Global Warming – long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature ( National

Geographic Society, 2002).

Effects of Global Warming:
1. disappearing glaciers, severe droughts, water shortage and wildfires
2. rising sea levels
3. unpredictable weather, extreme heavy downpours
4. extinction of diverse plants and animal species
5. Diseases outbreaks
Solutions to Global Warming:
1. avoid carbon emission. Use a bike when going to a place
2. buy appliances that are eco-friendly and energy efficient

Climate Change – one of the grave issues emerging from worsening global warming. It is
described as the changes in weather patterns, makes weather unpredictable. Also connected
with other catastrophic events such as flash floods.
Causes of climate change ( man-made):
1. burning of fossil fuels
2. deforestation, quarrying, mining
3. usage of fertilizer
4. creating more landfill emissions
5. building more infrastructures and factories

Disaster – several elements; Hazard, risk, and vulnerability.

Hazard- physical impact of the disturbance, either man-made or natural.
Risk – for the people caused by disaster’s hazard
Vulnerability – all involved
H x R + V = Disaster
Disaster Management Cycle – traditional approach to disaster management, wherein
disaster measures are divided into phased sequences of action. Aim to lessen the vulnerability

Comprehensive Risk Management – Process that has the potential to break the cycle
of damage and reconstruction of a community that is subjected to natural hazards. It refers to
the range of policies.
Risk Management Measures :
1. engineering measures
2. land- use planning and management measures
3. control and protection work to modify hazards
4. preparedness planning to anticipate hazards
5. early warnings to predict hazards
6. reconstruction planning after disaster
7. mainstreaming risk management

Disaster Management – is important in dealing with man-made and natural disasters. It

is inevitable.
Natural Hazards – are elements of the physical environment that are harmful to man and
caused by extraneous forces. It is a natural hazard that is characterized by an element of
human involvement.

Hazard Management – process of preparing a plan of action. Is a conducted

independently of plan development.
Pre-event measures :
 Actions during and after the event
 Post-disaster measure
Disaster Mitigation – an accurate and timely prediction of hazardous events.
Natural Hazard Prediction – promotes the development of a system for monitoring
hazards, evacuations, warning systems, and emergency routes.
Two levels of preparedness:
 Public safety information – involves the effort done increase the amount of
information disseminated to public.
 Hazard awareness planning – pertains to the need to have hazard
information and education programs

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation – formulating and implementing long-range

policies and programs to prevent or eliminate disasters. It involves legislation and regulatory
measures.
Four principles of disaster preparedness:
1. Risk must be known by the people/ community
2. Potential hazards must be identified by the authorities
3. Experts must calculate the incidence of hazard occurrences.
4. Secondary risks must be identified

Land-Use Planning ( Risk Zoning ) – maps are useful cos they show earthquake faults.
The Government must conduct a Study of the following:
1. Surveys of mountainside, riverbanks, and coastal areas
2. Rational plans for urban centers
3. Identification of areas for reforestation
4. Building codes

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council and Its
Operating Policies
- It is composed of the following:
1. Department of Health (DOH)
2. Department of Education (DepEd)
3. Department of trade and industry (DTI)
4. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
5. Department of Foreign Affairs ( DFA), so on…

Roles of Government Agencies:

1. DSWD Secretary – relief assistance and social services to calamity victims
2. DOH Secretary – organizes health services during emergencies
3. DOLE Secretary – employment, industrial and civil defense programs, training for disaster
control groups.
4. DepEd Secretary – assistance in public education and campaign
5. DPWH Secretary – repairs damaged public structures
6. AFP Chief of Staff – security in disaster areas; assist in repair of roads, provide modes of
transportation

Waste Management – technique that ensures the functional collection, transportation,

processing, and disposal of waste.
Principles of Waste Management – classified according to hierarchy that determines
their desirability.
Waste Segregation - act of separating waste into dry and wet.
First Aid – immediate treatment given to an injured or ill person. Home care/ self-care.
First Aider – addresses the entire situation involving a patient and the injury/ illness.
Philippine Red Cross ( PRC ) – organization that conducts one-week training for
people
Characteristics of a good First Aider :
1. Observant
2. Resourceful
3. Gentle
4. Tactful
5. Sympathetic
6. Confident
Roles and Responsibilities of A First Aider:
1. Does not perform the functions of a medical physician
2. Must immediately transfer the task of carrying the patient to a qualified physician if
available
3. Must ensure the safety of the bystanders in the area
4. Must assess the condition of the patient
5. Must identify the threats or risk to patient’s life
6. Must call for medical assistance immediately, if necessary
7. Provide immediate care to patient
8. May assist medical personnel
9. Must record the situation and the care he/she has given to patient
General Directions for First Aiders – must not apply what he/she is not taught.
1. Do not panic
2. Ensure safety of the area
3. Check for Vital functions
4. Check for injuries
5. Administer first aid immediately
6. Keep the victim lying down
7. Keep the patient warm
8. Do not give fluids to unconscious or partly conscious patient
9. Do not lift a gasping patient by the belt
10. Reassure the patient
11. Be reluctant to make statements

Basic Life Support – Series of life-saving procedures that are carried out to prolong the life
of a victim.
Chain Survival – refers to the immediate and proper execution of actions that are aimed to
reduce mortality caused by cardiac arrest.

Emergency – sudden onset of medical or surgical severity

Emergency Rescue – immediate transfer of a patient from unsafe location to a safe one.
Indications for emergency rescue:
1. Danger of explosions or fire
2. Risk of toxic gasses
3. Traffic hazards
4. Risk of drowning
5. Danger of electrocution
6. Danger of collapsing walls
Cloth material commonly Used in First Aid:
 1. Dressing – sterilized fabric material used to plaster a wound
2. Bandage – sterilized fabric material that holds the dressing in place
Bandage and Bandaging Techniques – bandage is a piece of cloth used to bind or wrap.
 Shoulder Bandage

The Human Person – is a responsible person, obey law.

Characteristics of a Human Person:
1. Can distinguish right and wrong
2. Has freedom to do or not to do things. Responsible of her actions
3. Possesses an identification
4. Social being and cannot detach from other creatures
5. Is sexual by nature
Biblical Views – God created man and woman in his own image and likeness
Philosophical Views:
1. Conservatism – not entirely positive and non-egalitarian
2. Liberalism – human person is capable of reason out.
3. Socialism – engages in cooperative social activities
4. Fascism – believes that country is what matters most
Classical Views – ancient human person’s views
Sociological Views – people look at social world at the various ways that humans behave
in social way

Hierarchy of needs – guiding principle of a human person .

1. Biological/ basic needs
2. Safety needs
3. Social needs
4. Self-esteem needs
5. Self- actualization

Preamble of the 1987 constitution – introductory and preliminary statement in a

document that explains the documents’ purpose.
Philosophy of values – family closeness, solidarity, politeness, humble, gratitude.
Good citizenship values – promote the common good and concern for the Filipino family
1. Love for God ( pagkamakadiyos )
2. Love for Fellowmen ( pagkamakatao )
3. Love for Country
4. Love for the Environment
Roots of the Filipino Character :
1. The home environment – parents
2. Social environment – feudal structure
3. Culture and Language – developing a likable life
4. History – colonized by spain and US
5. Educational System
6. Religion – optimism to accept hardships of life
7. Economic environment
8. Political environment
9. Mass media
10.Leadership and role models

Nationalism and Patriotism

1. Nationalism- Is the attitude of the members of a nation, national identity, origin,
culture, ethnicity
2. Patriotism – love and devotion to one’s country
Personal Development Plan – a guide that helps to figure out of where he/she is in 5-10
years from now
Components :
1. Your true self
2. Make it personal
3. Know the outcome
4. Harness the power
5. Accept success
6. Life is circular
Human Behavior – capacity to perform mental, physical, emotional, and social activities.
Motivation – internal and external factors that stimulate the desire and energy
Good Leadership – concerned with the qualities demonstrated by a leader
Characteristics of a good leader :
1. Visionary. Vision of a bigger picture
2. Witty. Can analyze situation if it is crucial.
3. Passionate . have focus and concentration
4. Compassionate . empathy and compassion , excellent coaching, not selfish
5. Charismatic . fascinating individuals
6. Communicative . great speaker
7. Persistent. Determined to attain their goals
8. Having integrity . kept their words/promises.
9. Daring . bold, willing to take risks
10.Disciplined . observe self-control
Qualities of a good leader:
1. Has character
2. Charismatic
3. Has commitment
4. Communication
5. Competence
6. Courage

Transformational Leadership – theory of leadership that identifies changes, role model,

has values, personal qualities, approachable. Positive developers.
Four Components of Transformational Leadership:
1. Charisma.
2. Inspirational motivation
3. Intellectual stimulation
4. Individualized consideration

Transactional Leadership – based on powers that makes use of rewards and coercion,
colonization, vote buying.
Leadership Development – necessary for organizations to success
A cycle of leadership controls – framework of transformational leadership
Seven Habits of Highly Effective People :
1. Be proactive – responsible for one’s life
2. Begin with the end in mind – designing a plan or making a decision
3. Prioritize – self-management
4. Think win-win – look at life as a form of cooperation rather than competition
5. Understand first, then be understood – listen and have empathy
6. Synergize – habit and practice of creative cooperation
7. Sharpen the saw – learn years ago become obsolete in the present

Teamwork – collaborative process of working within a group of people

Time Management – encompasses arranging, organizing, scheduling.