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15 September 2024 1

Current affairs

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Akash Bhagat
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17 views

15 September 2024 1

Current affairs

Uploaded by

Akash Bhagat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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15 September

2024 INDEX

01 Science and Technology


• Diabetes

02 Prelims Vital
• Pink Bollworm
• Places in news

Practice Questions
01 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Diabetes
In News
The Hindu: Diabetes drug may lower death rate in obese people.
What is Diabetes?
A chronic medical condition where the body is unable to properly regulate blood
sugar (glucose) levels. This happens either because the body doesn't produce
enough insulin (a hormone that regulates glucose) or because the body's cells
don't respond properly to insulin.
Reasons for Diabetes:
Genetic Factors
Obesity and Overweight: Excess body fat, particularly around the
abdomen, makes cells more resistant to insulin.
Physical Inactivity and Unhealthy Diet.
High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol.
Symptoms of Diabetes:
Frequent urination, Increased thirst, Fatigue, Unexplained weight loss.
Types of Diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-
producing cells in the pancreas.
Patients need insulin injections for life.
Type 2 Diabetes: Most common form of diabetes.
The body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't produce enough
insulin.
Often linked to lifestyle factors like diet, obesity, and inactivity
Gestational Diabetes: Develops during pregnancy and usually resolves
after delivery.
Prediabetes: Blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high
enough to be classified as diabetes.
GLP-1 Agonists: Drugs like GLP-1 agonists, originally developed for diabetes,
have shown potential for weight loss.
Semaglutide is a GLP-1 agonist that has been in use for diabetes since 2017 and
is now used in higher doses as a weight-loss drug in Western countries.
HbA1c Test: A blood test that measures average blood sugar levels over the
past 2-3 months.
Treatment:
Healthy Diet: Focus on low-carb, low-sugar foods, high in fiber, vegetables,
lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Oral Medications: Drugs like metformin help control blood sugar by
improving insulin sensitivity or reducing sugar production by the liver.
Regular physical activity improves insulin sensitivity.
02 PRELIMS VITAL
Pink Bollworm
In News
Indian Express: Pink bollworm infestation in haryana caused heavy losses
prompting him to switch to paddy.
What is Pink Bollworm?
A destructive pest that primarily targets cotton crops.
It is a small moth whose larvae are pink in color and are responsible for the
damage to the cotton plant.
Larvae of the pink bollworm burrow into cotton bolls (the fruit of the cotton
plant), where they feed on the seeds and destroy the surrounding fiber (lint).
Spread through air, infected cotton seeds and crop residue left in the field.
Found in most cotton-growing regions of the world, particularly in India,
Pakistan, the USA, and Africa.
Infestation can reduce yields from 12 quintals per acre to as low as 2 quintals
in heavily infested regions.
Genetically modified Bt cotton which is resistant to other pests like the
American bollworm, is not effective against Pink bollworm.
Shifting to Paddy Cultivation: Requires much more water compared to cotton.
Some areas are unsuitable for paddy due to saline groundwater and poor
irrigation, it could aggravate water scarcity & increase carbon emissions.
PLACES IN NEWS
In News
The Hindu: Central Pollution Control Board has informed the National
Green Tribunal that the water quality levels in Ashtamudi lake were not
complying with norms prescribed under Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
Ashtamudi Lake
Second-largest estuarine lake in
Kerala, after Vembanad Lake.
"Ashtamudi" means "eight braids",
referring to lake’s distinctive
octopus-like shape.
A brackish water lake, where
freshwater from rivers mixes with
saltwater from the Arabian Sea.
Fed by Kallada River.
A recognized Ramsar Wetland
(declared in 2002),
Challenges: Pollution, sand mining,
and loss of mangrove forests.

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