MARKING SCHEME 2024 -25 Class X Science (086) 1 lA 224 1 2 1B. a-iill), b-(), c- (iv), d— (il) 1 3 JA. CzHsOH 1 Alternate question for VI A. Dilute acid 4 |. Ahas a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7 1 5 C. Displacement reaction 1 6 | C.Xisanon-metal and Y is a metal. 1 7 |B. Cooking of food 1 8 | D. carbon dioxide in human cells 1 9 |B. contraction of left ventricle. 1 10 | D. Longer small intestine. 1 11 |C. Posture and balance. 1 12 _|D. sex is not genetically determined in snails. 1 13 |B. Aray passing through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely. 1 14 |C.Red Violet 1 15 | C. It utilizes 10% of light energy and transfers the rest to the next trophic 1 level. 16 |B. Enrichment of oxygen in the atmosphere. 1 17 | A. Ais true but R is false 1 18 |B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A 1 19 |B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A 1 20 | D. Ais false but Ris true. 124 A. Exothermic Displacement reaction/Redox reaction. (0.5) Heat is evolved or a More reactive element displaces a less reactive element or aluminium reduces iron (I!) oxide to iron (0.5) B. Double displacement / Precipitation reaction (05) As there is an exchange of ions between reactants and products / (Yellow) precipitate (of Lead iodide) is formed (0.5) 22 1 | Structure | Balloon like structures | Tubular structure and present at the terminal present in location | ends of bronchioles in kidneys lungs 2 Function Exchange of gases Filtration of blood to form urine 23 Students to attempt either option A or B. A. Steps of synthesis of glucose in plants: Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll * Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen + Reduction of carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, + Desert plants take up carbon dioxide at night and prepare an intermediate which is acted upon by the energy absorbed by the chlorophyll during the day. (0.5 x4) OR + Salivary amylase — breaks down starch which is a complex molecule to sugar. Pepsin — Helps to digest proteins in stomach Trypsin — It helps in digesting proteins to amino acids. Lipase — Breaking down of emulsified fats to fatty acids and glycerol. (0.5 x4) 24 A. The lens is a convex lens. B. The image is virtual. C. Magnification for lens = =30em _ 9 Hence u = -15 cm For visually impaired students A. concave lens (1) B. correction of myopia and peepholes of doors or any other correct alternative. (1)25 Student to attempt either A or B. A. P=VI () = 230 x 3.5 = 805 W | ez, $0 half the resistance means double the current. Therefore, current in Y = 7.0 A. (1) OR B. For series total resistance is R+2R = 3R (0.5) os Piss (0.5) For parallel total Resistance is =. (0.5) pe 2 = 2a IR a2 Be2 (0.5) For visually impaired students A. The resistance will be lowest/minimum if all the resistors are connected in parallel. The equivalent resistance in parallel combination is given by (05) 1 _1,41,1,1 Req Ry Rs Ry (0.5) Substituting the values, we get rltyaytyt Rav 36°92 (0.5) _ 12464442 24 2 ~ 36 36 3 3 Req = 5 = 15.2 (0.5) OR B. P=VxI (0.5) I =f s 454A (0.5) We will be using fuse B with is rated as 5A. This is because it will be able to sustain the current (4.54 A) passing through it. Whereas fuse A will melt and break the circuit as the current exceeds its rating. (1) 26 Pesticide is non-biodegradable/keep getting accumulated at each trophic level, persist for longer time/ and thus last trophic level has highest concentration/ humans will have the highest concentration of pesticides/leads to bio-magnification. (any 2 points) For visually impaired studentsCabbage/plant-> rabbit-> snake-> owl (Any other relevant food chain) (1) Pesticides are non-biodegradable and persist for long. So when humans consume plants or any animal that consume this plant, the pesticide enters the food chain and keeps getting accumulated at each trophic level, thus the organism in the last trophic level-human being has the highest concentration of pesticide and this is called biological magnification. (1) 27 | A. Aqueous solution of magnesium oxide turns red litmus to blue. Aluminium | 3 oxide is amphoteric and insoluble in water. Thus, it does not change the colour of either blue or red litmus. OR Magnesium oxide reacts with acid only whereas Aluminium oxide reacts with both acids and bases, being amphoteric in nature. () 8. 2Cu,S + 30, (¢) 12 5 2Cu, 068) + 250, (g) 2Cu,0 + Cu,s Heat, 6cu(s) + SO, (+1) For visually impaired students A. Certain metals (like aluminium/ copper) are used for making cooking utensils as they are good conductors of heat and have high melting points. (0.5 + 0.5) B. Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid. This is because HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises the He produced to. water and itself gets reduced to any of the nitrogen oxides (NzO, NO, NOs). But magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) react with very dilute HNOs to evolve He gas. (141) 28 | Students to attempt either A or B. 3 A. (i) X =NaHCOs; Z = NaxCOs (0.5+0.5) (ii) Decomposition reaction (0.5) (iii) Solution A (05) (iv) Increasing order or H+ ions C 9 A. A- Sodium chloride Y - Chlorine gas, Z.- Hydrogen gas, M- Sodium metal, P - Sodium ethanoate & R - Ethyl ethanoate/ester (0.5 X6 =3) ‘Student to attempt either subpart B or C. B. Any activity similar to the given figure (1)’ uring of hyogen ‘ans weth a pop sound nae Test tbe suphurie , Sip bubble filed ‘ne games ath yrogen igure 2.1 Reaction of zine granules with ete sulphurieacid and testing hyelrogen gas by buming OR C. Chior alkali process The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products formed from chlorine and alkali for sodium hydroxide. (1) For visually impaired students A. Ethanoic Acid Ethanol Reaction with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates: No reaction Ethanoic acid reacts with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to give rise to salt, carbon dioxide and water. The slat produced is commonly called Sodium acetate. 2CHsCOOH + NazCO3 ==» 2CHsCOONa + H20 + COz B. Ethene (C2HsOH-~ ---Hot Conc. Sulphuric acid—® CH2=CH2 + H20 C. In combustion reactions oxygen is added hence all combustion reactions are oxidation, whereas in oxidation reactions, energy may or may not be released (along with the products), hence all oxidation reactions are not combustion reactions. 38 Students to attempt either subpart A or A. © Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus and a directional, growth-related movement. * When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called auxin, synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer. © When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses to the shady side of the shoot. * This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot to growlonger on the side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus, plant appears to bend towards light. (0.5 x4=2) OR * Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by showing growth independent movement. © These plants use electrical-chemical means to convey the information from cell to cell. Movement happens at a point different from the point of touch * Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shape. (0.5 x4 =2) C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight is an example of phototropism. (1) i) Although both plants and animals show electrical-chemical means to convey the information from cell to cell but unlike nerve cells in animals there is no specialized tissue in plants for conduction of information. (0.5) ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the specialized proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them. (0.5) For visually impaired students Students to attempt either subpart A or B. A. © Bending of shoots of plants is a response to the stimulus and a directional, growth-related movement. ¢ When growing plants detect sunlight, a hormone called auxin, synthesized at shoot tip helps the cells to grow longer. When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses to the shady side of the shoot. e This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells of the shoot to grow longer on the side of the shoot which is away from the light. Thus, plant appears to bend towards light. (05 x4 =2) OR B. * Leaves of ‘Touch me not’ plant respond to the stimulus by showing growth independent movement. * These plants use electrical-chemical means to convey the information from cell to cell.‘© Movement happens at a point different from the point of touch. Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking, and therefore in changing shape. (0.5 x 4 =2) C. Growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule is an example of chemotropism whereas bending of shoots towards sunlight is an example of phototropism. (1) D. i) Although both plants and animals show electrical-chemical means to convey the information from cell to cell but unlike nerve cells in animals there is no specialized tissue in plants for conduction of information. (0.5) ii) In animal cells, change in shape occurs because of the specialized proteins found in muscle cells; plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them. (0.5) 39 A. Real Image (the final image is formed due to the lens at the eye-piece) (1) B. Concave Mirror (1) Student to attempt either subpart C or D. C. A converging lens is used at the eyepiece to collect the rays from the plane mirror and help the viewer to see a real erect image of the star. 2) OR D. The plane mirror laterally inverts the image formed by the curved mirror and its position helps to direct the rays towards the eye-piece. (2) For visually impaired students A. Convex lens. (1) B. Converging property. The lens can converge parallel rays to one point. (1) Student to attempt either subpart C or D C. To correct hypermetropia, lenses of telescopes, microscopes and slide projectors. (2) oR D. If the object is kept between the optical centre and the focus the image obtained is virtual, rest in all cases the image is real. Spokioeenob