A.

Ayub Khan
AP/ECE
Sona College of Technology
Motivation for development of Wearable Devices
 Motivation for development of Wearable Devices
Wearable devices and other smart technologies are becoming widely popular as more
individuals adopt the goal of improving their health.
What motivates consumers to purchase wearable tech depends largely on the type of
device and the benefits each offers for their everyday lives.
Smart watch owners say the top reason they purchased was for convenience, and
more than 35% said the purchase was to supplement their smart phone addiction.
By tracking our physical and emotional well-being, wearable technology can help us
better understand ourselves and improve our overall health.
Health and Fitness:
 Wearable devices like fitness trackers and smartwatches help individuals monitor
their physical activity, heart rate, sleep patterns, and other health metrics.
 These devices are designed to help people stay active, manage their weight, and
prevent chronic diseases.
Convenience:
Wearable devices offer a convenient way to access information and stay connected
while on the go.
Smart watches allow users to receive notifications, answer calls, and check their
calendar without having to take out their phone.
Safety:

Wearable devices like GPS trackers and panic buttons can provide an added level of
safety for individuals who are at risk of danger.
For example, hikers can use GPS trackers to stay on course and ensure their safety in
remote areas.

Efficiency:

 Wearable devices can also increase efficiency in a variety of settings.

 For instance, employees in warehouses or factories can use wearable devices to
access information, receive alerts, and communicate with other team members.

Fashion:

 Some wearable devices are designed to be fashionable and stylish, such as smart
jewelry and smart glasses.
 These devices can appeal to fashion-conscious consumers who want to look good
while still enjoying the benefits of wearable technology.
Motivation for development of wearable devices
 Motivation for development of wearable devices

Key Characteristics
 Portable while Operation.
 Enables hands free and hands limited use.
 Always with the user, or acting on behalf of the
user.
 Able to get user’s attention.
 Able to sense user’s current context. The person
operating or using the device is able to enter and
execute command(s) while involved in any
physical activity.
Features of Ideal Wearable Computing Devices
 Consistency:
The signal flows from human to computer and computer
to human uninterruptedly to provide constant user interface.
 Persistence:
These wearable's are designed for everyday and
continuous use over a lifetime.
 Enhancement:
The assumption of the wearable computing is that the
user is occupied with some other task along with computing. Thus, the
gadget should serve to enhance the intellect or augment the senses.
 Convenient:
It should be convenient to user.
 Unrestrictive:
Wearable devices enable a person to do multitasking.
 Interact seamlessly:
Adapts its input and output modalities to those most
appropriate at the time.
Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics

History of wearable device

 Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics

Xybernaut (1995)

 wearable headset with a computer over one eye.

 The utility belt holds the computer’s hard drive,
microprocessor, battery and mouse.
Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics

Development of Smart Watch

Recon JET
 Google Glass
Google Glass is a kind of smart glasses of augmented reality (AR), which was released by
Google in April 2012.

It is just like wearing a smart phone on the head, and has almost the same functions as the
smart phone.

The only difference is that the user can use it to take pictures, video chat, identify
directions, and deal with their messages and email just through the voice, which free the
users’ hands and brings a lot of convenience.

The main structures of the Google Glass are a 5-megapixel camera suspended in front of
it and a wide strip of computer processor drives at the right side of the glass.

The Google Glass is equipped with an optical head-mounted display (OHMD) in front of it,
which can project the data on the screen in front of the users’ right eye.

The display effect is just like a 25-inch high-resolution screen in 2.4 meters away.

There are two adjustable nose pads, which can fit different faces.
 Google Glass
The sensor that embedded in the nose pads can identify whether the Google Glass is worn.

The battery can support one day of typical use. Google Glass weights only 43 g, with 12 GB
of usable memory and 16 GB Flash memory total.

characteristic functions of Google Glass

analyzing emotions through the facial expressions, live telecasting of the NBA
show, assisting education, medical research and so on.
Google Glass
 Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics

The first wearable computer was created by mathematics professor Edward Thorp in
the 1960's. The first being the calculator wristwatch by Casio brand.
Evolution of wearable technology

Early Stages:

1960s. Digital Watches: Basic wrist-worn devices such as digital watches and
portable calculators emerged, showcasing the potential for wearable technology.

1970s. Calculator Watches: The Pulsar LED watch introduced the first digital watch
with a calculator function, integrating additional functionalities into wrist-worn devices.
1980s. Computerized Watches: The Seiko UC-2000 became the first commercially
available wristwatch with a built-in computer, enabling users to store contacts and
schedule appointments.

1984. Pedometer Watches: The Casio C-80 watch introduced the first consumer-
grade pedometer, allowing users to track their steps and promoting wearables for
fitness purposes.

1990s. Wearable Computing: The "WearComp" prototype by MIT Media Lab

showcased a head-mounted display and computing system, paving the way for
augmented reality technologies.
1999. Wearable Computers: The Xybernaut Poma wearable computer featured a
head-mounted display, portable keyboard, and stylus for input, targeting industrial
applications.
Advancements Stages and Product Highlights

2004. Fitness Trackers: The Fitbit Tracker introduced the commercialization of

fitness wearables, tracking steps, distance, and calories burned using
accelerometers.

2010. Smart watches: The Pebble Smart watch became popular as a customizable
and app-compatible device, allowing smart phone notifications, music control, and
fitness tracking.

2012. Augmented Reality: Google Glass was announced, featuring an optical head-
mounted display for hands-free access to information, pioneering AR wearables.

2014. Advanced Smart watches: The Apple Watch offered health and fitness
tracking, smart phone connectivity, and access to apps, propelling smart watches into
the mainstream market.

2016. Virtual Reality Headsets: Consumer-grade VR headsets like Oculus Rift and
HTC Vive provided immersive virtual reality experiences for gaming and simulations.
 2020s. Health Monitoring Wearables: The Apple Watch Series 6 introduced
blood oxygen level measurement and ECG capabilities, enhancing health tracking
functionalities.

2022. Smart Clothing: Integration of sensors into garments for monitoring vital
signs, posture, and movement, providing comfort and convenience in health and
performance tracking.

2023. Neural Interface Devices: Companies like Neuralink are developing

wearable devices that connect directly to the brain, aiming to enhance human
capabilities and address neurological conditions.
The future of wearable technology
We already have devices like fitness trackers, smart watches, and virtual reality
headsets that many people use. One exciting product is Apple Glasses. They are
glasses with special features that can show you information from your phone right in
front of your eyes. You can see texts, emails, games, and other things without looking
at your phone.
 The Latest Trends in Commercial Wearables
For instance, most of these perform a single function (e.g., measuring heart rate
during a workout) and so their application domain is limited. The recent arrival of
Google Glass appears to be the tipping point in terms of accelerating the
wearables movement into the mainstream since Google is an entity with sizable
technical and financial resources.
The Latest Trends in Commercial Wearables
The Latest Trends in Commercial Wearables
Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics
 Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics

Advancements in technology:

 Wearable devices are made possible by advancements in

microelectronics, wireless communication, and miniaturization.
 These advancements have made it possible to create small, lightweight
devices that can be worn on the body.

Consumer demand:

 Consumers have shown a growing interest in wearable devices as they

offer convenience, portability, and a range of features.
 Smartwatches, fitness trackers, and other wearables have become popular
among consumers who want to stay connected and track their health and
fitness goals.
 Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics

Health and wellness trends:

 The growing interest in health and wellness has also contributed to the rise of
wearable devices.

 Consumers are increasingly interested in monitoring their physical activity, sleep

patterns, and other health metrics, and wearable devices provide an easy way to
do so

Potential for new applications:

 Wearable technology has the potential to be used in a variety of industries and

settings, including healthcare, sports, and workplace safety.
 As more applications are developed, the demand for wearable devices is likely to
increase.
Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics
Emergence of wearable computing and wearable electronics
 Types of wearable sensors
 Accelerometers: These sensors measure changes in motion,
such as changes in speed, direction, and orientation. They are
commonly used in fitness trackers to track physical activity
and sleep patterns.
 Heart rate sensors: These sensors measure the heart rate by
detecting the electrical signals generated by the heart. They
are commonly used in smartwatches and fitness trackers to
track heart rate during exercise and throughout the day.
 Electrodermal activity sensors: These sensors measure
changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin, which can
be an indicator of stress, arousal, or emotional response.
 GPS sensors: These sensors use satellite signals to determine
the wearer's location. They are commonly used in outdoor
activity trackers and navigation devices.
 Ambient light sensors: These sensors measure the amount of
light in the environment, which can be used to adjust the
brightness of a device's display.
 Temperature sensors: These sensors measure the temperature
of the body or the environment. They can be used in medical
devices to monitor body temperature or in wearable climate
control systems.
 Pressure sensors: These sensors measure changes in pressure,
such as changes in altitude or changes in blood pressure. They
are commonly used in fitness trackers and medical devices.
 Electromyography sensors: These sensors measure electrical
activity in the muscles, which can be used to track muscle
activity during exercise or rehabilitation.
 Oxygen sensors: These sensors measure the level of oxygen in the blood, which can
be used to monitor respiratory health and athletic performance.
 Ultraviolet (UV) sensors: These sensors measure the intensity of UV radiation,
which can be used to monitor exposure to sunlight and protect against skin
damage.
 Blood glucose sensors: These sensors measure the level of glucose in the blood,
which is important for individuals with diabetes who need to monitor their blood
sugar levels.
 Electroencephalography (EEG) sensors: These sensors measure the electrical
activity of the brain, which can be used to monitor brain function and detect
neurological disorders.
 Biometric sensors: These sensors measure unique physical characteristics of the
wearer, such as fingerprints or facial features, which can be used for identification
and security purposes.
 Humidity sensors: These sensors measure the level of moisture in the environment,
which can be useful for monitoring air quality and preventing mold growth.
 Magnetometers: These sensors measure the strength and direction of magnetic
fields, which can be used for navigation and orientation.
 Chemical sensors: These sensors detect the presence of specific gases or chemicals
in the environment, which can be used for safety monitoring in industrial or
hazardous environments.
 Invasive wearable sensors
Implanted glucose sensors:
 These sensors are used to monitor blood sugar levels in
individuals with diabetes. They are implanted under the skin
and provide continuous glucose monitoring.
Implantable cardiac monitors:
 These sensors are used to monitor heart activity in individuals
with cardiac conditions.
 They are implanted under the skin and provide continuous
heart monitoring.
Implantable neurostimulators:
 These sensors are used to stimulate nerves for pain
management or to treat neurological disorders.
They are implanted under the skin and can provide continuous
stimulation.
 Invasive wearable sensors

Implantable drug delivery systems:

 These sensors are used to deliver medication
directly into the body. They are implanted under the
skin and can provide continuous drug delivery.
 Invasive wearable sensors can provide a high level of
accuracy and continuous monitoring, but they also
require invasive procedures and can carry risks such
as infection, tissue damage, or rejection.
 These sensors are typically used in medical
applications where the benefits outweigh the risks,
and they are closely monitored by healthcare
professionals.
 Invasive wearable sensors

 Implantation: The sensor is surgically implanted into the body.

Depending on the type of sensor, it may be placed under the skin,
in muscle tissue, or even directly into an organ.

 Sensing: The sensor detects changes in the body, such as glucose

levels, muscle activity, or organ function. The sensor may use
various technologies to detect these changes, such as electrodes,
biosensors, or microfluidic channels.

 Data transmission: The sensor sends data to a transmitter, which

may be located near the implant site or elsewhere in the body. The
transmitter may use various technologies to send data, such as
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or radio frequency.
 Invasive wearable sensors
Data reception: The receiver or monitor outside of the body receives the
data transmitted by the sensor. This may be a handheld device or a
computer system that can analyze and display the data in real-time.

Analysis: The data received from the sensor is analyzed by software or by

a healthcare professional to monitor changes in the body over time. The
data can be used to diagnose and treat medical conditions or to track
progress in rehabilitation or research.

Invasive wearable sensors are typically used in medical applications where

continuous monitoring is needed, such as for the treatment of diabetes,
heart conditions, or neurological disorders. These sensors require surgical
implantation and can carry risks, but they can also provide valuable data for
medical research and diagnosis.
 Non-Invasive wearable sensors

Over the past decade, non-invasive wearable chemical sensors have

gained tremendous attention in the field of personal health monitoring
and medical diagnosis.

Non-invasive monitoring of chemical constituents in sweat, tears, or

saliva.
Monitoring of wearer's health or fitness.

A wide range of wearable electrochemical sensors and biosensors has

been developed for real-time non-invasive monitoring of electrolytes
and metabolites in sweat, tears, or saliva as indicators of a wearer's
health status.
Non Invasive BP Measurement
 Palpation

 Inflate the cuff rapidly to 70MM Hg

 Increases by 10MM Hg

 Pressure at which the pulse disappear and stop inflation.

 Deflate the pressure and pulse reappear is systolic blood

pressure.

 Diastolic can not be determined

Doppler method
Auscultation method
Oscillometry method
Wearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis
Examples of micro fluidic sweat sensors.
 Wearable and flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat analysis

• Flexible wearable sweat sensors allow continuous, real-time, noninvasive detection

of sweat analyses

• Electrochemical sensors are the best choice for wearable sweat sensors due to
their high performance, low cost, miniaturization, and wide applicability.

• Bio-fluids (such as sweat, tears, saliva, or tissue fluids) are of interest as analytics
for their ease of sampling and have shown the potential to provide continuous, real-
time physiological information.

• Compared to other bio-fluids, sweat is rich in analytics that may convey

physiological information about the body and are closely correlated with blood
levels, offering tremendous advantages in wearable sensing.

• Wearable sweat monitoring platforms allow sweat collection and analysis at the
location of sweat production, resulting in autonomous, continuous, real-time
sensing.

• wearable sweat sensors have a wide range of promising applications in areas such
as fitness tracking and health monitoring in high-performance sports for athletes, as
well as disease diagnosis and medical monitoring
 Examples of wearable sweat sensors based on iontophoresis.
Sweat samples can be obtained by
two approaches: the passive
approach and the active approach.

In the passive approach, people

intensely exercise, such as by
running, cycling, or performing
other physical exercises, to induce
sufficient sweat secretion.

Iontophoresis is a widely used

method of active sweat induction,
allowing the acquisition of sweat
samples while the body is
sedentary.

A current is generated under the

skin surface by applying a voltage
between the iontophoretic
electrodes

This method has been applied to

monitor levels of chloride, ethanol,
and glucose.
Examples of wearable sweat sensors made of different materials.
 Examples of wearable sweat sensors made of different materials.

Fabric-based wearable sensors are currently fabricated in two main ways.

One approach is to print fully formed sensors onto fabric via a screen
printing process, which can provide mass production of low-cost
reproducible textile sensors

Another approach is to form thread-based sensors that can be processed

into the fabrics themselves.

For example, a smart textile electrochemical sweat lactate sensing device

was reported, assembled by weaving three different functional stretchable
gold fiber electrodes into the fabric to monitor the lactate concentration in
sweat, maintaining high performance even under high tensile strain
History of wearable electrochemical sweat sensors for detecting
metabolites and electrolytes.
Bio signal Monitoring
Pulse, pressure, oxygen
Pulse, pressure, oxygen
Respiration
 Intelligent clothing
Intelligent clothing that monitors the wearer's physical condition.

Smart shirts and body suits provide biometric data, such as pulse rate,
temperature, muscle stretch, heart rhythm and physical movement, and the data
are transmitted via Bluetooth to an app in real time.

Smart clothing, or e-textiles, are fabrics embedded with ultrathin, flexible and
transparent sensors, actuators, electronics, mobile connectivity, and even nano-
generators to power them.

The combination of these components gives smart clothes new functionality that
improves their performance and usefulness for the wearer when compared to
their non-smart counterparts.

These components are stretchable, breathable, even washable – and they are
invisible to the eye.

One of the biggest factors that play a part in the emerging electronic textiles
industry is the advancement of nanotechnology. Intrinsic conductive nano-
materials such as or metallic nano-wires, carbon nanotubes, graphene,
 Intelligent clothing

This example shows a flexible electronic circuit integrated on a fabric substrate

coated with a thin layer of PDMS (top) and magnified view in the bottom right
box.
 Smart Clothing for Rescue Workers, Healthcare and Military
A great example of smart clothing in a work environment is for emergency first
responders such as firefighters and rescue workers. The goal is to improve their
safety, coordination and efficiency and the survival management they provide for
civilians.
By integrating electronic components, sensors and interconnectivity directly into
protective garments, a wide range of functions can be accomplished:

continuous monitoring of life signs

bio potentials,
breathing movement,
cardiac sounds
sweat,
dehydration,
Stress etc..

low-power local wireless communications, including integrated fiber antennae,

that automatically transmit this data to a monitoring station.
 Conductive yarns and fabrics

(a) enlarged view of a fabric made with a conductive yarn obtained

with stainless steel wires twisted around cotton and elite fibers;
(b) enlarged view of a fabric made with conductive stainless steel fibers blended with
polyester fibers;
(c) enlarged view of a fabric realized with conductive bicomponent fibers
(d) enlarged view of a fabric realized with silver-coated fibers.
Conductive yarns and fabrics

Connections

Electrodes
Wearable Wellness System (WWS) to collect physiological data that includes
heart rate variability, respiratory rate, activity, and movement.
 Textile Weaves
A textile is composed of orthogonally crossing yarns, called warp and weft.
The crossing pattern is called the textile weave and the minimal repeating pattern is
called the weave repeat.

Illustration of plain weave.

Cross-section of multi-layered textile.
The resulting prototype.
Smart Textile
Electronic Textiles
Nano Material Printed
Connectivity of Electronic Textiles
1. A silicon bendy skin with stitching holes.
2. A folded silicon bendy skin.
3. A silicon flexible skin stitched onto the surface over a quantity
over a fabric.
RF TX/RX integrated in textiles
 Wearable Devices in Sports
Sports and fitness trackers

Wristbands or clip-on trackers that collect activity data such as steps taken,
calories burned, stairs climbed, distance traveled, and hours slept.

few examples in this device-rich market segment, which includes Fitbit Flex,
Jawbone UP, Misfit Shine, and Nike+ Fuel Band.
 Wearable Devices in Sports

Wearable tech improves sports performance by giving you critical data that you can track
overtime and tweak your training programs for better effect.

Also, monitoring your vitals such as heart rate or sleeping patterns will help you better
understand your body.

It also helps athletes gain a competitive advantage.

Fans, coaches, referees, and trainers actively use athlete performance technologies.

Wearable devices and sensors help to

• Optimize training,
• Improve game decision-making,
• Speed up recovery,
• Understand and push the boundaries of what athletes can achieve.
• Track their training progress and sports achievements,
• Monitor their well-being, and avoid injuries during games and practices.
 Wearable Sensors for Sports

A minuscule drone on your wrist captures your video during a workout.

A smart shoe tracks your heart rate and your goggles monitor your miles and give
an instant response when you ask,
 Wearable Sensors for Sports
Smart bracelet

According to the gender, age, height, weight and

the other information that the users have
entered, the companion application can show
more accurately the steps, distance, speed, and
calorie consumption while the users are
exercising.

Besides, this band is also resistant to water and

dust.

Users can log their meal and track calories with

the Band barcode scanner
 Wearable Sensors for Sports
Fitbit
It is also a smart bracelet designed for exercise.
The LED light on the Fitbit Flex can show the
progress of the users’ exercise, and sync
wirelessly via Bluetooth to the companion
application in the smart phone, tablet, or PC.

Therefore, users can be informed about the

data and information of their body and exercise,
for instance, step counting, journey recording,
calorie consumption counting, active time, sleep
time and quality.

Fitbit Flex is waterproof and has 5 to 7 days

battery life.
 Wearable Sensors for Sports Smart Football Tracker

If you want to know how many sprints you made, what

your heat map looks like and how fast you run during a
football match, the Smart Football Tracker might be just
for you.

This FIFA authorized wearable GPS tracker sits in a

vest which is worn by the player during a football
match.

It helps to analyze and improve the performance of the

football players while enabling them to view their speed,
distance, power, sprint distance, load, intensity, and
positioning on their smart phone using an intuitive app.
 Wearable Sensors for Sports
Swim Tracker
While swimming your arms remain in motion
and when you break stroke to check on your
progress, you no longer propel yourself
towards your goal.

Instead, you begin to slow down due to the

drag from that out of place limb.

With Swim Tracker, there is no more slowing

down.

Attached to your goggles, the Swim Tracker

sits just on the back of your head, out of the
way to minimize drag.

The wearable device also provides

customizable real-time audio feedback
directly while swimming just like a virtual
coach.
 Wearable Sensors for Sports
Smart Socks
The Smart socks feature three sensors
stitched on the underside with one near the
heel and two on the ball of your foot.

All you need to do is to wear them

according to the “LEFT” and “RIGHT”
labels and it will track the performance of
each foot individually.

Then a Bluetooth bracelet on top needs to

be connected to your smart phone through
the mobile App and it will collect the
analytics on your foot landing, cadence,
the pace at which you run at, calories
burned, distance, speed, ascent, and total
steps.
 Wearable Sensors for Sports
Sweat Band
It is a thin, black headband that accurately tracks
your heart rate for your workouts.

Wearing the tracker up near the temples of the head

makes it easier to track the heart rate because of
the increased blood flow and thin skin.

Inside the band, there is a small silicone casing and

that's where the sensor is placed.

And once the headband is in place, you need to

open the Mobile app and pick out your workout.
 Wearable Sensors for Sports

What Are Athletes’ Favorite Wearable Technologies?

Inertial Sensors
An inertial sensor is composed of accelerometers that detect force and pressure, a
gyroscope that indicates rotation, and a magnetometer that measures the body. These
systems collect data along three dimensions and record every aspect of an athlete’s
activity.

Heart Rate Monitors

Monitoring heart rate is a method of assessing a player’s internal load and aiding in
detecting the body’s response to foreign stressors. Pulse rate is frequently the first
wearable device that teams engage in due to its efficiency and capacity to give insight when
combined with other innovations.

Sleep Trackers

Among the most popular types of wearable electronics in the marketplace is sleep
trackers. Companies like Apple and Fitbit have rendered this type of data readily
accessible, but acquiring accurate and trustworthy data from several consumer products is
nearly complicated.
Wearable Devices for Military Applications
 Wearable Technology for Military Applications

Thin and Flexible Heaters in Military Clothing

Stay warm in any weather condition by adding a printed heater to your gloves, pants,
jackets, helmets, and boots.

Printed heaters use silver and carbon conductive inks and can be heat transferred or
sown into almost any kind of fabric.

Safety and mobility are key benefits of printed heaters. Unlike traditional wired heaters,
printed PTC heaters do not have any constricting or uncomfortable wires.

Innovative printed flexible heaters are also self-regulating, so there is no need for any
outside controls.

This is a great feature because they will not overheat, spark, or start any electrical fires.

By adding a printed heater to the military personnel’s clothing, troops will be able to
withstand the temperature extremes in harsh climates.

These heaters also distribute heat evenly without any hot spots. When looking for a
reliable form of heat, a printed heater is what is needed for continuous mobility.
 Wearable Technology for Military Applications

Biometric Sensors for Health Monitoring

Biometric sensors are a perfect solution for remote health monitoring in soldiers.

By using conductive inks, sensors are printed onto a film, that can stretch with the clothing.

Biometric sensors, with no movement limitations, can detect EKG, ECG, EEG, and other
biometric data.

Like the printed heaters, the sensors can be added to just about any fabric and incorporated
into military gear.

Biometric sensors make it possible to monitor critical patient information from a remote
location.

Soldiers can be monitored while being out in the field.

The biometric sensors can be used to track soldiers’ vitals such as heart rate or respiratory
rate.

They also provide remote access to information such as body temperature, which can be
very important, especially when military personnel find themselves in dangerous situations.
 Wearable Technology for Military Applications

Tracking Devices
An application for printed antennas in the defense industry is for each tag
to be attached to an inventory item, person, or product.

Security is a major concern for everyone, especially for the military.

The tag can be programmed to sound off an alarm if the tag leaves
a restricted room, or could be programmed to sound an alarm if the
tag enters a restricted area.

Antennas can be made to send signals to

receptors located throughout a building or ship.

This way the product/person is being tracked while it is in motion.

The printed antenna tag is so small that it can be inserted onto the
smallest inventory objects or seamlessly added into clothing.
 Military Applications for Wearable Technology

Speedy Recovery Time

When it comes to healthcare in the military field, biometric sensors are not the only helpful
tool.

Imagine the use of a heated bandage that could help with quicker wound healing in harsh
conditions.

With the use of printed technology, heaters are now able to be printed into bandages to
help protect the wound and provide quicker recovery times.

The heat can also soothe the muscle to increase movement without pain.

E-stim sensors can be applied to bandages or compression garments to speed up rehab

time. The sensor sends electrical impulses into the muscles to make them contract.

This loosens up the muscles after an injury, making the recovery time painless and
quicker than without muscle stimulation.
 Wearable Technology for Military Applications

Performance Monitoring
Another use of wearables for military personnel is performance monitoring.

Smart clothing with the use of biometric sensors can monitor the performance levels of
individuals.

One great way of measuring the physical strain of an individual is to track their heart and
breathing rates.

By implementing biometric sensors into the military personnel’s clothing, it is easy to monitor
muscle activity, muscle fatigue, and muscle symmetry.

Biometric sensors can also measure speed, acceleration levels, and distance traveled.
When monitoring muscle activity, biometric sensors provide real-time data.

This would be critical when determining the status of a soldier in the field.

Force sensing resistors (FSRs) can be added to the insoles of boots to track how effectively
the person can run.

It can also locate the muscles in the feet that get the most strain. By monitoring the strained
muscles with FSRs, injuries can be avoided with proper training to eliminate any strain.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

There are wearable devices worn by healthcare providers.

For example, doctors at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston wear Google
Glass to communicate and check patient information.

Then, there are wearable medical devices for managing chronic diseases and for
monitoring patients post-hospitalization, including wearable glucose monitors, ECG
monitors, pulse oximeters, and blood pressure monitors.

These can be used, of course, in hospitals but are also worn by patients, the doctor having
access to the data via a smartphone or tablet.

The last category comprises wearable devices for health-related uses, such as sports and
fitness trackers.

These can affect health insurance rates and users or wearers can also grant their health
providers with access to the aggregate data.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

DEVICES:
Smart glasses such as Google Glass and Epson Moverio and also Smart Badges like
Hygreen’s and Biovigil’s hand hygiene monitoring systems for hospitals are used primarily by
healthcare providers.

Other devices – smart clothing, smart patches, wearable monitors, fitness trackers,
ingestibles, etc. – are worn by healthcare recipients.

APPLICATIONS & BENEFITS:

Wearables stand to function in healthcare & medical scenarios in a number of ways,
including improving access to patient data and remote monitoring of patients with chronic
diseases.

Pre-care applications allow doctors and patients to treat potential problems before they
become more serious, and thereby reduce costs.

Wearable tech can also assist in monitoring patients post-care—for example, in tracking a
patient’s recovery process post-hospitalization.

Wearable tech can make routine medical procedures more efficient, including detecting a
patient’s veins for drawing blood, as well as facilitate telemedicine, remote expert
consultations, and remote medical training.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

Wearable healthcare technology refers to health monitoring devices worn on the body, such
as the wrist, to help monitor the wearer's health data.

These devices use biosensors to collect different data from the patient, such as heart rate,
blood pressure, sleep patterns, and activity.

With advancements in biosensor technology and accuracy, smaller battery sizes, and
increased performance, wearable medical technology can provide users with accurate
healthcare data that keeps them in charge of their own healthcare.

Wearable healthcare technology is healthcare monitoring devices worn on the body to

monitor healthcare data through the use of biosensors.

Wearable healthcare technology accurately monitors pulse, fitness data, and sleep;
however, some devices, such as smartwatches, cannot accurately monitor blood pressure.

Wearable medical technology is used for various reasons and can accurately
monitor fitness, heart rate, general wellness, and disease management.

They can also provide medication reminders and store patient health information.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

Medical technology uses biosensors to take accurate health data measurements from the
patient.

These sensors use biological molecules like enzymes to detect or measure specific
substances like glucose, cholesterol, drugs, or health data, such as heart rate, blood
pressure, or breathing rate.

Biosensors detect biological, chemical, or physical signals and convert them into
measurable electrical or optical signals.

There are two main types of biosensors used in wearable medical devices:

Photodiode sensor- This type of sensor converts light energy into electrical energy. Similar
to the strip on a solar-powered calculator, this sensor converts the data from a vein into
usable data translated back to the wearable device to transmit information to the user.

CMOS sensors- The CMOS is known on the market for its accuracy and intelligence. Like a
high-end DSLR camera lens, the CMOS sensor can accurately direct its focus and even
cancel out other noises and light that may affect a reading. In addition, the CMOS sensor
can also detect atrial fibrillation (Afib), a common heart condition.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

Best health monitoring devices to use every day

Blood pressure monitors: The Qardioarm Blood Pressure Monitor — this device is the
best on the market and has over 2K 5-star reviews. The monitor is placed on the right or left
arm and accurately provides the user with a blood pressure reading right to their phone.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

Best health monitoring devices to use every day

Glucose meters: The Freestyle Libre 2 — this advanced blood glucose reading device
is known to be the best on the market for diabetic glucose monitoring.

It offers a device placed on the upper arm and uses a phone sensor to measure the reading
from the device.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

Best health monitoring devices to use every day

ECG monitors: The Apple Watch — Apple technology is always ahead of the competition.
The Apple Watch is the only wearable device to detect abnormal heart rhythms and
accurately provide ECG readings.

However, although the Apple Watch technology is advanced, it cannot detect heart attacks,
blood clots, strokes, or other heart-related conditions, such as congestive heart failure.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

Fitness trackers: Fitbit Charge 5 — This smartwatch is known to be one of the most
accurate and easiest-to-navigate fitness trackers available.

This sleek and compact design accurately monitors everything from heart rate to steps and
has a battery life that lasts up to 7 days.
 Wearable Devices for Healthcare

The NADI X has hundreds of 5-star reviews.

The brand uses mild vibrations from sensors integrated into the clothing to tell the wearer if
they are practicing yoga moves accurately.

This can help overall balance and lead to achieving better fitness goals.
Wearable Devices for Fashion and entertainment,
Wearable Devices for Fashion and entertainment,
 Wearable Devices for Fashion and entertainment,

A Sound Shirt for hearing impaired individuals.

an interactive sound shirt with a

communication function for people
with hearing impairments

By wearing this shirt, users can

“listen” to an orchestra by feeling the
vibrations of the instruments, which
activate different parts of the shirt.

The “Sound Shirt” software includes

sensors that detect the important
sounds of the bass, cello, and
percussion instruments and
translate them into vibrations,
enabling users to experience the
orchestral performance.
 Wearable Devices for Fashion and entertainment,

LUMENUS smart cloth with a safety functionality

a garment with a safety protection

function.

LED-based turn signals are installed in

the front and back of the garment,
allowing the wearer to view approaching
people from all directions and thereby
avoid rear accidents.
 Wearable Devices for Fashion and entertainment,
Entertainment
Virtual reality headsets and augmented reality glasses have come to exemplify wearables in
entertainment.

The influence of these virtual reality headsets and augmented reality glasses are seen mostly
in the gaming industry during the initial days, but are now used in the fields of medicine and
education.

VR headsets, glasses, and controllers were the first type of wearable device used in games.
They are in demand for all kinds of entertainment, such as virtual travel or watching movies.

Smartwatches and AR glasses can be used to navigate in cities and explore local landmarks.
 wearable devices for environment monitoring

Practical environmental monitoring applications include protection of public water

supplies, management of hazardous and radioactive waste, identification and
analyzation of pollution sources that affect urban air quality and its effects on
human health, protection and management of natural resources like soil and
others.

four types of environmental monitoring:

 Air quality,
 Water quality,
 Noise quality,
 Biodiversity
 wearable devices for environment monitoring

Environmental Sensors:

resistive sensors – used for pressure measurement and temperature

electrochemical (EC) sensors- used to find the gases and chemicals present in the
environment.

Non-Dispersive Infrared Sensors (NDIR) sensors-based on optical transducing mechanisms

based on the Infrared Gas Absorption Spectra- used for CO2 monitoring

photo-ionization detector (PID) sensors-

gas sensors (GS)-MOS sensor- CO, CO2, NO, NO2-metal oxide gas sensors (tin oxide) are
one of the most used types of sensors in air quality monitoring.

particulate matter sensors (PMS)-to measure the content of particulate matter in the air
wearable devices for environment monitoring
wearable devices for environment monitoring
 wearable devices for environment monitoring

This Wearable Detects Pollution to Build Air Quality Maps in Real Time
 wearable devices for environment monitoring

The new wearable system developed for monitoring outdoor environments

The equipment consisted of a set of sensors joined in a kind of backpack, as shown
in Figure.

This wearable may also be useful for microclimate monitoring in historical cities and
protected and sensitive areas, where only a few streets may be acceded by classical
vehicles.
The system measured several environmental parameters, such as air temperature, relative
humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind velocity and direction, global solar radiation, illuminance,
particulate matter concentrations (PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10), and CO2, O3, and
NO2 concentrations. All sensors were connected to a control unit that collected, stored and
sent data to the cloud via Wi-Fi.
wearable devices for environment monitoring
Monitoring system architecture.
 wearable devices for mining industry
Such equipment could include a sensor-equipped
safety vest, smart eyewear, a smart helmet, and an
integrated position transponder.

Additional sensors could expand such a system

according to the specific needs of the miner.

Wearable technology can efficiently track the

workforce during mine operations.

The mining industry is increasingly harnessing the

power of industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) sensors to
improve mining operations.

IIoT sensors are digital instruments that measure,

record, and transmit data from mining assets to
upstream management/monitoring systems, which
may be located on- or off-site.

Technology such as air sensors, ground-penetrating

radar, video surveillance, and IoT sensors all can play
a role in smart mining operations.
wearable devices for mining industry
wearable devices for mining industry
wearable devices for mining industry
 PUBLIC SAFETY & SECURITY

When a building is on fire, every second counts for the first responders rushing to
the scene.

Technology that could potentially save time and limit distractions could save lives in
this scenario.
For example, smart glasses could feed important real-time, lifesaving information
directly to the eye line of a firefighter, without his having to take his attention off
the critical task at hand to reach for a radio, smartphone, tablet or computer.

For those entrusted with our safety and security, having both hands free – a well-
known advantage of using wearable tech as opposed to handheld devices or
computers – is not just convenient; it’s crucial.
 PUBLIC SAFETY & SECURITY

A PPICATIONS, DEVICES & POTENTIAL:

When it comes to police officers, firefighters, and paramedics, wearables are currently being tested to
provide remote communication support and feedback; reliable visual and audio documentation in the field;
increased safety; and better training.

Wearable devices can assist in field communications and improve situational awareness, allowing for more
informed decision making in the field, while keeping first responders’ hands free to deal with multiple issues
at once.

Imagine a paramedic tending to a patient while recording and transmitting information about her condition;
or a firefighter searching for victims in a fire while simultaneously receiving insight allowing him to assess
the best route to get to them (smart glasses).

Wearable cameras can be employed to document field procedures or protocol.

The captured evidence could not only be used as proof in court, effectively protecting police officers (and
firefighters) from negative legal ramifications of which they are undeserving; but it could also protect the
public from police violence.

Even more, the video could be leveraged as part of training, or to augment traditional police officer and
firefighter training.

Wearable tech can also track first responders’ health vitals and environmental factors, increasing safety by
providing early indicators of potentially hazardous situations.
 PUBLIC SAFETY & SECURITY

Smartwatches also stand to impact emergency personnel by assisting with field communications and
measuring one’s health in the field via built-in heart rate monitors, pedometers, and various other sensors
and apps designed to track exercise, sleep and stress levels.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION:

A huge benefit to employing wearable technology in construction is the ability to augment reality to access
work plans before one’s eyes, in real time, and without having to put down one’s tools; and to view
interactive models of building projects without having to be an expert at BIM (building information modeling)
or VDC (virtual design and construction).

In addition, these devices can provide instruction, insight, and alerts to workers as they operate power
tools, connect fasteners, and perform a variety of other tasks requiring concentration and the use of both
hands. Wearable tech can monitor construction workers’ wellbeing as well as their proximity to danger
zones, and augment safety precautions in known hazardous areas or situations.

DEVICES:

Smart glasses: document (camera), access visual projections, real-time scanning, and receive
notifications.

Smartwatches: document (camera), real-time monitoring, safety alarms, and Location-based alerts.

Smart Hard Hats & Vests: measure distances, display architectural drawings, check the work being done
against plans, and monitor workers’ vitals.