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Haskell

Chapter 1

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Nguyễn Văn Đoàn
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7 views

Haskell

Chapter 1

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Văn Đoàn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

PROGRAMMING IN HASKELL

Chapter 1 - Introduction

0
What is a Functional Language?

Opinions differ, and it is difficult to give a precise


definition, but generally speaking:

❚ Functional programming is style of programming


in which the basic method of computation is the
application of functions to arguments;

❚ A functional language is one that supports and


encourages the functional style.
1
Example

Summing the integers 1 to 10 in Java:

int total = 0;
for (int i = 1; i £ 10; i++)
total = total + i;

The computation method is variable assignment.

2
Example

Summing the integers 1 to 10 in Haskell:

sum [1..10]

The computation method is function application.

3
Historical Background

1930s:

Alonzo Church develops the lambda calculus,


a simple but powerful theory of functions.

4
Historical Background

1950s:

John McCarthy develops Lisp, the first functional


language, with some influences from the lambda
calculus, but retaining variable assignments.
5
Historical Background

1960s:

Peter Landin develops ISWIM, the first pure


functional language, based strongly on the
lambda calculus, with no assignments.
6
Historical Background

1970s:

John Backus develops FP, a functional


language that emphasizes higher-order
functions and reasoning about programs.
7
Historical Background

1970s:

Robin Milner and others develop ML, the first


modern functional language, which introduced
type inference and polymorphic types.
8
Historical Background

1970s - 1980s:

David Turner develops a number of lazy functional


languages, culminating in the Miranda system.
9
Historical Background

1987:

An international committee starts the development


of Haskell, a standard lazy functional language.
10
Historical Background

1990s:

Phil Wadler and others develop type classes and


monads, two of the main innovations of Haskell.
11
Historical Background

2003:

The committee publishes the Haskell Report,


defining a stable version of the language; an
updated version was published in 2010.
12
Historical Background

2010-date:

Standard distribution, library support, new


language features, development tools, use in
industry, influence on other languages, etc.
13
A Taste of Haskell

f [] = []
f (x:xs) = f ys ++ [x] ++ f zs
where
ys = [a | a ¬ xs, a £ x]
zs = [b | b ¬ xs, b > x]

? 14

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