2022 Senior Division

Year 11 • Ages 16 and 17

Rules
• Do not open the book until told to do so by your teacher.
The quiz consists of 30 multiple-choice questions to be
answered in one hour.

• Calculators and rough-working paper are permitted.

• Record all your answers on the answer sheet provided.

© RACI 2022 - No part of this paper may be reproduced without permission from the RACI

ORGANISED BY MAJOR PARTNER

 2022 RACI INTERNATIONAL CHEMISTRY QUIZ YEAR 11

DATA

DATA TABLE 1. RELATIVE ATOMIC MASSES (RAMS)

Element H C O

RAM (amu) 1.008 12.01 16.00

DATA TABLE 2. PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

Avogadro constant 6.02 x 1023 mol-1 Molar gas constant 8.31 J mol–1 K–1

DATA TABLE 3. UNITS

Prefixes Unit conversions

d deci 10-1 1 L = 1 dm3

c centi 10-2 1 mL = 1 cm3

m milli 10-3 0 C (ice point) = 273.2 K

DATA TABLE 4. STANDARD CONDITIONS FOR GASES

Ideal gas at Temperature Pressure Molar volume

Standard Laboratory
Conditions (SLC) 25.0 C = 298.2 K 100.0 kPa 24.8 dm3 mol–1

GAS LAWS

1. The equation below states the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of a fixed amount of an ideal gas
sealed in a container, when there is a change in one or more of these conditions.

P1V1 = P2V2
T1 T2
P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures of the gas (measured in same pressure units)
V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes of the gas (measured in same volume units)
T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures of the gas (measured in kelvin)

2. The equation below states the following relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature and the amount of an ideal
gas sealed in a container.

PV = nRT
P = pressure of gas in kilopascals (kPa) V = volume of gas in cubic decimetres (dm3)
n = amount of gas, in moles (mol) R = molar gas constant (see Table 2)
T = temperature of gas in kelvin (K)

pH SCALE
pH is a measure of the acidity of water and aqueous solutions. It is defined by the relationship pH = -log10[H+]
where [H+] = concentration of hydrogen ions in mol dm-3. This relationship can be transformed to [H+] = 10–pH.
The pH scale can be represented as shown below. (10–7 M means 10–7 mol dm-3.)

The pH of a basic solution can be determined using the relationship [H+] [OH–] = 1.0 x 10–14 M2 (at 25.0 C)
Question 1
The elements are listed in the modern periodic table in order of increasing
A. atomic weight B. mass number C. atomic radius D. atomic number

Question 2
According to the Bohr model of the atom, which electronic configuration represents an atom in an excited state?
A. 2, 8, 5, 2 B. 2, 8, 8,1 C. 2,1 D. 2, 8, 18, 2

Question 3

Which statement about hydrogen selenide, H2Se, is INCORRECT?

A. Molecules of H2Se are mostly empty space.

B. The oxidation number of the Se atom in H2Se is -2.
C. The properties of H2Se will be in between those of H2S and H2Te. Figure 1. A space-filling model of H2Se.
D. It is made up of extremely small yellow and white triangular molecules.
(Yellow sphere = Se. White spheres = H)

Question 4
The ammonium ion, NH4+, is classified as a weak Lowry-Brønsted acid. The chloride ion, Cl–, is an extremely weak base.

The pH of 0.1 M NH4Cl solution would be

A. less than 1 B. exactly 1 C. between 1 and 7 D. greater than 7

Question 5

Nickel is a widely used metal. Which statement about solid nickel is CORRECT?
A. It is classified as a main group metal.
B. The third electron shell of its atoms is not fully occupied.
C. It exists as uncharged atoms held together by dispersion forces.
D. It is a shiny silver colour because its atoms continually emit light. Figure 2. A sample of nickel.

Question 6

Copper is present on Earth as two stable isotopes, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1. The isotopes of copper

63Cu 65Cu
Isotope

Relative isotopic mass (amu) 62.93 64.93

Percentage abundance 69.2% 30.8%

Which statement about copper is INCORRECT?

A. The chemical properties of atoms of the 63Cu isotope are identical to those of the 65Cu isotope.
B. The average relative mass of Cu atoms in naturally occurring copper samples would be 63.93 amu.
C. The nuclei of all copper atoms contain 29 protons, but only 69.2 % of the nuclei contain 34 neutrons.
D. Uncharged atoms of both isotopes when in the ground state would have 29 electrons in 4 electron shells.

Question 7

The IUPAC representation of the semi-structural formula of 3-methylbutan-1-ol is

A. CH3CH2CH(CH3)OH B. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2OH
C. CH3CH(CH3)CH(OH)CH3 D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2OH
Question 8

Table 2 lists the properties of four different substances:

tetrachloromethane (CCl4), silicon (Si), sodium (Na), and sodium chloride(NaCl).

Table 2.

Substance Melting point Electrical conductivity Interaction with water at 25 oC

I -23 oC Non-conductor Immiscible with water

II oC Good conductor Floats on and reacts vigorously with water
98
oC
III 1410 Semi-conductor Insoluble in water
oC
IV 801 Non-conductor as S; weak conductor as L Dissolves in water
Key: S = solid, L = liquid

The substances I, II, III and IV are, in order

A. Si, Na, CCl4, NaCl B. Na, NaCl, Si, CCl4

C. CCl4, Na, Si, NaCl D. NaCl, Na, Si, CCl4

Question 9
The percentage by mass of carbon in butanoic acid, C3H7COOH, is

A. 28.6 % B. 40.9 % C. 47.3 % D. 54.5 %

Question 10

Figure 3 shows a model of a certain organic molecule that consists

of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

Based on its structure, which of the following predictions about the

properties of this compound is LEAST LIKELY to be confirmed by
experiment?

A. It would easily decompose.

B. It would be highly soluble in water.
C. It would have a relatively high melting point.
D. It would readily burn, producing CO2 and H2O.
Figure 3. A ball-and-stick model of a certain molecule.

Question 11

Which one of the following samples of pure oxygen gas contains the LARGEST number of oxygen atoms?

A. 8 m3 at 70 kPa and 280 K B. 8 m3 at 80 kPa and 240 K

C. 10 m3 at 20 kPa and 200 K D. 10 m3 at 50 kPa and 250 K

Question 12

When acids are added to a solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, which contains the strong Lowry-Brønsted base OH–,
they react completely if sufficient OH– ions are present, whether they are a strong or weak acid, monoprotic or polyprotic.

Which one of the following solutions will be completely reacted if added to 100.0 cm3 of 0.1000 M NaOH solution?

A. 100.0 cm3 of 0.1000 M H3PO4 solution B. 25.00 cm3 of 0.4000 M CH3COOH solution
C. 200.0 cm3 of 0.0500 M H2SO4 solution D. 75.00 cm3 of 0.3000 M HNO3 solution

Question 13

If 10.0 cm3 of 0.200 M HNO3 solution is diluted to 200.0 cm3 by the addition of pure water, its pH will now be

A. 10–2.02 B. 10–2.00 C. 2.00 D. 2.02

Question 14

How many different alcohols are structural isomers with the molecular formula C4H9OH?

A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

The following information refers to Questions 15 and 16.

The electronegativity of an atom is a measure of its capacity to attract electrons within a covalent bond. The electronegativities of
some common elements are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Electronegativities of some common elements on the Pauling scale

Element H C N O F Cl
Electronegativity 2.20 2.55 3.04 3.44 3.98 3.16

When two atoms of different electronegativity are bonded together by a covalent bond, the shared electrons are drawn towards
the atom with the greater electronegativity.

For example, in the hydrogen fluoride molecule, the shared electrons are drawn towards the fluorine atom. Therefore a slight
negative charge builds up on the fluorine atom and a slight positive charge builds up on the hydrogen atom. The H ⎯ F bond is
described as a polar bond. This is represented below.

+ -
H⎯F Figure 4. A representation of the H – F bond.

The greater the difference in electronegativity between atoms bonded by a covalent bond, the greater is the build-up of charge on
each atom and the more polar the bond.

Question 15

Which of the following lists covalent bonds in order from the least polar to the most polar?

A. O ⎯ F, H ⎯ O, C ⎯ H B. H ⎯ O, C ⎯ H, O ⎯ F
C. H ⎯ O, O ⎯ F, C ⎯ H D. C ⎯ H, O ⎯ F, H ⎯ O

Question 16

Which statement is CORRECT? The F atom has greater electronegativity than the H atom because F atoms

A. can fit one more electron in their outermost occupied shell, while H atoms cannot.
B. are heavier than H atoms, so can more strongly attract extra electrons by gravitational forces.
C. have more protons in their nucleus than H atoms to attract an extra electron towards their outermost occupied shell.
D. will gain a stable noble gas structure if an extra electron is added to their outermost occupied shell, while H atoms will not.

Question 17

When 5.00 cm3 of 1.00 M sodium chloride solution, NaCl, is added to 5.00 cm3 of 0.100 M
silver nitrate solution, AgNO3, a white precipitate of silver chloride, AgCl, is produced.

The balanced equation for this reaction is shown below.

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

M[AgCl] = 143.3 g mol-1

Figure 5. AgCl precipitate.

What mass of AgCl precipitate will have been produced?

A. 0.788 g B. 0.717 g C. 0.0717 g D. 0.358 g

Question 18

The following equation representing the production of phosphine gas, PH 3, from calcium phosphide, Ca3P2, is unbalanced.

aCa3P2(s) + bH2O(l) → cPH3(g) + dCa(OH)2(aq)

The coefficients a, b, c and d of the balanced equation are

A. 1, 6, 2, 3 B. 2, 3, 2, 3 C. 2, 3, 4, 6 D. 1, 3, 2, 3
Question 19
Hexadecane, C16H34, has a melting point of 18.18 C and a boiling point of 286.9 C.

Figure 6. A space-filling model of hexadecane.

Which statement about hexadecane is CORRECT?
A. Its molecules would readily undergo addition reactions.
B. The intermolecular bonding present would consist of quite strong dispersion forces.
C. Its molecules would be highly polar, and it would conduct electricity as both a solid and a liquid.
D. Water molecules would be attracted to it by hydrogen bonding, so it would be very soluble in water.

Question 20

Which statement about ice is CORRECT?

A. The strong covalent bonding within the molecules makes ice hard.

B. Its crystalline structure is due to the highly directional dispersion forces.

C. The water molecules are in fixed positions and are completely motionless.
Figure 7. A representation of three water
molecules present in a sample of ice. D. The most significant intermolecular bonding present is hydrogen bonding.

Questions 21 and 22 refer to the following information.

An experiment was conducted in which 20 cm3 of vinegar was added to some solid
sodium hydrogen carbonate, NaHCO3, commonly known as ‘bicarbonate of soda’ or
‘bicarb soda’. The active ingredient in vinegar is ethanoic acid, CH 3COOH, a weak acid
commonly known as acetic acid.

Some universal indicator was added to the vinegar before it was added to the solid in
the flask. The flask was then quickly sealed with a balloon.

The solid reacted with the vinegar very quickly, creating many bubbles. As they reacted,
the balloon blew up. The bubbling then stopped. As the reaction proceeded, the
Figure 8. When the bubbling stopped. indicator changed colour from red to the yellow-green colour shown in Figure 8, which
indicated the final solution had a pH of approximately 6.5.

The overall equation for the reaction is

CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3(s) → CH3COONa(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Question 21

Assuming that neither reactant was in excess, which statement about this reaction is CORRECT?

A. The final slightly acidic pH of 6.5 could be explained by some CO2 remaining dissolved in the solution.

B. This was an acid-base reaction in which the Lowry-Brønsted base acting was the CH3COO– ion.

C. The electrical conductivity of the solution would not have changed during the reaction.

D. The blown-up balloon would only contain pure CO2 gas.

Question 22

When the bubbling stopped, the balloon was quickly removed and sealed. At that time, the temperature was 20.1 C, and the air
pressure in the room was 101 500 Pa. The volume of the gas in the balloon was 86.3 cm 3.

The amount of gas in the balloon was

A. 0. 00359 mol B. 0.0524 mol C. 0.278 mol D. 3.59 mol

Question 23

A 6.624 g sample of powdered pure anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is weighed out in
a weighing bottle. It is then carefully rinsed into a 250.0 cm3 volumetric flask, using a funnel.

Next 100 cm3 of de-ionised water is added to the flask. The mixture is thoroughly mixed and
all the powder dissolves. The solution is then made up to the 250.0 cm 3 mark and again
thoroughly mixed.

Then a 20.00 cm3 aliquot of the solution is transferred to a conical flask using a pipette.
[M(Na2CO3) = 105.99 g mol-1]

What amount of Na2CO3 was transferred to the conical flask?

Figure 9. A 250.0 cm3 volumetric
flask.
A. 0.1250 mol B. 0.02500 mol C. 0.01250 mol D. 0.005000 mol

Question 24

When propyne, C3H4, is burnt, the equation for the combustion reaction is

C3H4(g) + 4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

In one experiment, a mixture of 40 cm3 of C3H4 and 120 cm3 of oxygen is sparked and a combustion reaction takes place.
Assume that the only products are carbon dioxide and water. All gas volumes are measured at the same temperature and
pressure.

What are the volumes of each of the gases that are still present after the reaction has stopped?

Volume C3H4 Volume O2 Volume CO2 Volume H2O

(cm3) (cm3) (cm3) (cm3)
A. 0 0 120 20
B. 10 0 90 60
C. 0 80 30 20
D. 30 0 30 20

Question 25

At 25 C, the pH of a solution of 0.0500 M magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH) 2, would be

A. 1.00 B. 1.30 C. 12.7 D. 13.0

Question 26

One method of separating and identifying different polymer materials is to make use their different densities. To identify a set of
polymers, very small samples of equal size are placed onto solutions of different density to see if they float or sink. If the polymer
has a density greater than that of the test solution it will sink. If the polymer has a density lower than that of the test solution it will
float.

Table 4 lists typical test solutions for this investigation. Some typical polymer densities are shown in Table 5.

Table 4. Test solutions and their densities

Test solution 1 2 3 4 5 6
Density (g cm-3) 0.79 0.91 0.94 1.00 1.15 1.38

Table 5. Densities of some common polymer materials

Polymer Polyethene terephthalate High density polyethene Low density polyethene Polypropene
(PET) (HDPE) (LDPE) (PP)
Density (g cm-3) 1.38 – 1.40 0.94 – 0.96 0.91 – 0.93 0.89 – 0.91

A certain plastic straw was found to sink in Solutions 1 and 2, partly sink in Solution 3 and float in Solutions 4, 5 and 6.

The straw must have been made from

A. PP B. LDPE C. HDPE D. PET

Question 27
A student performed a set of titrations to determine the unknown concentration of hydrochloric acid solution. The acid was placed
in the burette and titrated against 20.00 cm 3 aliquots of a 0.04883 M sodium carbonate solution, Na 2CO3. She found that it
required a mean titre of 21.57cm3 of HCl to exactly react with the Na2CO3, according to the following equation.

2HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

The concentration of the acid was
A. 0.04528 M B. 0.05266 M C. 0.09055 M D. 0.1053 M

Question 28
The general safety standard for exposure to highly toxic hydrogen sulfide gas, H 2S, in a closed space is a limit of 15 mg/m³.
Hydrogen sulfide is commonly known as rotten egg gas. [M(H2S) = 34.09 g mol-1]

A concentration of 2 ppm (2 parts per million) means 2 g per million cm 3. A concentration of 6 %(w/v) means 6 g per 100 cm 3.

Which one of the following concentrations of H2S would be above this limit?

A. 3.5 x 10–7 mol dm–3 B. 0.016 ppm C. 2.0 x 10–8 g dm–3 D. 1.4 x 10–6 %(w/v)

Questions 29 and 30 refer to the following information.

Some students performed three experiments to see if they could make a battery
from different metals, a lemon and a potato.
Experiment I: They set up the ‘lemon battery’ as shown in Figure 10. First they
pressed a freshly sanded iron nail and a freshly sanded strip of copper into a
lemon. Next they connected each metal to a microammeter by a wire.
Observations: A small electrical current was produced. Electrons were moving
from the iron nail towards the copper strip.
When the metals were removed from the lemon, small bubbles were seen on the
copper strip but not on the iron nail. The iron nail looked shinier.

Experiment II: They repeated Experiment I using a potato instead of a lemon.

Observations: A small electrical current was produced. Electrons were moving
from the iron nail towards the copper strip.
When the metals were removed from the potato, again small bubbles were seen on
the copper strip but not on the iron nail. The iron nail looked even shinier.
Figure 10. A schematic diagram for a ‘lemon battery’. Experiment III: They repeated Experiment I with a freshly sanded strip of zinc
A microammeter detects and measures very small instead of the iron nail.
electrical currents. The direction in which its needle Observations: A bigger current was observed. Electrons were moving from the
moves shows the direction of electron flow in the wires zinc strip towards the copper strip.
that are connected to it. When the metals were removed from the lemon, small bubbles were seen on the
copper strip but not on the zinc strip. The zinc strip looked shinier.

Question 29

Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY explanation of the observations recorded in Experiments I and II?

A. The circuits must have been completed by free electrons travelling inside the lemon or the potato.
B. When the circuit was complete, the iron nail acted as a reducing agent and ‘pushed out’ electrons.
C. Copper metal must have absorbed electrons from the wires and become negatively charged.
D. The lemon and potato were not involved in any chemical reactions that were occurring.

Question 30

From all the observations it can be predicted that:

A. Zinc has a stronger ability to donate (push out) electrons than iron or copper.
B. Zinc and iron can act as reducing agents, but copper can only act as an oxidising agent.
C. If you were to replace the copper strip in Experiment I with a second iron nail, the current would be very large.
D. If you were to place a zinc strip and an iron nail into a lemon, electrons would travel from the iron towards the zinc.

Paper prepared by Jenny Sharwood. Reviewed by Dr Adrian George and Jennifer Willis.
 ORGANISED BY MAJOR PARTNER

Periodic Table of the Elements

1 18
hydrogen helium
1 2

H
1.008 2 Key 13 14 15 16 17
He
4.0026
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be
6.94 9.0122
Symbol atomic weight
B
10.81
C
12.011
N
14.007
O
15.999
F
18.998
Ne
20.180
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg
22.990 24.305 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Al Si
26.982 28.085
P
30.974
S
32.06
Cl Ar
35.45 39.95
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867
V
50.942
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.630 74.922 78.971 79.904 83.798
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr
85.468 87.62
Y
88.906
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
91.224 92.906 95.95 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60
I
126.90
Xe
131.29
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba
132.91 137.33
lanthanoids Hf Ta W Re Os Ir
178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22
Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra actinoids Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71

La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03

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