EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF GABON

TEA AND GARLIC TEA IN TREATING URINARY TRACT INFECTION

KRISTAL GLENN S. BALIGNOT

JIRAH A. OCAMPO

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

JULY 2024
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF GABON TEA

AND GARLIC TEA IN TREATING URINARY TRACT INFECTION

An

Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to

The Research Committee of the

North Central Mindanao College

Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for RES 2 (Research 2)

Leading to the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology

KRISTAL GLENN S. BALIGNOT

JIRAH A. OCAMPO

JULY 2024
 ABSTRACT

Kristal Glenn S. Balignot and Jirah A. Ocampo EXPLORING THEPOTENTIAL

THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF GABON TEA AND GARLIC TEA IN TREATING
URINARY TRACT INFECTION for the degree of Bachelor in Medical Technology North
Central Mindanao College, Maranding Lala Lanao del Norte.
JULY 2024

Adviser: JAYMART P. VILLARTA, MSC

This study aimed to explore the Potential therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and Garlic tea in
treating Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs). The respondents on this study were twenty (20) residents
of Purok Tugas, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte. the study employed experimental research.

The results revealed that before applying Gabon tea, patients 1–5 had RBC levels of 6–
7, 2–3, 3–4, 4–5, and 5–6, and WBC levels of 5–6, 3–4, 2–3, 3–4, and 6–7, with UTIs ranging
from mild to moderate. Prior to applying garlic tea, patients 6–10 had RBC levels of 6–7, 3–4, 5–
6, 5–6, and 5–6, with UTIs ranging from mild to moderate and moderate to severe. For patients
11–20, before applying Gabon and garlic tea, RBC levels were 2–3, 2–3, 2–3, 4–5, and 2–3. After
consuming Gabon tea, patients 1–5 showed RBC levels of 1–2, 1–2, 1–1, 1–2, and 0–1, and WBC
levels of 0–1, none, 1–2, 1–2, and 1–2, indicating recovery from UTI. Gabon tea has
antimicrobial properties that may combat UTI-causing bacteria like E. coli and potential anti-
inflammatory effects to ease UTI symptoms. After consuming garlic tea, patients 6–10 showed
RBC levels of 1–2, none, 1–2, 1–2, and 1–2, and WBC levels of 0–1, 0–1, 0–2, none, and 1–2,
also indicating recovery from UTI. Garlic tea is known for its antimicrobial properties due to
allicin, which is effective against UTI-causing bacteria. For patients 11–20, after consuming both
Gabon and garlic tea, RBC levels ranged from 0–1, 1–2, 0–1, 1–2, 0–1, 1–2, 1–1, 1–2, 1–2, 0–1,
and 1–2, and WBC levels ranged from 0–1, 0–1, 0–1, 1–1, 0–1, 0–2, 0–1, 0–1, and 0–1, showing
recovery from UTI. Combining Gabon and garlic tea provided antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
and cardiovascular benefits.

Therefore, the incorporating Gabon tea and garlic tea into UTI treatments shows
promising potential for improving patient outcomes and promoting sustainable health practices.
Garlic's antibacterial properties, particularly due to allicin, have been well-documented (Cao et
al., 2014). Similarly, the antimicrobial and diuretic properties of Gabon tea have been supported
by scientific research (Zhang et al., 2019). The combination of these teas could provide a
synergistic effect, enhancing their overall efficacy in preventing and treating UTIs. This approach
aligns with Lee et al. (2014), who emphasized the importance of integrating traditional remedies
with modern healthcare practices.

Key words: Gabon tea, Garlic tea, UTIs, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, E. coli, allicin,
antioxidant, symptoms, urinalysis, synergistic, traditional remedies, healthcare.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Urinary tract infection is a common gynecological disease and a serious

health problem in the world in the 21st century and is caused by the presence and

proliferation of microorganisms in the urinary tract. (Tilak, Singh B. 2014).

Urinary tract infections affect 150 million people worldwide every year, and one-

third of all women experience urinary tract infections in their lifetime.

Sambong, scientifically known as Blumea balsamifera L., stands as a

remarkable medicinal plant within the Compositae family, celebrated for its potent

healing properties. Bearing various local names such as "bukadkad" in Visayas

and "subsob" in Ilocos, this resilient herb grows tall and emits a strong, distinctive

aroma. Its profound importance in the realm of medicine, particularly in the

treatment of diseases, cannot be overstated. One notable advantage of Sambong

lies in its efficacy in addressing urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Bhathena A.S.J.,

Velasquez 2020).

This incredible herb boasts natural antibacterial qualities, helping combat the

bacteria responsible for UTIs while functioning as a diuretic to enhance urine

production, aiding in the expulsion of harmful pathogens from the urinary tract.

Moreover, Sambong's inherent analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties offer

much-needed relief from the discomfort and pain associated with UTIs. Blumea

balsamifera or sambong is a common medicinal plant found throughout the

Philippines. It is common at low and medium altitudes in open fields, grasslands,

and waste areas. It also occurs in China, Hainan, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos,

Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam (Pang Y, Wang 2014).

Stated that beyond its therapeutic benefits. It represents a sustainable and eco-

friendly approach to healthcare. Widely available in numerous regions, this natural

resource reduces the reliance on synthetic drugs and promotes environmentally

conscious practices in the medical field (Chinese Academy of Science 2020).

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a widely recognized culinary ingredient that boasts

significant health benefits, making it a valuable asset in the treatment of various
diseases and conditions. Throughout history, garlic has held a special place in both
traditional and modern medicine due to its multifaceted healing properties. (Colin,
Santana AL, RA 2012).

One of the primary compounds in garlic is allicin, a sulfur-containing

compound known for its pungent odor and taste. Allicin exhibits remarkable
antimicrobial properties and has shown potential in treating various health
conditions, including urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Chan JY, Yuen AC, Chan
RY, (2014).
 Additionally, garlic contains alliin, an amino acid that is converted into allicin
when the garlic is crushed or chopped, further contributing to its health-promoting
qualities. Garlic is also rich in sulfur compounds such as diallyl disulfide and
diallyl trisulfide, which give it its distinct aroma and taste. These sulfur
compounds have demonstrated potential in addressing conditions like cancer and
cardiovascular disease. Garlic's therapeutic potential is often attributed to its
sulfur-containing compound, allicin. Allicin has exhibited strong antibacterial
effects against various infectious bacteria, including those responsible for UTIs,
such as Escherichia coli (Omar SH. 2015). Although garlic can be eaten whole
and raw, supplemental amounts are often sold as extracts and taken as capsules.

The majority of people are probably safe using garlic supplements,

although side effects like heartburn, bad breath, and body odor could occur.
(Kubala, Jillian MS, RD 2023).

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Gabon Tea

and Garlic Tea in controlling urinary tract infections (UTIs) among individuals

aged 18 to 35 in Purok Tugas, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte. UTIs, prevalent

bacterial infections among women aged 18 to 50 pose a significant health concern,

with recurrent infections affecting nearly half of those afflicted within a year.

Given that UTIs occur more frequently in females than males, this research

addresses the potential relevance of Sambong and garlic in managing UTIs. In

addition to its medical significance, this study holds particular importance in rural

areas like Lanao del Norte, where access to advanced medical technology may be

limited.
 This study will be conducted in the second semester of 2023-2024, it

explores alternative treatments and their applicability in resource-constrained

settings, potentially benefiting the health and well-being of the local population.

Theoretical Framework

In this study, the researchers supported theories of ideas on Exploring the

potential therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and Garlic tea in treating Urinary Tract

Infection as an Alternative Medicine for patients that has Urinary tract Infection

The following are the researcher’s theories (Lee, J. et, al 2014), (Shin, J. et, al

2014), (Senthilkumar G. et al, 2015).

Antimicrobial Properties Theory This theory suggests that both Gabon tea

and garlic tea possess antimicrobial properties that could help combat the bacteria

responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Garlic contains allicin, a compound

known for its antibacterial effects. Studies have shown that allicin can inhibit the

growth of various bacteria, including those commonly associated with UTIs, such

as Escherichia coli. Similarly, Gabon tea may contain bioactive compounds with

similar antimicrobial effects. By consuming these teas, individuals may introduce

these antimicrobial agents into their urinary tract, potentially reducing bacterial

growth and promoting the healing of UTIs. (Lee, J. et, al 2014).

Anti-inflammatory Effects Theory UTIs often trigger inflammation in the urinary

tract, leading to discomfort and complications. This theory suggests that Gabon tea

and garlic tea may alleviate symptoms associated with UTIs by exerting anti-

inflammatory effects. Garlic has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory

properties, attributed to compounds like allicin and diallyl sulfide. These

compounds have been shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators,

thereby reducing inflammation. Similarly, Gabon tea may contain components that

possess anti-inflammatory properties. By consuming these teas, individuals may

experience relief from urinary tract inflammation, aiding in the healing process of

UTIs (Shin, J. et, al 2014).

Enhancement of Immune Function Theory The immune system plays a crucial role

in defending the body against urinary tract infections. This theory proposes that

Gabon tea and garlic tea may enhance immune function, thereby supporting the

body's ability to fight off UTIs. Garlic is known to stimulate various components

of the immune system, including the activity of immune cells like macrophages

and lymphocytes. These immune cells play a key role in recognizing and

eliminating pathogens, including bacteria responsible for UTIs. Additionally,

Gabon tea may contain compounds that modulate immune responses, potentially

enhancing the body's defenses against infection. By strengthening the immune

system, these teas could help prevent UTIs or reduce their severity, providing a

natural approach to urinary tract health (Senthilkumar G. et al, 2015).

 Conceptual Framework

The schematic diagram presents the input, process, and output of the study

Exploring the potential therapeutic effects of Gabon tea and Garlic tea in treating

urinary tract infections.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Application of
a. Gabon leaves
Ga b. Garlic cloves
Powderization of c. Gabon and Garlic
gabon leaves and Product
garlic cloves
for Treating
Urinary Tract
Infection

Figure 1. The Schematic Diagram of the study

Objectives of the Study

1. To produce a tea form

a. Gabon

b. Garlic

2. To determine the therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and Garlic tea in treating

Urinary tract Infection.

3. To create a product based on the results of the study.

Scope and Limitation

The focus of this investigation is solely on the scope and limitations of the

study. To treat urinary tract infections in patients, this study intends to ascertain

the Exploring the potential therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and Garlic tea in

treating Urinary Tract Infection The survey will include forty participants who

have had UTIs. In Purok Tugas, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte, and the

patients were to be compared with the results of this study, during the academic

year in 2023–2024.
Significance of the study

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most severe public health

problems affecting both sexes but females are more susceptible due to the

differences in urogenital and reproductive anatomy, physiology, and lifestyle This

study was significantly helpful to the following:

1. Medical Technology Students. To be able to understand more about the

Effectiveness of Gabon (Blumea balsamifera) and Garlic (Allium sativum) for

Patients with Urinary Tract Infections.

2. Parents. To comprehend how they may mentor their kids, particularly about

food and beverage choices, and to be informed about the origins and consequences

of urinary tract infections.

3. Community. Health Improvement: For communities with limited access to

healthcare and antibiotics, such as rural or underserved areas, the use of Gabon tea

and garlic tea can offer an accessible and affordable solution to managing UTIs.

This can lead to improved community health and reduced incidence of untreated

infections.
4. Policy and Education. The findings could influence public health policies and

educational programs by promoting the benefits of natural remedies. Educating

healthcare providers and the public about the therapeutic potential of Gabon tea

and garlic tea can encourage informed decisions regarding UTI management.

5. Future Researchers. The positive results call for further research and

development of Gabon tea and garlic tea products. Future studies could focus on

refining dosages, understanding long-term effects, and developing standardized

formulations to ensure consistency and efficacy.

6. Department of Health. Foster collaboration between the Department of Health,

healthcare professionals, herbalists, researchers, and community stakeholders to

promote dialogue and knowledge exchange on herbal remedies for UTIs.

7. Local Production Support: Encourage the local cultivation and production of

Gabon and garlic for medicinal purposes, potentially boosting local economies and

ensuring a steady supply of quality ingredients

8. Data Collection. Establish a system for monitoring and evaluating the long-term

outcomes of using Gabon tea and garlic tea in UTI treatment across different

regions.

9. Training Programs. Organize training programs and workshops for faculty

members on the latest research and developments in traditional medicine and its

integration into modern healthcare.

10. Professional Development. Support faculty in attending conferences and

seminars on traditional medicine and alternative therapies.

Definition of terms

In order to provide additional context for the terms used in this study, the following

definitions were provided in order to make the problem easier to understand and to

prevent ambiguities that could lead to a variety of interpretations:

Allium sativum. One of the most well-known herbs in the world is garlic (Allium

sativum). This perennial produces edible bulbs made up of several cloves, but it is usually

grown as an annual.

Bacteria. are tiny, unicellular organisms. Nearly every place on Earth has bacteria,

which are essential to the planet's ecosystems. Certain species are able to withstand

extremely high and low temperatures and pressures. There are a lot of bacteria in the

human body—in fact, it's thought that there are more bacterial cells than human cells.

Blumea balsamifera. Known by many names, including Gabon or Sambong DC, is a

popular medicinal herb found throughout Eastern and Southeast Asia. Due to its

numerous health advantages, folk medicine has utilized it to treat kidney stones,

respiratory infections, septic wounds, and stomachaches.

Effect. a result of doing something or experiencing something; an occasion,

circumstance, or state of affairs brought about by a cause.

Exploring.to familiarize oneself with through experimentation or testing.

UTI. Often referred to as UTIs, or urinary tract infections, are frequent infections caused

by bacteria that enter the urethra and infect the urinary tract. These bacteria are typically

from the skin or rectum. While the infections can affect any part of the urinary tract,

bladder infections (cystitis) are the most common type. Another kind of UTI is

pyelonephritis, or kidney infection.

Therapeutic. anything having to do with using therapeutic substances or techniques to

treat illness or disorders.

Treating. to act in a certain manner toward in order to discuss ideas or ask for guidance

in order to solve a problem.

 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

These days, a lot of people use herbal medicines, and sales of them have

increased dramatically worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports

from 2015 state that over 80% of people in developing nations mostly use herbs to

treat illnesses because they are thought to be safer and more effective than

synthetic drugs (Ernst, Thomas H. 2015). Furthermore, according to (Pang Yuan

Y. 2014), medicinal plants have been used as therapeutic substitutes that can be

applied particularly to certain medical conditions. Throughout prehistoric times,

the utilization of herbal medicines has been an essential aspect of all nations. "In

the Philippines, oral tradition carried over knowledge of the use of plants as

medicine from great ancestors. The ongoing support that Filipinos continue to

show for traditional medicine is demonstrated by the widespread presence of

"albularyo," or faith healers, throughout the nation. According to Flores (2016),

herbal medicines can be associated with the dominant culture and ethnicity of a

particular location. Herbal or traditional medicine is defined as the "total of

knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences

indigenous to different cultures that are used to maintain health, as well as to

prevent, diagnose, improve, or treat physical and mental illnesses."

As stated by Yuan Y and Pang. 2014, The Philippines and other countries in

Southeast Asia have been using Blumea balsamifera, commonly known as

sambong, as medicine for thousands of years. The most significant plant in the

genus Blumea, sambang is a native of tropical and subtropical Asia. This plant

grows in river beds, valleys, under forests, and on the edges of forests.

Sambong (Bluema balsamifera) is a medicine used to treat rheumatism, colds,

coughs, diarrhea, and spam. It's also used to treat wound infections, lung

infections, and stomach pain. Sambong is highly popular among people with

kidney problems because of its diuretic qualities (Department of Science and

Technology, Government department, 2024). The leaves of the sambong plant are

used to make the tea known as sambong (Blumea balsamifera). utilized

historically in some cultures as a home cure for a number of illnesses, including

UTIs (urinary tract infections). It can help increase urine output and remove

bacteria from the urinary tract due to its diuretic and antimicrobial qualities. Along

with reducing urinary tract inflammation brought on by UTIs, it can also aid in

preventing the growth of bacteria that cause UTIs. (2023) The Philippine Council

for Health, Department of Science and Technology.

De Leon R. 2016 claims that Drinking Blumea balsamifera tea is thought to help

treat kidney stones in the Philippines. Sambong tea can be prepared by boiling

fresh or dried Sambong leaves in water for a few minutes. strain and, if preferred,

sweetened with honey or other natural sweeteners. According to S. Nera (2014),

Sambong tea has potential health benefits and can be enjoyed either hot or cold. It

is also a refreshing beverage.

The Philippine National Kidney 2018 recommends sambong for people who have

kidney problems. Putting off dialysis and other kidney problems could be

beneficial. The active ingredients in the volatile oil that is extracted from sambong

leaves are camphor and limonene, with trace amounts of borneol, saponin,

sesquiterpene, and tannin. The tea has a strong camphoraceous smell, a pungent

taste, and a woodsy flavor with a hint of menthol (Boy, Henry Ivanz A. 2021).

Hippocrates advocated using garlic to treat fatigue, poor digestion, respiratory

issues, and parasites. The father of medicine, Hippocrates, suggests that garlic be

used to treat urinary tract infections. Garlic is known to have antiviral, antifungal,

anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to its health

benefits. (Zhang Y. et al., 2019; Cao et al., 2014). According to the Pertanika
Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science,2015" Garlic has potential in the

treatment of UTI and possibly other microbial infections."

One plant that has been used for both culinary and medicinal purposes is garlic

(Allium sativum) (Khan, S. 2017). Garlic (Allium sativum L.), a well-known food

and condiment, is used extensively in medicine, although its precise primary

targets in UTIs are still unknown (Chang Z, 2022). Allicin was found to be a

crucial active ingredient in garlic that acts on UTIs after a network pharmacology

analysis was conducted to determine the main active ingredient of garlic and its

molecular target against UTIs.

Originally from Central Asia and Northern Eastern Iran, garlic has been used as a

seasoning for thousands of years by people all over the world. According to the

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science (2019), garlic extract may be a

potent weapon against pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to multiple drugs and

cause urinary tract infections (UTI). Since ancient times, people have used garlic,

or Allium sativum, as a traditional medicine. Garlic preparations have been shown

to be effective against a broad variety of microorganisms, such as viruses, fungi,

bacteria, and protozoa. According to Bayan L. and Koulivand (2014), garlic's main
antimicrobial components are believed to be allicin and other sulfur-containing

compounds.

The health benefits of garlic are primarily attributed to sulfur-containing

components like allicin and S-allyl cysteine. Essential bioactive elements of garlic

include Organo sulfur composites, thiosulfates, and allicin (Ahmed, Javed M.

2021). Garlic is reported to lower the amount of the gastrointestinal illness-causing

cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised mice and reduce inflammation

(Hashemifesharaki, Khubber S. 2020).

In addition to its anticancer properties, garlic inhibits and destroys bacteria,

fungus, and parasites. It also lowers blood pressure, cholesterol, and sugar levels,

preventing blood clotting and protecting the liver. Furthermore, garlic can activate

the lymphatic system, which helps the body evacuate waste (Singh, Singh R.

2019). In females, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common during pregnancy,

perimenopausal and postmenopausal conditions, changes in hormones, the urinary

tract, and the close proximity of the urethra to the anus, which allows bacteria to

easily travel from the anus to the urethra (Fork, Sareh Darvishi 2021).
Pregnancy-related UTIs can increase the risk of complications like low birth

weight and preterm labor, as well as have a substantial negative impact on the

patient's quality of life and morbidity and mortality. Factors like inadequate

sanitation, bad hygiene, etc. (Platte, Raisa O. 2023) Although viruses and fungi are

uncommon etiologic agents, bacteria are the primary cause of UTIs. and mostly

happens when there are no functional or anatomical anomalies related to the

urinary tract infection (Glover, Sheerin NS EK 2019).

In addition, children often contract UTIs, especially if they have not yet undergone

toilet training. and might be greater in kids who have a history of UTIs or urinary

tract anomalies. UTIs are more common in the elderly because aging can alter the

urinary tract. Additionally, whether they have any underlying health issues

(Shaikh N, Morone NE, Bost JE 2019).

UTIs have a substantial impact on a patient's quality of life and are linked to

significant morbidity and mortality. Antibiotic treatment is a useful strategy that

shortens the duration of symptoms. The establishment of a research framework to

determine alternative methods for controlling UTIs is a result of the development

of resistance, the negative effects of antibiotics, and other related issues

(Bahmaan, Khammeneh 2021). Natural methods have been widely used to treat a

wide range of illnesses, both to alleviate symptoms and enhance overall health.
In the Philippines, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health issue, more

common in women than in men. This is because of the close proximity of the

urethra and anus, which can facilitate the transfer of bacteria from the anus to the

urethra. Women who have undergone menopause or engage in sexual activity may

be more susceptible to UTIs. The high frequency of UTIs in the nation can be

attributed to a number of factors, including poor hygiene, inadequate sanitation

facilities, and restricted access to healthcare services (Goodwin, Meredith MD

2023).

Bacteria are the primary cause of UTIs, though viruses and other uncommon

etiologic agents like fungus can also play a role. It primarily happens when there

are no functional or anatomical anomalies related to the urinary tract infection

Sheerin NS, Glover EK (2019). In addition, kids often get urinary tract infections

(UTIs), especially if they haven't had toilet training yet. and might be more

common in kids who have urinary tract anomalies or a history of UTIs. Due to

changes in the urinary tract brought on by aging, UTIs are more common in the

elderly. and if any underlying health issues are present (Shaikh N, Morone NE,

Bost JE 2019).
Insights Learned from the Related Literatures

The proximity of the urethra and anus may facilitate the transfer of bacteria

from the former to the latter. Sambong foliage isn't poisonous. In the Philippines,

urinary tract infections are a common health concern, particularly among women.

They are highly valued for their health benefits, especially in the treatment of

urolithiasis. Sambong leaves have been used for a long time to treat wounds and

infections. It was discovered that a sambong leaf decoction improved mouse

wound healing from fair to excellent. Sambong leaves have potential health

benefits and are edible. Within the onion family, garlic is a plant that is grown for

its flavor and nutritional content. Experts surmise that some of those health

advantages are due to the sulfur compounds it produces.

Related Studies

According to (Mohd M. 2017), more than 80% of the world's population still

depends on medicinal plants as the source of their primary healthcare. Blumea

balsamifera (Sambong) is one of the promising medicinal plants. The originated

from subtropical and tropical Asia. Sambong is an affordable, herbal medicine to

treat urinary tract stones as opposed to more expensive medical or surgical

alternatives
 Sambong with its long history of traditional use and promising medicinal

properties, has gained recognition as a valuable herbal supplement and alternative

medicine. From its ability to support kidney health to its anti-inflammatory and

antimicrobial effects, this plant offers a range of potential health benefits (Chen M.

Studies on the Active Constituents of Blumea balsamifera 2019).

Sambong (Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.) is an ancient oriental medicinal herb,

which grows in the wild in Southeast Asia. In China, Malaysia, Thailand,

Vietnam, and Philippines, it has been used as a medicine to treat skin wounds, and

as incense because it has a high level of essential oils Wang, Pang, Y.X (2014)

According to (Tambunan, Abdillah S.2015) to treat diseases over 80%

of the populations in developing countries mainly rely on herbs, which are

considered to be safer and more effective than synthetic drugs.

According to (Sanchez 2020) In the Philippines, kidney stones are a prevalent

ailment. Sambong has been effectively brought to market in the Philippines, where

it is well-liked by urologists, renal specialists, and primary care doctors. When

treating urinary tract stones, sambong is a less expensive herbal remedy than

costlier medical or surgical options.

According to (Bunag 2015), Sambong should be approached carefully, and

must be used in moderation, to prevent negative side effects like upset stomach or

allergic responses. Before adding sambong to the regular medical regimen, it is

usually advisable to speak with a healthcare provider

 According to (Prashant Dheerendra 2021), Garlic has a wide range of

benefits for kidney patients. Garlic is loaded with nutrients that help the kidney

function better. Also, garlic may be helpful in promoting kidney health because of

its diuretic properties. It signals the kidney to remove any excess toxins and

minerals through urination.

The antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of garlic

make it a nutritionally dense food, especially for kidney patients as it helps in

preventing further damage to the kidneys. It contains a high amount of Vitamin C

that supports the immune system and promotes liver health. It helps produce

glutathione, which plays a key role in the breakdown of nutrients, and the

regulation of biological processes (Boonpeng S. 2014).

There have been recent studies that have supported the health benefits of

raw garlic showing that it truly can kill several kinds of strains of pathogenic

bacteria associated with urinary tract infections. Detox with garlic powder, garlic

oil, or whole garlic in your pasta and grills. Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used

since ancient times for both medicinal and culinary purposes. It contains volatile

oils that are packed with several sulfur-rich compounds that give it a typical

pungent odor (Ghasemi S, Aligholi 2018).

Scientists in India have been investigating the effectiveness of the common

herb, garlic (Allium sativum), in fighting pathogenic bacteria associated with

urinary tract infections. The key ingredient is a substance called allicin. This is the
chemical responsible for the distinctive ‘garlic’ smell. Allicin is thought to be the

defense mechanism of the garlic plant against various pests (Verma, Apoorva

2015).

Garlic is one of the useful aromatic spices. This pungent wonder of nature

is botanically known as Allium sativum L. It is prophylactic as well as therapeutic

medicinal plant. Some of the literature suggests that this medicinal plant was

found in Avesta, a collection of Zoroastrian holy writings that was probably

compiled during the sixth century BC. It has also played an important medicine to

Sumerian and the ancient Egyptians. There is evidence that during the earliest

Olympics in Greece, garlic was fed to the athletes for increasing stamina. The

word garlic is derived from the old English word garleac i.e spear leek. The ‘gar’

means spear (referring to spear shaped leaves) and ‘leac’ means leek. The origin of

garlic dates back from 5000-6000 years. It is a native to central Asia, but it is

difficult to trace the country of its origin (Sethi N, Dilbaghi 2014).

Allium sativum is used against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of

pathogenic bacteria found in human urine in cases of urinary tract infection (UTI).

A total of 16 were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, 56% of clinical isolates

were found to have a high degree of resistance with multiple antibiotic resistance

(MAR) index > 0.5. About 82% of bacterial isolates with MAR index > 0.5 were

found to be susceptible to crude aqueous garlic extract (Journal of Tropical

Agriculture Science 2015).

 Garlic (Allium sativum), a popular food spice and flavoring agent, has also

been used traditionally to treat various ailments especially bacterial infections for

centuries. The principal phytochemicals that exhibit antibacterial activity are oil-

soluble organosulfur compounds that include allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides

(Bagde S.2021). The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of

antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-

quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug

resistant (MDR) strains. The reactive organosulfur compounds form disulfide

bonds with free sulfhydryl groups of enzymes and compromise the integrity of the

bacterial membrane. The (WHO) 2021 has recognized the development of

antibiotic resistance as a global health concern and emphasizes antibiotic

stewardship along with the urgent need to develop novel antibiotics. Multiple

antibacterial effects of organosulfur compounds provide an excellent framework to

develop them into novel antibiotics. The review provides a focused and

comprehensive portrait of the status of garlic and its compounds as antibacterial

agents. In addition, the emerging role of new technologies to harness the potential

of garlic as a novel antibacterial agent is discussed.

Garlic (Allium sativum), mainly the bulb of garlic, has been used as a spice

in cooking worldwide. Health benefits associated with garlic use are attributed to

its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, and antibacterial activity

(Bhatwalkar, SB 2021).
 Emerging multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are burning public health

concerns worldwide. There is an urgent need to explore alternative antimicrobial

agents for effective management of bacterial infections. The present study aims to

evaluate the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Allium sativum against

multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria found in human urine in

cases of urinary tract infection (Kapur, S.and Gupta 2015)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are

caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli,

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and

Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial

resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden

of these infections. In this Review, it was discussed how basic science studies are

elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host–pathogen

interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology

of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new

clinical treatments for UTIs. UTIs are a significant cause of morbidity in infant

boys, older men and females of all ages (Mireles F.2015).

UTI usually solely involves the bladder. Most organisms causing a UTI are

enteric coliforms that typically inhabit the periurethral vaginal introitus. When

these organisms ascend the urethra into the bladder, they invade the bladder

mucosal wall, resulting in an inflammatory reaction called cystitis. Sexual

intercourse is a common cause of a UTI as it promotes the passage and inoculation

of bacteria into the bladder (Khadka, Maharjan G. 2018) Several risk factors are

associated with cystitis, including female gender, a prior UTI, sexual activity,

vaginal infection, diabetes, obesity, and genetic susceptibility Foxman B 2014.

Complicated UTIs are defined as UTIs associated with factors that compromise

the urinary tract or host defense, including urinary obstruction, and urinary

retention caused by neurological diseases. immunosuppression, renal failure, renal

transplantation, pregnancy and the presence of foreign bodies such as calculi,

indwelling catheters, or other drainage devices (Levison ME 2013). In the United

States, 70–80% of complicated UTIs are attributable to indwelling catheters (Lo,

E. 2014), accounting for 1 million cases per year.

According to (Leslie, Stephen W. 2022) The most frequent cause of

subsequent bloodstream infections, catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are linked

to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Long-term catheterization, female

gender, advanced age, and diabetes are risk factors for developing a CAUTI.

Antibiotics are frequently used to treat symptomatic UTIs. The natural vaginal and

gastrointestinal microbiota may be permanently altered by these therapies, and

multidrug-resistant microbes may also arise. The most common bacterial

infections in women are urinary tract infections. Between the ages of 16 and 35 is

when they typically occur, with 10% of women developing an infection each year
and more than 40% to 60% developing an infection at least once in their lifetimes.

Nearly half of patients had a recurrence within a year, which is rather normal. The

presence of WBCs in the urine is detected by urinary tract I Leukocyte esterase

(LE).

The dipstick LE is a secondary test with a 55% specificity for UTIs. WBCs can

be present in the bladder for other reasons, including as inflammatory illnesses,

though LE is good at identifying them in the urine. Females experience infections

at least four times more frequently than males do (Bono, Michael J.2022). In

uncomplicated UTIs, urine cultures are typically not necessary, but they are

advised because of the rise in antibiotic resistance and to assist distinguish

between recurrent and relapsing infections. All men, diabetic and

immunosuppressed patients, women who are pregnant, and people with diabetes

mellitus should have their urine cultured. More than 10 colony forming units

(CFU) per milliliter is the threshold for contaminated urine according to traditional

urine culture instructions. According to recent research, a urinary tract infection

can be diagnosed in a patient who has symptoms and more than 10 CFU/mL. Only

recurrent UTIs can benefit from urine cultures (Bono, Micheal J.2022)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) happen when microbes such as bacteria overcome

the body’s defenses in the urinary system. They can cause discomfort and

urination problems, but medication and home remedies can often resolve them

(Meredith Goodwin, MD, FAAFP 2024).

 Frequent infections are linked to higher absenteeism and doctor visits.

Women who experience recurrent UTIs also have a considerable influence on

quality of life measurements. According to data, nonantimicrobial prophylactic

techniques present a chance to lower both the prevalence of UTIs and the burden

that patients personally bear (McIntosh, James 2024)

In general, ladies are more prone than males to acquire a UTI, with 10% of

females experiencing a UTI on a yearly basis and 40–60% of females experiencing

an infection at least once in their lifetime. Since females' urethras are shorter than

those of males, bacteria can enter the bladder more easily in females (Brusch, John

L MD, FACP 2023).

According to (Medina M, and Castillo-Pino E. 2019) a lifetime prevalence

of 50–60% in adult women, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent

outpatient illnesses. This review serves as an introduction to the epidemiology and

severity of UTIs. UTI prevalence rises with age, and in women over 65, it is

roughly double what it is in the general female population. In this age group, the

etiology varies according to health state, with factors like catheterization

influencing the risk of infection and the microorganisms most likely to be to

blame. Increased sexual activity is a significant risk factor for UTIs in younger

women, and recurrence within 6 months is typical. Despite being less common,

more severe infections like pyelonephritis in the female population as a whole are

associated with a large cost of healthcare due to the possibility of hospitalization.

The most prevalent type of infection acquired in a healthcare setting is a urinary

tract infection (HAUTI). Large-scale international studies show that the types of

infections differ across the community and hospital settings. Ample local data is

essential for infection control because the bacteria that cause HAUTIs differ

depending on area. As a major cause of medical visits in the United States each

year, UTIs place a heavy strain on both society and individuals.

According to research from Europe, frequent infections are linked to higher

absenteeism and doctor visits. Women who experience recurrent UTIs also have a

considerable influence on quality of life measurements. According to data,

nonantimicrobial prophylactic techniques present a chance to lower both the

prevalence of UTIs and the burden that patients personally bear.

(Brusch, John L.2023)

Insights Learned from the Related Studies

Sambong (Blumea balsamifera L.) is an aromatic shrub long used in Philippine

traditional medicine as a treatment for fever, cough, headache, boils, abdominal

pain and gaseous distention. Results of clinical studies conducted by NIRPROMP

show that their sambong formulation effectively reduced the size and number of

kidney stones among urolithiasis patients. Also, the effects induced by sambong

formulation are comparable with the effects induced by potassium citrate

medication. Clinical studies also showed that the sambong formulation effectively

increased the volume of urine excretion among patients experiencing edema. This

diuretic effect of the sambong formulation is also comparable to effects of other

thiazide diuretics but without causing urinary potassium loss. This anti-urolithic

and diuretic drug formulation derived from sambong leaves is included in the

Philippine National Formulary. It provides a clinically-proven effective yet

affordable, safe, and non-invasive alternative to expensive treatments for kidney

stones and edema.

Garlic tea contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that come from

the allicin in the garlic, and the gingerol, chogaol, and zingerone in the ginger.

These help to combat UTI symptoms like pain and burning during urination. This

tea also helps to strengthen the immune system to decrease the duration of a UTI.
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methods that are used in the study. It also

discussed the research design, research environment, respondents and sampling

procedures, research instrument and their validity, data gathering procedures, and

the statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design
 The research design was experimental descriptive design to determine the

Exploring the potential therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and Garlic tea in treating

Urinary Tract Infection. And to treat the patients that have Urinary Tract Infection

as an alternative medicine in which is beneficial to the individual whom in the

situation and to come up all accurate and meaningful results to answer the research

problems. Furthermore, quantitative-experimental research design will rely on

statistical analysis to approve or disapprove a hypothesis This study is participated

by the 40 residents of Purok Tugas, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte.

Research Environment

The Exploring the potential therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and Garlic

tea in treating Urinary Tract Infection as an Alternative Medicine for patients that

has Urinary tract Infection is conducted in Purok Tugas, Maranding, Lala, Lanao

del Norte Region 10 in the Philippines.

 Figure 2: The study site web mapping platform and consumer application

A. The map of Municipality of Lala, Lanao Del Norte School of North

Central Mindanao College.

Respondent of the Study

The 20 respondents aged 18 to 50 years old were chosen from Purok Tugas,

Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte.

Research instrument Used

The materials needed for Sambong Tea and Garlic Tea include Sambong

(Fresh Leaves), Garlic (Fresh cloves), a mesh sieve, a microscope, a dipstick, a

centrifuge tea bag, gloves, water, cups, and a blender.

Procedure

A letter of permission to conduct the study and instruction was given to the

Purok leader and the respondent in preparation for the examination of Sambong

tea and Garlic tea. The respondents were the residents 18 to 35 years old at Purok

Tugas, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte.

Gabon tea procedure

Sambong leaves was picked from the province of Raw–an Lala, Lanao del

Norte. Sambong leaves are obtained by removing the leaves of Sambong. uniform

samples and stored at 4 °C for 7 days before the drying process. A blender was

used to homogenize the mixture of Gabon tea ensuring uniform distribution of

active compounds. After 7 days, the stored gabon were dried by exposing to the

direct sunlight. After drying, the dried Gabon was ground to powder using the

blender, and measure the powder into 0.5 grams using the digital scale. Keep all

the tea bag into a storage jar.

Garlic tea procedure

Bisaya Garlic were purchased from a local market in Maranding,

Lala, Lanao del Norte. Garlic cloves are obtained by removing the coat of the

garlic bulb. Then, uniform samples were peeled and cut manually into slices with

3mm thickness using a knife and stored at 4 °C for 7 days before the drying

process. A blender was used to homogenize the mixture of Garlic tea, ensuring

uniform distribution of active compounds. After 7 days, the stored garlic were

dried by exposing to the direct sunlight. After drying, the dried garlic was ground

to powder using the blender, after that measure the exact amount of 1.0 grams

using digital scale. Keep all the tea bag into a storage jar.

Process of making a Sambong Tea and Garlic Tea (Combination Tea)

Collect fresh Sambong leaves and Garlic cloves as many as possible

wash thoroughly with running water after washing separate the Gabon leaves and

Garlic cloves and let it dry through the sunlight until it become dries. After drying

the dry sambong leaves and garlic cloves was ground to powder using the blender

measure the mix the powder into 1.5 g, 1.8 g using digital scale after measuring

place it in the tea bag. Keep all the tea bag in a storage jar and store in a clean and

dry place.

The measurements of the Sambong tea and Garlic tea are indicated below:
 Table 1
Measurement of the Sambong and Garlic cloves (0.5 gram)
Powdered Grams (g)
TB 1 TB 2 TB 3 TB 4 TB 5
Sambong 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g
Garlic cloves 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g 0.5 g

Table 2
Measurement of the Sambong and Garlic cloves (1 gram)
Powdered Grams (g)
TB 1 TB 2 TB 3 TB 4 TB 5
Sambong 1g 1g 1g 1g 1g
Garlic cloves 1g 1g 1g 1g 1g

Table 3
Measurement of the Sambong and Garlic cloves (1.5 gram)
Powdered Grams (g)
TB 1 TB 2 TB 3 TB 4 TB 5
Sambong& 1.5 g 1.5 g 1.5 g 1.5 g 1.5 g
Garlic cloves
Sambong& 1.5 g 1.5 g 1.5 g 1.5 g 1.5 g
Garlic cloves

Table 4
Measurement of the Sambong and Garlic cloves (1.8 gram)
Powdered Grams (g)
TB 1 TB 2 TB 3 TB 4 TB 5
Sambong& 1. 8 g 1. 8 g 1. 8 g 1. 8 g 1. 8 g
Garlic cloves
Sambong& 1. 8 g 1. 8 g 1. 8 g 1. 8 g 1. 8 g
Garlic cloves

Gathering of Data
 The researchers delivered a letter of consent to be sent out to the Purok

Leader of Purok Tugas, Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte, requesting permission

to conduct a study on Exploring the potential therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and

Garlic tea in treating Urinary Tract Infection among the selected patients have

Urinary Tract Infections of the said place. The instructions were given to the

respondents. As soon as the Purok Leader approves the request, will carry out a

survey.

Tea Consumption and Testing

First, the urine is analyzed to determine which individuals have been diagnosed with

a UTI. Next, sambong tea and garlic tea are prepared by powderizing the sambong and

garlic into specific measurements of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.8 grams, which are then placed

inside tea bags. The tea needs to be consumed twice a day. After five days of

consumption, a urine sample is collected to analyze the results. The sample is placed in a

test tube, and a urine strip is dipped in it to record the results. The sample is then

centrifuged, the urine is decanted, and the remaining sample is placed on a glass slide and

examined under a microscope.

 Tea Consumption per day

Days Powdered AM PM
Day 1 Garlic tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Sambong tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Day 2 Garlic tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Sambong tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Day 3 Garlic tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Sambong tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Day 4 Garlic tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Sambong tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Day 5 Garlic tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM
Sambong tea 8:00 AM 5:00 PM

Ethical Considerations

This document certifies that the study's purpose is to determine the

Exploring the potential therapeutic effect of Gabon tea and Garlic tea in treating

Urinary Tract Infection. Before performing the study, the researchers will obtain

consent from the participants, ensuring that they are aware of the bounds of the

study's confidentiality and that they have the right to reproduce the study's results

if desired. To demonstrate their willingness to cooperate and that they are not

being coerced in any manner, the respondents will sign a consent form. As per the

agreement, if there are any side effects, the researchers will not provide the

responders with therapy or counsel. About their personal information as well as

any other information they choose to contribute, the researchers will protect the

anonymity and confidentiality of the data.

Gabon Tea Procedure

dried by exposing
Removing the leaves
to the direct
of sambong sunlight
Sambong Leaves

Measuring the
Product After drying using
exact amount of
blender to make
grams in Gabon tea powderized
 Garlic Tea Procedure

Removing the coat Uniform the slice

Bisaya Garlic of garlic into 3mm
of garlic

Measuring the
exact amount After drying, the
of grams in dried garlic was
garlic tea ground to powder Dried by exposing to the
using a blender direct sunlight

Product

Gabon Tea and Garlic Tea

 Fresh Sambong leaves and
Wash into running water
Garlic cloves

After drying, Sambong leaves

Let it dry through the Sunlight
and Garlic cloves was ground to
powder using the blender until it become dry

Product
Measuring the mix powder into 1.5
grams and 1.8 grams using digital scale

Figure 3. The Flowchart of Gabon Tea and Garlic Tea Procedure

 CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the data that are shown in the tables. Data were analyzed,
interpreted, and supported by related literature and studies.

Table 1. Before Consumption of the Gabon Tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Product Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

1 Px 1: Female Gabon tea 0.5 g UTI, Mild –
Color: Yellow Moderate
Protein: 15 (0.15)
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g:1.025
Glu: N
Epithelial: plenty
Mucus threads: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 6 – 7
WBC: 5 – 6
Px 2: Female Gabon tea 0.5 g UTI, Mild –
2 Color: Light Yellow
Moderate
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.030
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 2– 3
WBC: 3–4

Px 3 Female Gabon tea 0.5 g UTI, Mild

3 Color: Dark Yellow
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 3–4
WBC: 2– 3
Px 4 Female Gabon tea 0.5 g UTI, Mild –
4 Color: Dark Yellow / Hazy
Moderate
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Amorphous urates: Few
Calcium oxalate: Few
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 4–5
WBC: 3– 4
Px 5 Female Gabon tea 0.5 g UTI, Mild –
5 Color: Dark Yellow
Moderate
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Amorphous urates: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 5–6
WBC: 6–7
 The table 1 shows that in patient 1 has UTI, Mild – Moderate, Patient 2 has UTI,

Mild – Moderate patient 3 has UTI, Mild – Moderate, patient 3 has UTI, Mild, patient 4

has UTI, Mild – Moderate and patient 5 has UTI, Mild – Moderate.

This implies that, for pre-treatment UTI diagnosis, patients typically show common

symptoms such as frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-

smelling urine, and pelvic pain. The severity of these symptoms is then graded as mild,

moderate, or severe based on patient reports and clinical evaluations.

The results of urine analysis laboratory tests may indicate the presence of

microorganisms, increased WBCs, and maybe RBCs (red blood cells). Confirmation of

substantial bacteriuria (typically >10^5 CFU/mL) by positive urine culture. Measuring

Symptom Reduction: A clear assessment of the therapy outcomes is made possible by

using the initial symptom assessment as a reference point for measuring symptom

reduction following treatment (Barber et al. 2016).

Table 2. Before Consumption of the Garlic Tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Product Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

Px 6 Female
6 Color: Dark Yellow
Garlic tea 1.0 g UTI, Mild –
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030 Moderate
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Amorphous urates: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 6–7
WBC: 5–6

Px 7 male
7 Color: Dark Yellow
Garlic tea 1.0 g UTI,
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030 Moderate –
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate Severe
Cast: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 3–4
WBC: 2–3
Px 8 Female
8 Color: Dark Yellow / Hazy
Garlic tea 1.0 g UTI, Mild –
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030 Moderate
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Amorphous urates: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 5 – 6
WBC: 6 – 7

9
Px 9 Female
Color: Dark Yellow
Garlic tea 1.0 g UTI, Mild –
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030 Moderate
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Amorphous urates: Moderate Bacteria:
Moderate
RBC: 5 – 6
WBC: 6 – 7
Px 10 Female
10 Color: Dark Yellow
Garlic tea 1.0 g UTI, Mild –
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030 Moderate
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 5 – 6
WBC: 6 – 7

Table 2 shows the following UTI diagnoses: Patient 6 has a mild to moderate UTI,

Patient 7 has a moderate to severe UTI, and Patients 8, 9, and 10 have mild to moderate

UTIs. Patients experienced a reduction or resolution of symptoms such as pain during

urination, frequency, urgency, and pelvic discomfort. Urine samples showed higher-than-

normal white blood cell counts (pyuria), indicating infection and inflammation, and some
samples also contained red blood cells (hematuria) due to bacterial irritation and damage

in the urinary tract.

It implies that garlic is known for its benefits in preventing urinary tract infections

(UTIs) due to its antibacterial properties. Consuming 1.0 gram of garlic tea may help

reduce the risk of UTIs by inhibiting bacterial growth and supporting urinary tract health.

To guarantee patient safety and maximize therapeutic efficacy, laboratory testing

must be done before to 1.0 ingestion. By tracking any alterations or negative responses,

baseline health measures help to avert possible health hazards. Comprehensive metabolic

panel and allergy tests reveal any underlying issues or weaknesses that may affect how

effective the consumption is. Customized dosage recommendations are guided by an

assessment of liver and kidney function, as well as hormonal balance, to ensure safe and

effective intake. Pre-consumption lab findings are also used as a guide for subsequent

testing, facilitating early problem discovery and maintaining long-term health Roberts, S.

(2019).
Table 3. Before Consumption of the Gabon tea & Garlic tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Product Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

11
Px 11 male
Color: Yellow Gabon tea & 1.5 g Mild, UTI
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
Glu: N
Garlic tea
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Few
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 3–4
WBC:2–3
Px 12 male
12 Color: Light Yellow Gabon tea & 1.5 g UTI
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
Glu: N
Garlic tea
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 3–4
WBC: 2–3
Px 13 male
13 Color: Dark Yellow Gabon tea & 1.5 g Mild, UTI
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.5
S.g.: 1.030
Glu: N
Garlic tea
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 3 – 4
WBC: 2–3
Px 14 Female
14 Color: Dark yellow Gabon tea & 1.5 g UTI, Mild
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.5
S.g.: 1.025
Glu: N
Garlic tea
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 3–4
WBC: 4–5
Px 15 Male
15 Color: Light Yellow Gabon tea & 1.5 g UTI, Mild
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.5
S.g.: 1.025
Glu: N
Garlic tea
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 3–4
WBC: 2–3

The Table 3 shows that the patient 11 has Mild, UTI patient 12 has UTI patient

13 has Mild, UTI patient 14 has Mild, UTI and patient 15 has Mild, UTI. Initial urinalysis

provided critical information on the participants' urinary health. Parameters such as white

blood cell (WBC) count, red blood cell (RBC) count, pH levels, and the presence of

bacteria were recorded.

This implies that seeks to diagnose UTIs by determining whether or not people

have symptoms. Under a microscope, amorphous urates, mucus threads, epithelial cells,
and calcium oxalate are typical signs of a urinary tract infection. This anatomical feature

makes it simpler for some bacteria, like Escherichia coli (E. coli), to move from the

gastrointestinal tract into the urinary tract. Men and women can both get urinary tract

infections, or UTIs, but women are more likely to get them.

The following list of factors includes mild UTIs that can affect people of any

gender. Following recommended preparation and consumption guidelines is crucial.

Overconsumption or improper preparation of herbal teas can lead to adverse effects.

Guidelines provided by health organizations and regulatory bodies offer detailed

instructions on safe usage, maximizing benefits while minimizing risks (Teschke &

Eickhoff, 2015). Herbal products can interact with prescription medications, potentially

leading to adverse effects. A comprehensive review by Izzo et al. (2016) emphasizes the

importance of professional guidance to prevent harmful drug-herb interactions, especially

for individuals with pre-existing conditions or those taking multiple medications.

Table 4. Before Consumption of the Gabon tea & Garlic tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Product Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

Px 16 Female
16 Color: Dark Yellow Gabon 1.8 g Mild, UTI
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
tea &
Glu: N
Epithelial: Plenty Garlic tea
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 5–6
WBC: 6–7
Px 17 Female
17 Color: Dark Yellow Gabon 1.8 g UTI, Mild
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
tea &
Glu: N
Epithelial: Plenty Garlic tea
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Moderate
RBC: 1–3
WBC: 2–4
Px 18 Female
18 Color: Yellow Gabon 1.8 g Mild, UTI
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.030
tea &
Glu: N
Epithelial: Moderate Garlic tea
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–3
WBC: 2–4
Px 19 Male
19 Color: Dark Yellow Gabon 1.8 g UTI, Mild–
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.025
Glu: N
Epithelial: Plenty
tea & Moderate
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: FEW
RBC: 3–4
WBC: 2–3 Garlic tea
Px 20 Female
20 Color: Cloudy Gabon 1.8 g UTI, Mild
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.035
Glu: N
Epithelial: Plenty
tea &
Mucus threads: Moderate
Bacteria: Moderate
Amorphous Urates: Moderate
RBC: 3–4 Garlic tea
WBC: 2–3

Table 4 shows the following UTI diagnoses: Patient 16 has a mild UTI, Patient 17

has a mild UTI, Patient 18 has a mild UTI, Patient 19 has a mild to moderate UTI, and

Patient 20 has a mild UTI. The primary cause of UTIs is the bacterium Escherichia coli

(E. coli). While males can also get UTIs, they are more common in women, especially as

they get older or have underlying medical conditions.

 This implies that the data indicates that 85% of the respondents are women and 15%

are men. UTIs, ranging in severity from mild to moderate, were consistently found in the

samples.

By strengthening the immune system, these teas could help prevent UTIs or reduce

their severity, providing a natural approach to urinary tract health (Senthilkumar G. et al,

2015)

In order to maximize therapeutic efficacy and guarantee safety, laboratory testing

must be done before to 1.8 intake. By monitoring any changes or unfavorable reactions,

baseline health measures help to reduce the chance of health problems. To detect any

underlying problems or inadequacies that can affect the efficiency of the ingestion,

allergy tests and a full metabolic profile are performed. Specific dosage recommendations

are based on evaluations of liver and kidney function, hormonal balance, and other

factors, guaranteeing safe and efficient intake. Long-term health and early problem

diagnosis are ensured by the use of pre-consumption laboratory results as a guide for

subsequent testing Evans, J., & Clark, L. (2016).

Table 5. After Consumption of Gabon tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Product Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

Color: Yellow
1 Protein: 15 (0.15) Gabon 0.5 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.025
tea
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 0–1
Color: Yellow
2 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/− Gabon 0.5 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
tea
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: None
Color: Yellow
3 Protein: 15 (0.15) Gabon 0.5g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
tea
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–1
WBC: 1–2
Color: Yellow/ Clear
4 Protein: 15 (0.15) Gabon 0.5g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
tea
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 1–2
Color: Yellow/ Clear
5 Protein: 15 (0.15) Gabon 0.5 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
tea
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 0–1
WBC: 1–2

Table 5 shows that patients 1-5 have recovered from UTIs. Gabon tea, known

for neutralizing free radicals, prevents cellular damage and promotes overall health. It

offers antioxidant, digestive, anti-inflammatory, and calming effects, enhancing

protection against oxidative stress.

This can manifest as improved skin health, reduced signs of aging, and a lower risk

of chronic diseases. This implies that Integrating Gabon tea into a balanced diet can

contribute to long-term health benefits. Gabon tea can be a valuable addition for those
seeking natural remedies for digestive issues. Gabon tea can be part of a holistic approach

to managing inflammation and related symptoms.

Wang et al. (2014) demonstrated that many herbal teas contain high levels of

antioxidants, which are crucial in neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress.

Mahady (2015) found that several herbal teas, including those similar to Gabon tea, have

compounds that promote digestive health by easing symptoms like indigestion, bloating,

and nausea. Smith et al. (2018) explored the calming effects of various herbal teas, noting

that compounds such as L-theanine and flavonoids can reduce stress and promote

relaxation.
Table 6. After Consumption of Garlic Tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Produc Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

t
Color: Yellow/ Clear
6 Protein: 15 (0.15) Garlic 1.0 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
tea
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 0–1
Color: Yellow/ Clear
7 Protein: 15 (0.15) Garlic 1.0 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
tea
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: None
WBC: 0–1

Color: Light Yellow

8 Protein: 15 (0.15) Garlic 1.0 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
tea
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Few
Cast: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 0–2
Color: Yellow/ Clear
9 Protein: 15 (0.15) Garlic 1.0 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
tea
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–1
WBC: 0–1
Color: Yellow
10 Protein: 15 (0.15) Garlic 1.0 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
tea
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 0–1

Table 6 Patient 6 has recovered from a urinary tract infection (UTI). Garlic Tea

Benefits Patient Status Patients 7, 8, 9, and 10 show no signs of UTI.

Cardiovascular Health Garlic tea helps lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and

enhances heart health. One gram of garlic tea can improve these factors.
 Active Compounds Allicin in garlic dilates blood vessels and improves blood flow.

Regular consumption has been shown to lower blood pressure significantly.

Antimicrobial Properties Garlic’s allicin and sulfur-containing compounds

exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects.

This implies Garlic tea can be a valuable dietary addition, especially

during cold and flu season. Regular consumption supports long-term management

of inflammatory conditions and helps boost antioxidant intake to combat oxidative

stress.

Garlic supplementation significantly decreases blood pressure in hypertensive

persons, both systolic and diastolic, according to a meta-analysis by Ried et al. (2016).

Yeh et al. (2018) discovered that eating garlic had positive impacts on lipid profiles, such

as lowering levels of LDL and total cholesterol. The antibacterial qualities of garlic were

reviewed by Bayan et al. (2014), who linked components such diallyl sulfides and allicin

to these abilities. Patel (2018) analyzed studies that demonstrated the effectiveness of

garlic in treating fungal infections, such as candidiasis. Garlic is a natural treatment for

fungal infections because of its sulfur-containing components, which are thought to have

antifungal effects. Garlic's antioxidant qualities, which help shield cells from oxidative

damage, were covered by Nantz et al. (2016). Garlic improves general health by lowering

oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant enzymes when consumed regularly.

Table 7. After Consumption of Gabon Tea & Garlic Tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Product Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

11
Color: Yellow Gabon tea & 1.5 g NO UTI
Protein: 15 (0.15)
+/ −
PH: 6.0 Garlic tea
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: None
WBC: 0–1
Color: Yellow/ Clear Gabon tea &
12 Protein: 15 (0.15) 1.5 g NO UTI
+/ −
PH: 6.0 Garlic tea
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Amorphous urates: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: None
WBC: 0–1

13
Color: Yellow Gabon tea & 1.5 g NO UTI
Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
PH: 6.0 Garlic tea
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 0–1
WBC: 0–1

Color: Yellow Gabon tea &

14 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
Garlic tea
1.5 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0
S.g: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC :1–2
WBC: 1–1
Yellow /Clear Gabon tea &
15 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
Garlic tea
1.5 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.020
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: None
WBC: 0–1

Table 7 Recovered Patient 11 has recovered from UTI. No UTI Patients 12, 13, 14, and 15

show no signs of UTI. Antibacterial Effects Garlic Tea Contains allicin, which effectively inhibits

the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli), the primary bacteria causing UTIs.

Gabon Tea Contains phytochemicals with strong antibacterial properties against E. coli.
 Anti-Inflammatory Properties Both Teas Demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects,

reducing inflammation in the urinary tract, a common symptom of UTIs, thereby alleviating

discomfort and severity.

This implies that Defining success Establishing what constitutes a successful treatment

outcome based on baseline results.

Monitoring Changes in Laboratory Results Initial urinalysis and urine culture results

provide a quantitative measure of infection, essential for monitoring microbiological cure and

comparing pre- and post-treatment data Wagenlehner et al. (2018). Nickel (2015) emphasizes the

importance of understanding patient history and risk factors in managing UTIs effectively Setting

Expectations for Treatment Outcomes. Grabe et al. (2015) discuss the need for clear

treatment success criteria in clinical studies to ensure consistent and meaningful

evaluations.
Table 8. After Consumption of Gabon Tea & Garlic Tea

Respondents Urinalysis Results Product Microscopic Findings Grams Remarks

Yellow /Clear Gabon tea
16 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ − 1.8 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.020 & Garlic
Glu: N
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few tea
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–1
WBC: 1–2
Yellow /Clear
17 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
Gabon tea 1.8 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0
S.g.: 1.020
Glu: N & Garlic
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few tea
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 0–2
Yellow /Clear
18 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
Gabon tea 1.8 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0 & Garlic
S.g.: 1.020
Glu: N tea
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 0–1

Yellow /Clear
19 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
Gabon tea 1.8 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0 & Garlic
S.g.: 1.020
Glu: N tea
Epithelial: Few
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 0–1
WBC: 0–1
Yellow /Clear
20 Protein: 15 (0.15) +/ −
Gabon tea 1.8 g NO UTI
PH: 6.0 & Garlic
S.g.: 1.020
Glu: N tea
Epithelial: Moderate
Mucus threads: Few
Bacteria: Few
RBC: 1–2
WBC: 0–1
 Table 8 shows that patient 16 recovered from UTI, and patients 17-20 show no

UTI after treatment. Gabon tea and garlic tea can significantly impact health outcomes,

influencing various physiological processes and potentially leading to beneficial effects

and side effects. Understanding these results involves discussing observed benefits,

potential risks, and overall implications for health and wellness associated with both teas.

This implies that Antioxidants Both teas contain antioxidants that neutralize

free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and support cellular health. Synergistic

Effects The combination of 1.8 grams of Gabon tea and garlic tea offers benefits

such as digestive health, antioxidant protection, anti-inflammatory effects, and

cardiovascular support.

According to Mazzulli et al. (2017), baseline data are critical for reliable

statistical analysis in clinical research, which facilitates the development of sound

findings. Bloating, indigestion, and minor stomach discomfort are among the

symptoms that digestive health alleviates. Broader anti-inflammatory effects are

achieved by targeting many inflammatory pathways.

Antimicrobial drugs have the potential to enter the urinary tract and reduce

bacterial growth while also aiding in the healing of UTIs (Lee et al., 2014).
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

Gabon Tea and Garlic Tea for UTI Treatment Gabon Tea Contains

antimicrobial properties that may combat UTI-causing bacteria like E. coli. Has

potential anti-inflammatory effects that could ease UTI symptoms.

Garlic Tea Known for antimicrobial properties due to allicin, effective

against UTI-causing bacteria. Offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits,

which may reduce inflammation and promote healing.

Table 1: Patients exhibited common UTI symptoms (e.g., frequent urination, pain,

and cloudy urine) with varying severity.

Table 2: Symptoms like pain and discomfort showed improvement. Laboratory

tests indicated high white blood cells (pyuria) and red blood cells (hematuria) due

to infection and inflammation.

Table 3: Initial urinalysis confirmed UTI presence with typical signs such as

elevated WBC and RBC counts.

Table 4: Identified primary UTI cause as E. coli, more common in women and

older individuals.

Table 5: Patients 1-5 recovered from UTIs. Gabon tea showed benefits including

antioxidant properties, digestive health improvement, and stress reduction.

Table 6: Patient 6 recovered from UTI. Garlic tea improved cardiovascular health,

reduced blood pressure and cholesterol, and exhibited antibacterial and antifungal

properties.

Table 7: Both teas were effective in reducing bacterial growth and inflammation,

leading to UTI recovery in patients 11-15.

Table 8: Patients 16-20 recovered from UTIs. Combining Gabon and garlic tea

provided antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular benefits.

Both teas demonstrated significant health benefits and effectiveness in treating

UTIs. Further research is needed to validate their clinical efficacy and safety.

Conclusion
 In conclusion, incorporating Gabon tea and garlic tea into UTI treatments

shows promising potential for improving patient outcomes and promoting

sustainable health practices. Garlic's antibacterial properties, particularly due to

allicin, have been well-documented (Cao et al., 2014). Similarly, the antimicrobial

and diuretic properties of Gabon tea have been supported by scientific research

(Zhang et al., 2019).

The combination of these teas could provide a synergistic effect,

enhancing their overall efficacy in preventing and treating UTIs. This approach

aligns with Lee et al. (2014), who emphasized the importance of integrating

traditional remedies with modern healthcare practices.

Further research is needed to fully understand the optimal dosages,

long-term effects, and potential interactions of Gabon tea and garlic tea. However,

the preliminary findings suggest these natural remedies can play a valuable role in

managing UTIs, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Recommendations

1. Medical Technology Students. To be able to understand more about the Effectiveness

of Gabon (Blumea balsamifera) and Garlic (Allium sativum) for Patients with Urinary

Tract Infections.
2. Parents. To comprehend how they may mentor their kids, particularly about food and

beverage choices, and to be informed about the origins and consequences of urinary tract

infections.

3. Community. Health Improvement: For communities with limited access to healthcare

and antibiotics, such as rural or underserved areas, the use of Gabon tea and garlic tea can

offer an accessible and affordable solution to managing UTIs. This can lead to improved

community health and reduced incidence of untreated infections.

4. Policy and Education. The findings could influence public health policies and

educational programs by promoting the benefits of natural remedies. Educating

healthcare providers and the public about the therapeutic potential of Gabon tea and

garlic tea can encourage informed decisions regarding UTI management.

5. Future Researchers. The positive results call for further research and development of

Gabon tea and garlic tea products. Future studies could focus on refining dosages,

understanding long-term effects, and developing standardized formulations to ensure

consistency and efficacy.

6. Department of Health. Foster collaboration between the Department of Health,

healthcare professionals, herbalists, researchers, and community stakeholders to promote

dialogue and knowledge exchange on herbal remedies for UTIs.

7. Local Production Support. Encourage the local cultivation and production of Gabon

and garlic for medicinal purposes, potentially boosting local economies and ensuring a

steady supply of quality ingredients

8. Data Collection. Establish a system for monitoring and evaluating the long-term

outcomes of using Gabon tea and garlic tea in UTI treatment across different regions.

9. Training Programs. Organize training programs and workshops for faculty members on

the latest research and developments in traditional medicine and its integration into

modern healthcare.

10. Professional Development. Support faculty in attending conferences and seminars on

traditional medicine and alternative therapies.

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CURRICULUM VITAE

KRISTAL GLENN S. BALIGNOT

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Address: Purok 6 Raw an Lala Lanao Del Norte

Cellphone No.: 09154560243
E-mail Address: balignotkg4555@gmail.com

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 21
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Height: 5’5
Weight: 41kg
Date of Birth: December 18, 2002
Parents: Cristy S. Balignot & Manuel D. Balignot

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Bachelor in Medical Technology

North Central Mindanao College
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte
June 2024

Senior High School

North Central Mindanao College
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte
2020-2021
 Elementary School
FM Posadas Elementary School
2014-2015

JIRAH A. OCAMPO
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Address: Maranding Lala, Lanao del Norte

Cellphone No.: 09559749476
E-mail Address: jirahocampo50@gmail.com

PERSONAL DATA

Age: 22
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Height: 5’4
Weight: 60 kg
Date of Birth: March 7, 2002
Parents: Jean A. Ocampo & Raul A.Ocampo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Bachelor in Medical Technology

North Central Mindanao College
Maranding, Lala, Lanao del Norte
June 2024

Senior High School

Lala National Highschool
2020-2021

Elementary School
Sultan Naga Dimaporo Memorial Integrated School
Poblacion, Sultan Naga Dimaporo, Lanao del Norte
2014-2015