The SAPA Project a personality assessment collaboratory

Your Personality Report

(scroll down to see the full report.)
Here's the full report on your personality profile, including your scores on the 27 narrow traits of the SPI-27, your scores on the Big Five traits (the SPI-5), and
your cognition score. Click here for advice about saving your report.

SPI 27 Factor Trait Scores

This figure provides a visual summary of your scores on the factors of the SPI-27. The black line down the middle indicates the average score for each trait.
The colored bars show how much you scored above the average (the colored bar extends out to the right from the mid-line) or below the average (left of the
mid-line). If your score matches the average, you won't see any color.

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The next section gives more detailed descriptions of each trait and some thoughts about the meaning of your scores. By default, we only show the feedback
for your 4 most extreme scores. To see your scores on all of the factors, click the link at the bottom of this box.

Humor
People often rank Humor highly among the traits that they value in a potential romantic partner or friend. Individuals high in humor may be popular as a
result of the mirth they spread around freely. They are likely less restrained in showing that they think something is funny, and more likely to keep a
situation light and enjoyable through either their own jokes or their enthusiastic approval of others' jokes. However, individuals scoring low in humor are not
necessarily dour... in fact, they may even have a very good internal sense of humor that they simply express less openly or express only to those close to
them. Or, they might be more likely to express their humor through writing or art than through verbal laughter or loud jokes.

Your score of 37 on Humor places you higher than 10% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Humor scale indicates that you are significantly less likely to joke around or to laugh openly and frequently. You might have a more serious
outlook on life, which could be due to an awareness of life's harsh realities or the need to bear a lot of responsibility. This doesn't necessarily mean that you
can't enjoy a good joke every now and then. It's simply that you're less likely to guffaw loudly at a bad pun or to get up on a table and dance just to
entertain people.

"When comedy fails, seriousness begins to leak back in."

— Susan Sontag

Emotional Expressiveness
The Emotional Expressiveness factor involves the degree to which an individual is comfortable sharing their feelings, perspectives, and experiences with others.
Emotional expressiveness is related to emotion regulation, though the nature of this relationship can be complicated. Those who are emotionally expressive
tend to be more aware of how they're feeling, and it is generally believed that higher levels of expression are helpful for emotion regulation. It may also be
the case however that excessive emotional expression (or emotional expression that is not well-received by others) can be counter-productive for emotion
regulation. Individuals who are high in Emotional Expressiveness are less inhibited about showing their emotions in front of others, and may be less
concerned with how others perceive them. Individuals low in Emotional Expressiveness typically feel more pressure to keep up an appearance of emotional
stability, and may be more guarded in showing their true feelings.

Your score of 59 on Emotional Expressiveness places you higher than 82% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Emotional Expressiveness scale indicates that you are fairly high in Emotional Expressiveness. Most likely, you readily express your emotions
and personality to others. Other people may find it easy to get to know you because you're generally willing to reveal a lot about yourself. It is probably rare
that you suppress your feelings or try to convey an image of yourself that is false.

"Unexpressed emotions will never die. They are buried alive and will come forth later in uglier ways."
— Sigmund Freud

Conformity
The Conformity factor concerns an individual's self-perception of normalcy, as well as their desire to be seen as an ordinary or average person. The pressure
to conform is strongly connected to group acceptance, and can emanate from many sources, including mainstream media, social institutions, families, and
peers. In many cultures, being "normal" often means that one is more readily accepted and therefore likely able to access shared resources of both tangible
and immaterial nature. An individual high in Conformity may feel these pressures more keenly and have more of a desire to feel and be seen as normal. They
typically have less interest in sticking out or in flaunting their differences. They probably feel more comfortable finding common ground with others and
identifying with the interests of others. Conversely, an individual who is low in Conformity strives to be unique and would hate to be seen as ordinary or
mainstream. They may pride themselves on thinking and acting outside the box.

Your score of 58 on Conformity places you higher than 79% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Conformity scale indicates that you are fairly high in Conformity. Most likely, you are generally comfortable following common standards for
behavior. This may be because you have come to believe that this is often the easiest way to proceed in life, and it is also often helpful in facilitating social
connections. You are probably not commonly found deviating from social norms or rocking the boat, and others may perceive you as relatable and reliable.
That being said, it is also possible that you are not entirely unwilling to set yourself apart from others if the situation calls for it.

"The lamps are different, but the light is the same."

— Rumi

Order
Orderliness is generally valued as an aspect of personality because it is suggestive of tendencies towards organization, predictability, and cleanliness. Like all
traits however, it is not true that more orderly behavior is always better. An excessive desire for order can lead to perfectionistic behaviors and unrealistic
expectations. In extreme cases, the inability to tolerate even small amounts of disorder may be associated with mental health issues. Orderliness scores tend
to be positively correlated with Industry and Perfectionism but are negatively correlated with Sensation-Seeking and Easy-Goingness.

Your score of 42 on Order places you higher than 21% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Order scale indicates that you are somewhat lower in orderliness. While details may be important to you, you're willing to live with a fair
bit of imperfection. You may prefer order and regularity in your work and surroundings but it does not bother you to have things out of place. You likely
recognize that there are many aspects of life that simply cannot be controlled so there's no point in keeping things tidy all the time.

"If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk a sign?"
— Albert Einstein

Click here to SHOW/HIDE the rest of your SPI-27 scores.

Big Five (SPI-5) Scores

All 5 of your Big Five (SPI-5) scores are shown below.

Agreeableness
Features of Agreeableness include compassion, trust, honesty, and politeness but the defining characteristic may well be empathy. It seems that the ability to
recognize others' emotions contributes to all of these underlying traits as well as many other nuances of personality that are often associated with agreeable
people. Agreeableness also reflects individual differences in cooperation and social harmony. While agreeable people are typically more popular than those
low on Agreeableness, it is not popularity that motivates them so much as the desire to avoid (or reduce) conflict in their immediate environment. While this
quality has several obvious benefits, Agreeableness is not necessarily useful in situations that are highly stressful or that frequently involve tough decisions. As
a result, people who feel less need to be agreeable often make excellent scientists, critics, or soldiers.

Your score of 47 on Agreeableness places you higher than 38% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Agreeableness scale indicates that you are somewhat more disagreeable than most others. You may have less concern with others' needs
than with your own. This likely reflects an occasional lack of interest in other people's lives and/or a belief that others should be more resourceful in dealing
with their own problems. It may also be that your compassion is limited to some individuals (perhaps friends and family) without extending to acquaintances
or strangers. You may tend to be somewhat intolerant of others' shortcomings. The most disagreeable individuals place self-interest above getting along with
others. They are generally unconcerned with others' well-being, and therefore are unlikely to extend themselves for other people. Sometimes their skepticism
about others' motives causes them to be suspicious, unfriendly, and uncooperative.

Conscientiousness
By definition, a conscientious individual is guided by an inner sense of what is "right" (this inner sense being known as one's "conscience"). While they may
hold dramatically different opinions about the nature of socially acceptable behavior, conscientious individuals typically have reputations for being meticulous,
thorough, and deliberate. Extreme conscientiousness can lead to unrealistic expectations and perfectionistic behaviors that are ultimately unproductive.
Conscientiousness is most highly associated with Industry and Order, though it is also positively correlated with low impulsivity, authoritarian views, honest
behavior and strong self-control. Most of these traits relate to self-discipline in one way or another, a feature which likely contributes to the similarity between
Conscientiousness and traditional conceptions of "character." While some of the traits within Conscientiousness seem similar enough to be redundant, they
generally have unique relationships with other aspects of behavior. For example, Impulsivity relates to the general tendency to act without thinking while Self-
Control is the ability to resist temptations and cravings.

Your score of 47 on Conscientiousness places you higher than 38% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Conscientiousness scale indicates that you are somewhat laid back; details, order, ambition, and goals are probably not the highest
priorities for you. Although you may prefer regularity or work hard at times, it is likely you are not insistent on perfection. You may sometimes prefer to live
for the moment and do what feels good now, instead of delaying gratification for the sake of longer-term objectives. Your work may also tend to be a little
more careless or disorganized. On the other hand, you are less likely to be a workaholic, and others may see you as easy-going and fun-to-be-with.
Individuals who are more laid back than you can have trouble detecting mistakes or inconsistencies. However, they rarely have unrealistic expectations and
they are less pre-occupied with tasks.

Extraversion
Extraversion is perhaps the most widely recognized feature of human personality. The popularized notion of Extraversion is mainly limited to the idea that
extraverts seek out social interaction while introverts spend more time alone. Personality theorists suggest that the extraversion/introversion dimension is
more accurately framed as a function of stimulation. Individuals who are more sensitive to outside stimuli (introverts) tend to prefer interacting in small
groups. They also engage more often in independent, analytical, and cognitively-demanding activities. Extraverts are less sensitive to external stimuli and, as a
result, seek more of it. They tend to enjoy large gatherings, act more gregariously, and are quick to assert themselves.

Your score of 44 on Extraversion places you higher than 27% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Extraversion scale indicates that you are somewhat introverted. You are probably more reserved and quiet than most others. You may enjoy
solitude and solitary activities a bit more than others, and your socializing may be restricted to a small circle of close friends. While you may occasionally
enjoy large parties and meeting new people, it probably depends on the circumstances and your energy level. You are more likely to allow others to take
charge so that you can avoid the spotlight, which has the advantage of being seen as less threatening by others. You may not be known as having a strong
personality, but most likely you can still be effective at influencing others as long as you have time to gather your thoughts. The occasional avoidance of
social interaction by introverts does not necessarily mean they are shy or depressed; these people simply need less stimulation than those who are more
extraverted. This independence and willingness to be alone can sometimes be mistaken by others as unfriendliness or aloofness. However, many introverts
(especially those who score highly on Agreeableness) are quite pleasant when approached even though they do not actively seek out interaction.

Neuroticism
The trait of Neuroticism is marked by elevated reactivity to stress and the more frequent experience of emotions that most people view as negative or
unpleasant — anxiety, sadness, frustration, fear, and anger. Neurotic individuals view the world as relatively more threatening and dangerous. Historically, use
of the label neuroticism (or neurotic, as an adjective) stemmed from the idea that individuals behave in ways that are more or less affected by neuroses —
nervous disorders. While the term neurosis is now rarely used by health professionals, the term Neuroticism is still used for the personality trait relating to
the persistent tendency to be in a negative mood state. Some people feel that this label is unnecessarily negative, though the truth is that nearly everyone
behaves neurotically from time to time and most neurotic behaviors are within socially acceptable limits. Individuals with low levels of neuroticism are less
likely to become upset by stress and spend relatively less time feeling worried, scared, and angry — but just about everyone experiences these emotions
sometimes. It's no surprise that highly neurotic individuals are at risk for a range of mental health concerns, but more recent research suggests that these
risks also extend to several physical health concerns.

Your score of 53 on Neuroticism places you higher than 62% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Neuroticism scale indicates that you are a little less even tempered than the average person. This suggests that you experience slightly
more emotional swings throughout the day than average and that you react more strongly to stressful events. This doesn't necessarily mean that you
regularly experience negative emotions (fear/worry, sadness, irritability, anger), but you likely experience them more intensely than most people and you are
quicker to react when facing stressful events. But, take heart — others likely view you as a passionate individual. If you are bothered by the experience of
strong emotions, consider learning more about the many healthy ways to manage them.

Openness
Openness is probably the most broadly encompassing factor of personality. In fact, many people are surprised to learn that the two most widely studied
aspects (Intellect and Openness to New Experiences) are highly positively correlated. This positive association can be explained by the fact that both aspects
share the common trait of being willing to engage with new ideas. Openness is also associated with traits such as Creativity, Art Appreciation, Introspection,
(low) Conformity, and Adaptability. Openness is often presented as healthier or more mature by psychologists, who are often themselves very open. However,
open and conventional styles of thinking are useful in different environments. For example, the intellectual style of an open person may be useful for
endeavors that reward novelty, but the more conventional approach of an individual who is low on openness often leads to superior job performance in
occupations that emphasize procedure and compliance.

Your score of 51 on Openness places you higher than 54% of previous participants in this survey.

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Your score on the Openness scale indicates that you are somewhat open to new experiences and intellectual pursuits. You may be comfortable handling quite
a bit of information and you also may enjoy thinking about complicated problems or issues. You likely have some appreciation for the arts. You may also be
more interested by unconventional ideas than most other people. It is also possible that others consider you to be, at times, both creative and perhaps a
little unusual. Generally speaking, open people are intellectually curious, appreciative of art, and sensitive to beauty. Compared to more conventional people,
they tend to think and act in individualistic and non-conforming ways. Another characteristic of the open cognitive style is a tendency to think in symbols and
abstractions far removed from concrete experience, such as mathematical, logical, or geometric thinking; artistic and metaphorical use of language; music
composition or performance; or one of the many visual or performing arts.

Cognition

While there are several competing theories in cognitive ability research, there is also growing consensus that abilities are best organized hierarchically. In other
words, each of the many different components of cognitive ability involve different sets of skills and these components are typically organized according to
similarities among the tasks/skills involved. On the most narrow level, it is often difficult to distinguish between the skills used to accomplish a given task,
but on the broadest level (at the top of the hierarchy), general skill sets are more plainly evident. For example, the skills required for different types of verbal
tasks are more similar than those required for verbal and spatial tasks.

The items given here include several different types and we are actively working to develop more. In order to keep the test short, each participant is only
administered a subset of the question types. Current question types include Letter and Number Series, Matrix Reasoning, Three-Dimensional Rotations, Verbal
Reasoning (which includes general knowledge, logic and arithmetic questions), Figural Analogies, Two-Dimensional Rotations, Compound Remote Associates,
Additions and Subtractions, Propositional Reasoning, and Emotion Recognition.

At this time, we are only giving feedback based on your responses to the Letter and Number Series items, the Three-Dimensional Rotation items, the Matrix
Reasoning items, and the Verbal Reasoning items. This is because we don't yet have a big enough sample to generate representative norms for the other item
types. Your responses have contributed to the development of these norms for future test-takers.

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Based on the 16 responses you gave for the item types with norms (see above), your Cognition score was 61. This means
that your score was higher than 86% of previous participants in this survey. The average score for Cognition is 50. While scores
on these items are positively correlated with commercial IQ measures, we discourage participants from considering their score to
be a proxy for such measures. This "test" differs from most commercial tests in terms of brevity and the fact that it is
administered online without a time limit in an un-proctored setting. It is important to take these factors into account when
comparing your performance against the average. We recognize that many participants would like to know the correct responses
for these cognitive ability items, but we do not currently make this information available in order to maintain the validity of the
questions.

© Developed by David M. Condon as part of the Personality Project.