 0.2 0.53
Table 5: Estimates of specific combining ability effects in crosses for yield and yield contributing characters in rice
Days to 50% Plant Panicle Number of Number Spikelet 1000 Hulling Milling Head Grain
flowering height (cm) length (cm) productive of grains fertility (%) grain percent percent rice yield per
tillers per panicle weight (m) recovery % plant (m)
Hybrids per plant
CMS 23A × IET 19321 -1.06 -0.61 -1.72** -1.45 12.97 4.69 -1.73* 0.19 1.47 0.83 -2.38*
CMS 59A × IET 19321 2.53* 6.64* 2.67** 0.77 34.39 -2.89 0.99 0.31 2.10* 1.17 -4.02**
CMS 64A × IET 19321 -0.31 -5.86* -2.02** -0.85 -17.31 -2.93 -0.07 0.2 -1.87 0.15 13.07**
JMS 13A × IET 19321 -1.16 -0.17 1.07* 1.52 -30.05 1.14 0.8 -0.7 -1.7 -2.14 -6.67**
CMS 23A × IET 26227 -4.00** 0.14 -0.85 -0.57 4.87 0.45 -0.83 -0.31 0.08 -0.45 -6.64**
CMS 59A × IET 26227 -5.40** 4.39 0.04 0.4 -12.51 -1.5 0.01 0.06 -0.07 0.32 -1.03
CMS 64A × IET 26227 5.00** -3.61 0.11 0.77 -9.01 -3.26 -0.45 -0.05 0.13 -0.71 1.61
JMS 13A × IET 26227 4.41** -0.92** 0.7 -0.6 16.65 4.32 1.27 0.3 -0.11 0.84 6.07**
CMS 23A × WGL 823 -1.06 0.64 0.91 -1.95 -60.53** -11.00** 3.27** -1.5 -1.36 0.35 -10.33**
CMS 59A × WGL 823 -3.97** -7.11 -1.46** -0.98 31.39 -0.56 -0.63 -0.12 -0.74 -3.06 0.88
CMS 64A × WGL 823 -2.56* -1.61 1.11* 0.4 43.19* 3.85 -0.62 0.18 -0.54 0.09 4.12**
JMS 13A × WGL 823 7.59** 8.08** -0.55 2.52* -14.05 7.71** -2.02* 1.45 2.64* 2.63 5.33**
CMS 23A × IET 26106 -0.13 1.64 -1.02* -1.57 11.57 5.13* -1.26 1.35 -0.9 -3.88* -0.62
CMS 59A × IET 26106 2.47* -4.36 1.52** -0.85 -20.11 5.94* 1.42 0.9 1.22 3.96* 5.79**
CMS 64A × IET 26106 0.37 -0.61 -0.42 0.27 17.29 4.61 1.22 1.2 1 1.28 4.23**
JMS 13A × IET 26106 -2.72** 3.33 -0.08 2.15 -8.75 -15.69** -1.38 -3.45** -1.32 -1.35 -9.40**
CMS 23A × TP 30433 -0.25 -0.92 -0.22 1.93 21.67 10.38** 2.44** 0.92 0.22 -0.45 4.68**
CMS 59A × TP 30433 0.34 -0.67 -2.33** 0.65 -16.11 5.20* 1.71* 1.46 2.52* 5.32** 7.69**
CMS 64A × TP 30433 3.75** 4.08 1.23* -1.23 1.49 -6.73* -2.46** -0.74 0.63 -1.12 -8.11**
JMS 13A × TP 30433 -3.84** -2.48 1.32** -1.35 -7.05 -8.85** -1.70* -1.64 -3.36** -3.75* -4.25**
CMS 23A × JGL 20649 3.43** -3.55 -1.53** 1.68 4.71 -0.94 -0.47 1.31 2.60* 2.53 15.53**
CMS 59A × JGL 20649 2.78** 6.45* 0.86 0.15 1.99 -2.13 -1.71* -0.19 -1.7 -2.79 -3.85**
CMS 64A × JGL 20649 -4.06** 4.7 1.17* 1.52 17.72 1.53 -1.53* 0.37 -0.33 -0.64 -7.41**
JMS 13A × JGL 20649 -2.16* -7.61** -0.49 -3.35** -24.42 1.54 3.72** 1.14 -0.57 0.9 -4.25**
CMS 23A × JGL 5614 2.06* 2.14 3.03** 2.99* -7.7 -4.32 -0.54 1.59 -0.55 2.26 4.21**
CMS 59A × JGL 5614 2.66** -1.61 -0.83 -2.04 -17.18 0.09 -1.07 -2.50** -2.01* -2.39 -7.27**
CMS 64A × JGL 5614 -2.19* 1.89 -1.27* -0.66 -42.79* 1.08 3.21** -0.66 0.44 -0.5 -8.17**
JMS 13A × JGL 5614 -2.53* -2.42 -0.93 -0.29 67.67** 3.15 -1.61* 1.53 2.12* 0.63 11.23**
CMS 23A × JGL 21071 1 0.52 1.41** -1.07 12.42 -4.38 -0.89 -0.92 -1.53 -1.19 -4.44**
CMS 59A × JGL 21071 -1.41 -3.73 -0.46 1.9 -1.86 -4.16 -0.73 0.04 -1.32 -2.52 1.81
CMS 64A × JGL 21071 0 1.02 0.11 -0.28 -10.56 1.88 0.69 -0.49 0.55 1.46 0.66
JMS 13A × JGL 21071 0.41 2.2 -1.05* -0.6 -0.001 6.67* 0.92 1.37 2.31* 2.25 1.97*

104
 Table 6: Heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis of hybrids for yield and yield contributing traits in rice
Cross Days to 50% flowering Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) Number of productive tillers per
plant
HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC
CMS 23A × IET 19321 8.92 ** -4.47 ** -11.86 ** 26.05 ** -2.81 -9.27 ** -17.24 ** -12.73 ** 11.63 ** 1.85 -5.17 10
CMS 59A × IET 19321 2.67 7.26 ** -1.03 15.89 ** 13.39 ** 5.85 2.59 8.18 ** 38.37 ** 4.92 10.34 28.00 *
CMS 64A × IET 19321 2.94 * 7.54 ** -0.77 21.45 ** -2.16 -8.67 ** -16.38 ** -11.82 ** 12.79 ** -3.7 -10.34 4
JMS 13A × IET 19321 1.57 8.38 ** 0 11.01 ** 4.54 -2.42 -7.76 ** -2.73 24.42 ** 4.76 13.79 32.00 *
CMS 23A × IET 26227 -2.55 -14.53 ** -21.13 ** 15.13 ** -11.23 ** -17.14 ** -2.2 -19.09 ** 3.49 -23.08 * -13.79 0
CMS 59A × IET 26227 -12.30 ** -8.38 ** -15.46 ** 6.28 2.38 -4.44 -4.85 -10.91 ** 13.95 ** -16.92 -6.9 8
CMS 64A × IET 26227 2.14 6.70 ** -1.55 12.60 ** -9.29 ** -15.32 ** -3.06 -13.64 ** 10.47 ** -23.08 * -13.79 0
JMS 13A × IET 26227 1.05 7.82 ** -0.52 0.69 -5.18 -11.49 ** -1.04 -13.64 ** 10.47 ** -24.62 * -15.52 -2
CMS 23A × WGL 823 -2.55 -14.53 ** -21.13 ** 16.25 ** -10.37 ** -16.33 ** -3.03 -12.73 ** 11.63 ** 0 -12.07 2
CMS 59A × WGL 823 -13.90 ** -10.06 ** -17.01 ** 7.5 -7.13 * -13.31 ** -10.68 ** -16.36 ** 6.98 * -9.84 -5.17 10
CMS 64A × WGL 823 -9.09 ** -5.03 ** -12.37 ** 15.28 ** -7.13 * -13.31 ** 0 -10.00 ** 15.12 ** 17.02 -5.17 10
JMS 13A × WGL 823 2.93 * 8.10 ** -0.26 19.25 ** 3.02 -3.83 -9.09 ** -18.18 ** 4.65 7.94 17.24 36.00 **
CMS 23A × IET 26106 7.01 ** -6.15 ** -13.40 ** 12.89 ** -12.96 ** -18.75 ** -6.73 * -16.91 ** 6.28 -12.28 -13.79 0
CMS 59A × IET 26106 3.89 * 4.47 ** -3.61 * 4.94 -8.21 * -14.31 ** 3.88 -2.73 24.42 ** -13.11 -8.62 6
CMS 64A × IET 26106 5.00 ** 5.59 ** -2.58 12.06 ** -9.72 ** -15.73 ** -2.04 -12.73 ** 11.63 ** -8.77 -10.34 4
JMS 13A × IET 26106 3.33 * 3.91 * -4.12 ** 9.14 * -4.54 -10.89 ** -3.06 -13.64 ** 10.47 ** 1.59 10.34 28.00 *
CMS 23A × TP 30433 3.82 * -8.94 ** -15.98 ** 14.85 ** -11.45 ** -17.34 ** 0 -7.27 ** 18.60 ** 16.36 10.34 28.00 *

105
CMS 59A × TP 30433 2.89 -0.56 -8.25 ** 6.28 -1.3 -7.86 * -3.88 -10.00 ** 15.12 ** -3.28 1.72 18
CMS 64A × TP 30433 10.40 ** 6.70 ** -1.55 21.72 ** -1.94 -8.47 ** 7.84 ** 0 27.91 ** -16.36 -20.69 -8
JMS 13A × TP 30433 3.47 * 0 -7.73 ** 1.4 -5.83 -12.10 ** 5.88 * -1.82 25.58 ** -20.63 -13.79 0
CMS 23A × JGL 20649 -5.73 ** -17.32 ** -23.71 ** 13.17 ** -12.74 ** -18.55 ** 11.11 ** 0 27.91 ** 10.91 5.17 22
CMS 59A × JGL 20649 -1.53 -10.34 ** -17.27 ** 33.88 ** 5.83 -1.21 21.36 ** 13.64 ** 45.35 ** -9.84 -5.17 10
CMS 64A × JGL 20649 -6.13 ** -14.53 ** -21.13 ** 25.96 ** -0.43 -7.06 * 24.24 ** 11.82 ** 43.02 ** 0 -5.17 10
JMS 13A × JGL 20649 -1.84 -10.61 ** -17.53 ** 14.75 ** -9.29 ** -15.32 ** 15.15 ** 3.64 32.56 ** -36.51 ** -31.03 ** -20
CMS 23A × JGL 5614 5.73 ** -7.26 ** -14.43 ** 12.04 ** -13.61 ** -19.35 ** 11.58 ** -3.64 23.26 ** -7.69 24.14 * 44.00 **
CMS 59A × JGL 5614 -3.21 * 1.12 -6.70 ** 7.21 -6.91 * -13.10 ** -6.80 * -12.73 ** 11.63 ** -33.33 ** -10.34 4
CMS 64A × JGL 5614 -5.08 ** -0.84 -8.51 ** 13.40 ** -8.64 * -14.72 ** -7.14 * -17.27 ** 5.81 -33.33 ** -10.34 4
JMS 13A × JGL 5614 -5.76 ** 0.56 -7.22 ** 2.99 -10.58 ** -16.53 ** -6.25 * -18.18 ** 4.65 -25.64 ** 0 16
CMS 23A × JGL 21071 1.91 -10.61 ** -17.53 ** 34.73 ** 3.89 -3.02 11.32 ** 7.27 ** 37.21 ** -7.02 -8.62 6
CMS 59A × JGL 21071 -8.15 ** -5.59 ** -12.89 ** 17.78 ** 10.15 ** 2.82 9.43 ** 5.45 * 34.88 ** 6.56 12.07 30.00 *
CMS 64A × JGL 21071 -3.26 * -0.56 -8.25 ** 35.92 ** 9.50 ** 2.22 8.49 ** 4.55 33.72 ** -10.53 -12.07 2
JMS 13A × JGL 21071 -1.09 1.68 -6.19 ** 20.09 ** 12.31 ** 4.84 1.89 -1.82 25.58 ** -14.29 -6.9 8
COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES IN RICE.
 Table 6: Continued
Cross Number of grains per panicle Spikelet fertility (%) 1000 grain weight (g) Hulling percent
MANJUNATH KENCHARAHUT et al.,

HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC

CMS 23A × IET 19321 3.27 33.25 -27.47 * -0.35 -2.1 0.67 -2.64 -4.84 6.61 0.52 0 -1.03
CMS 59A × IET 19321 34.36 * 73.35 ** -5.64 -5.33 -7 -4.36 11.70 * 9.65 * 22.84 ** 0.52 -0.52 -1.54
CMS 64A × IET 19321 17.89 52.11 * -17.2 -7.46 -9.09 * -6.51 1.65 -0.64 11.31 * 1.58 0 -1.03
JMS 13A × IET 19321 -21.22 * 53.56 ** -16.41 -6.5 -8.14 * -5.54 -5.9 -8.02 3.04 -1.04 -1.03 -2.05
CMS 23A × IET 26227 4.89 27.37 -30.66 ** -12.65 ** -13.28 ** -10.82 ** -1.64 -6.07 5.22 1.25 0.73 -0.31
CMS 59A × IET 26227 16.84 41.89 * -22.76 * -11.47 ** -12.10 ** -9.61 * 2 0.13 12.18 * 1.04 0.52 -0.51
CMS 64A × IET 26227 29.33 57.06 ** -14.51 -15.45 ** -16.05 ** -13.67 ** -3.17 -7.53 3.59 1.56 1.04 0
JMS 13A × IET 26227 -5.69 83.84 ** 0.07 -10.69 ** -11.33 ** -8.82 * -6.94 -11.13 * -0.45 1.55 1.56 0.52
CMS 23A × WGL 823 -36.28 ** 5.67 -42.48 ** -9.79 * -17.18 ** -14.84 ** 2.21 -3.16 8.49 -1.56 -2.07 -3.08 *
CMS 59A × WGL 823 15.95 92.28 ** 4.67 6.01 -2.67 0.08 -16.40 ** -17.94 ** -8.07 0 -1.03 -2.05
CMS 64A × WGL 823 28.40 * 112.93 ** 15.91 8.94 * 0.01 2.84 -14.39 ** -23.50 ** -14.30 ** 1.58 0 -1.03
JMS 13A × WGL 823 -5.08 85.03 ** 0.72 3.78 0.73 3.59 -24.48 ** -40.91 ** -33.80 ** 1.65 1.66 0.62
CMS 23A × IET 26106 -26.45 -7.39 -49.59 ** -9.24 * -9.12 * -6.54 -10.28 * -6.91 4.28 1.25 0.73 -0.31
CMS 59A × IET 26106 -22.42 -2.31 -46.82 ** -5.11 -4.98 -2.29 3.53 7.42 20.34 ** 0.52 -0.52 -1.54
CMS 64A × IET 26106 7.39 35.22 -26.39 * -8.58 * -8.46 * -5.87 -2.75 0.91 13.04 * 2.11 0.52 -0.51

106
JMS 13A × IET 26106 -34.38 ** 27.9 -30.38 ** -33.83 ** -33.75 ** -31.87 ** -24.61 ** -21.78 ** -12.37 * -5.19 ** -5.18 ** -6.15 **
CMS 23A × TP 30433 16.26 6.13 -42.23 ** 13.45 ** 0.5 3.35 3.89 17.50 ** 31.63 ** 1.56 1.04 0
CMS 59A × TP 30433 -7.41 7.19 -41.65 ** 10.84 * -1.81 0.97 3.22 16.74 ** 30.78 ** 2.09 1.04 0
CMS 64A × TP 30433 19.88 31.66 -28.33 * -5.97 -16.70 ** -14.34 ** -18.03 ** -7.29 3.86 0.52 -1.04 -2.06
JMS 13A × TP 30433 -30.29 ** 35.88 -26.03 * -20.07 ** -22.42 ** -20.22 ** -24.98 ** -15.15 ** -4.95 -2.08 -2.07 -3.08 *
CMS 23A × JGL 20649 31.55 58.97 ** -13.46 7.78 -6.32 -3.67 -11.84 * -16.48 ** -6.43 -1.54 -0.52 -1.54
CMS 59A × JGL 20649 51.56 ** 83.15 ** -0.3 10.05 * -4.34 -1.63 -17.98 ** -19.48 ** -9.8 -0.82 0.21 -0.82
CMS 64A × JGL 20649 70.80 ** 106.40 ** 12.35 12.22 ** -2.46 0.3 -15.28 ** -24.30 ** -15.19 ** 0.52 1.56 0.52
JMS 13A × JGL 20649 -3.32 88.46 ** 2.59 -3.04 -5.88 -3.22 12.08 * -12.30 * -1.76 1.54 2.59 1.54
CMS 23A × JGL 5614 -9.1 12.66 -38.67 ** -6.55 -17.51 ** -15.17 ** 8.65 2.94 15.32 ** 1.03 2.08 1.03
CMS 59A × JGL 5614 6.81 32.39 -27.94 * 2.52 -9.50 * -6.93 5 3.07 15.47 ** -4.62 ** -3.62 * -4.62 **
CMS 64A × JGL 5614 3.57 28.36 -30.13 ** 1.4 -10.49 ** -7.95 * 25.14 ** 16.35 ** 30.34 ** -1.74 -0.72 -1.74
JMS 13A × JGL 5614 8.29 111.08 ** 14.9 -9.03 * -11.70 ** -9.20 * -9.79 -16.13 ** -6.04 1.02 2.07 1.02
CMS 23A × JGL 21071 8.43 51.06 * -17.77 -13.36 ** -14.01 ** -11.57 ** -9.84 -14.58 ** -4.31 -1.54 -0.52 -1.54
CMS 59A × JGL 21071 20.31 67.61 ** -8.76 -9.83 * -10.50 ** -7.97 * -9.74 * -11.40 * -0.74 -1.03 0 -1.03
CMS 64A × JGL 21071 25.43 74.74 ** -4.88 -5.35 -6.06 -3.4 -0.12 -10.76 * -0.02 -1.02 0.01 -1.02
JMS 13A × JGL 21071 -1.73 91.56 ** 4.27 -3.62 -4.34 -1.63 -1.59 -20.92 ** -11.41 * 1.34 2.39 1.34
 COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES IN RICE.

Table 6: Continued
Cross Milling percent Head rice recovery (%) Grain yield per plant (m)
HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC HB SVC SHC
CMS 23A × IET 19321 -1.1 5.29 * 2.88 1.26 0.63 5.92 17.44 ** 25.08 ** 9.19 *
CMS 59A × IET 19321 4.02 * 6.47 ** 4.02 * 5.03 4.37 9.86 ** 5.38 12.23 ** -2.03
CMS 64A × IET 19321 -2.3 0 -2.3 1.26 0.63 5.92 65.99 ** 76.78 ** 54.32 **
JMS 13A × IET 19321 -1.72 0.59 -1.72 -1.38 -2 3.16 5.81 12.69 ** -1.62
CMS 23A × IET 26227 -6.19 ** -0.12 -2.41 -10.82 ** -12.50 ** -7.89 * -27.56 ** -21.05 ** -31.08 **
CMS 59A × IET 26227 -0.59 -0.01 -2.3 -6.37 -8.12 * -3.29 -18.75 ** -11.46 ** -22.70 **
CMS 64A × IET 26227 -1.17 -0.59 -2.88 -10.19 ** -11.87 ** -7.24 * -0.57 8.36 * -5.41
JMS 13A × IET 26227 -1.17 -0.59 -2.88 -7.00 * -8.75 * -3.95 9.38 * 19.20 ** 4.05
CMS 23A ×WGL 823 -8.29 ** -2.36 -4.60 * -2.46 -5.63 -0.66 -12.54 ** -15.79 ** -26.49 **
CMS 59A ×WGL 823 1.21 -1.18 -3.45 -2.64 -7.50 * -2.64 18.87 ** 11.15 ** -2.97
CMS 64A ×WGL 823 0.61 -1.76 -4.02 * 4.82 -5 -0.01 56.86 ** 32.82 ** 15.95 **
JMS 13A ×WGL 823 7.49 ** 3.06 0.69 9.17 * -0.38 4.86 37.20 ** 33.59 ** 16.62 **
CMS 23A × IET 26106 -9.17 ** -3.3 -5.52 ** -8.91 * -11.87 ** -7.24 * -13.74 ** -16.41 ** -27.03 **
CMS 59A × IET 26106 2.41 0 -2.3 8.55 * 3.13 8.55 * -1.28 -4.33 -16.49 **
CMS 64A × IET 26106 1.2 -1.18 -3.45 7.64 * -3.12 1.97 5.75 2.48 -10.54 **
JMS 13A × IET 26106 -1.81 -4.12 * -6.32 ** 2.74 -6.25 -1.32 -41.18 ** -42.72 ** -50.00 **
CMS 23A ×TP 30433 -6.08 ** -0.01 -2.3 -3.1 -6.25 -1.32 17.36 ** 13.00 ** -1.35
CMS 59A ×TP 30433 5.39 * 3.53 1.15 11.19 ** 5.63 11.19 ** 22.52 ** 14.55 ** 0
CMS 64A ×TP 30433 1.8 0 -2.3 6.38 -6.25 -1.32 -13.67 ** -22.76 ** -32.57 **
JMS 13A ×TP 30433 -3.59 -5.29 * -7.47 ** -0.68 -9.37 ** -4.6 -11.45 ** -13.78 ** -24.73 **
CMS 23A × JGL 20649 -1.66 4.70 * 2.3 -2.46 -5.63 -0.66 57.56 ** 51.70 ** 32.43 **
CMS 59A × JGL 20649 0.11 -1.07 -3.34 -5.66 -10.37 ** -5.66 -10.26 * -16.10 ** -26.76 **
CMS 64A × JGL 20649 1.19 -0.01 -2.3 2.83 -9.38 ** -4.61 -0.18 -15.48 ** -26.22 **
JMS 13A × JGL 20649 1.19 -0.01 -2.3 2.74 -6.25 -1.32 -6.2 -8.67 * -20.27 **
CMS 23A × JGL 5614 -6.63 ** -0.59 -2.88 -1.85 -0.62 4.6 27.33 ** 22.60 ** 7.03
CMS 59A × JGL 5614 -3.49 -2.36 -4.60 * -5.56 -4.37 0.66 -17.42 ** -20.74 ** -30.81 **
CMS 64A × JGL 5614 -0.93 0.23 -2.07 -4.94 -3.75 1.31 -8.23 -11.92 ** -23.11 **
JMS 13A × JGL 5614 1.74 2.94 0.57 -2.47 -1.25 3.95 49.13 ** 45.20 ** 26.76 **
CMS 23A × JGL 21071 -7.74 ** -1.77 -4.03 * -6.33 -9.37 ** -4.6 5.96 4.64 -8.65 *
CMS 59A × JGL 21071 -1.18 -1.18 -3.45 -3.29 -8.12 * -3.29 17.71 ** 16.25 ** 1.49
CMS 64A × JGL 21071 0.59 0.59 -1.72 2 -4.37 0.66 25.86 ** 24.30 ** 8.51 *
JMS 13A × JGL 21071 3.41 3.41 1.03 4.13 -2.38 2.76 26.96 ** 25.39 ** 9.46 *
* Significant at 0.05% level, **Significant at 0.01% HB =Heterobeltiosis SVC = standard varietal check (MTU 1010) SHC = standard hybrid check (US 314)

Table 7: Top 5 ranking hybrids based on heterosis over varietal and hybrid check and sca effect.
S. No. Hybrids Grain yield Heterosis over Heterosis over sca Effect
/plant (g) varietal check (%) hybrid check (%)
1 CMS 64A x IET 19321 57.1 76.78 54.32 13.07
2 CMS 23A x JGL 20649 49 51.7 32.43 15.53
3 JMS 13A x JGL 5614 46.9 45.2 26.76 11.23
4 JMS 13A x WGL 823 43.15 33.59 16.62 5.33
5 CMS 64A x WGL 823 42.9 32.82 15.92 4.12

19321 followed by CMS 23A × JGL 20649, JMS 13A × JGL

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