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 JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions

®
MATRIX
1. Let
= M (a ij ), i, j ∈ {1, 2, 3}, be the 3 × 3 matrix such that aij = 1 if j + 1 is divisible by i, otherwise
aij = 0. Then which of the following statements is (are) true ? [JEE(Advanced) 2023]
(A) M is invertible
 a1   a1   − a1 
     
(B) There exists a nonzero column matrix  a 2  such that M  a 2  =  −a 2 
a  a   −a 
 3  3  3
0
(C) The set {X ∈  : MX = 0} ≠ {0}, where 0 =  0 
3

0
 
(D) The matrix (M – 2I) is invertible, where I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix
 a 3 b  
  
2.
= Let R  c 2 d  : a, b,c,d ∈ {0,3,5, 7,11,13,17,19} . Then the number of invertible matrices in R is
 0 5 0  
  
[JEE(Advanced) 2023]
3. Let β be a real number. Consider the matrix
β 0 1 
A =  2 1 −2 
 3 1 −2 
 
7 6 5
If A – (β – 1)A – βA is a singular matrix, then the value of 9β is ______. [JEE(Advanced) 2022]
 5 3 
 2  , then which of the following matrices is equal to M2022 ?
4. If M =  2  [JEE(Advanced) 2022]
− 3 1
− 

 2 2
 3034 3033   3034 −3033 
(A)   (B)  
 −3033 −3032   3033 −3032 
 3033 3032   3032 3031 
(C)   (D)  
 −3032 −3031   −3031 −3030 
5. For any 3 × 3 matrix M, let |M| denote the determinant of M. Let [JEE(Advanced) 2021]
1 2 3  1 0 0  1 3 2 
=E =2 3 4  , P 0 0 1  and F = 8 18 13
   
8 13 18  0 1 0  2 4 3 
If Q is a nonsingular matrix of order 3 × 3, then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE ?
1 0 0 
 2
(A) F = PEP and P = 0 1 0

 
0 0 1 
(B) |EQ + PFQ–1| = |EQ| + |PFQ–1|
(C) ( EF ) > EF
3 2

(D) Sum of the diagonal entries of P–1 EP + F is equal to the sum of diagonal entries of E + P–1FP

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JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions ®
6. For any 3 × 3 matrix M, let |M| denote the determinant of M. Let I be the 3 × 3 identity matrix. Let E and
–1
F be two 3 × 3 matrices such that (I – EF) is invertible. If G = (I – EF) , then which of the following
statements is (are) TRUE ? [JEE(Advanced) 2021]
(A) FE= I − FE FGE (B) ( I − FE ) ( I + FGE ) = I
(C) EFG = GEF (D) ( I − FE )( I − FGE ) =
I
7. Let M be a 3 × 3 invertible matrix with real entries and let I denote the 3 × 3 identity matrix.
–1
If M = adj (adj M), then which of the following statement is/are ALWAYS TRUE ?
[JEE(Advanced) 2020]
2
(A) M = I (B) det M = 1 (C) M = I (D) (adj M)2 = I
8. The trace of a square matrix is defined to be the sum of its diagonal entries. If A is a 2 × 2 matrix such that
3
the trace of A is 3 and the trace of A is –18, then the value of the determinant of A is _____
[JEE(Advanced) 2020]
 sin 4 θ −1 − sin 2 θ  −1
9. Let M =   = αI + β M ,
2 4
1 + cos θ cos θ 
where α = α(θ) and β = β(θ) are real number, and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix. If
α* is the minimum of the set {α(θ) : θ ∈ [0, 2π)} and
β* is the minimum of the set {β(θ) : θ ∈ [0, 2π)},
then the value of α* + β* is [JEE(Advanced) 2019]
37 29 31 17
(A) − (B) − (C) − (D) −
16 16 16 16
0 1 a   −1 1 −1
10. Let M = 1 2 3  and adjM
=  8 −6 2  where a and b are real numbers. Which of the following
 
 3 b 1   −5 3 −1
options is/are correct ? [JEE(Advanced) 2019]
(A) a + b = 3 (B) det(adjM2) = 81
α  1 
–1 –1
(C) (adjM) + adjM = –M (D) If M  β  = 2  , then α – β + γ = 3
 
 γ   3 

1 0 0  1 0 0  0 1 0  0 1 0  0 0 1 
11. Let P1 = I= 0 1 0  , P2 = 0 0 1  , P3 = 1 0 0  , P4 = 0 0 1  , P5 = 1 0 0  ,
       
0 0 1  0 1 0  0 0 1  1 0 0  0 1 0 
0 0 1  6
2 1 3 
P6 = 0 1 0  and X = ∑ PK 1 0 2  PKT
 
k =1
1 0 0   3 2 1 

where PKT denotes the transpose of the matrix PK. Then which of the following options is/are correct?
[JEE(Advanced) 2019]
(A) X – 30I is an invertible matrix (B) The sum of diagonal entries of X is 18
1 1
(C) If X 1 = α 1 , then α = 30x
  (D) X is a symmetric matrix
1 1

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 JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions
®
1 1 1  2 x x 
12. Let x ∈  and let P = 0 2 2  , Q =  0 4 0  and R = PQP–1.
 
0 0 3   x x 6 
Then which of the following options is/are correct? [JEE(Advanced) 2019]
α  0 
(A) For x = 1, there exists a unit vector α i + β j + γk for which R  β  =
ˆ ˆ ˆ 0 
 
 γ  0 
(B) There exists a real number x such that PQ = QP
2 x x 
(C) det R = det  0 4 0  + 8, for all x ∈ 
 x x 5 

1  1 
(D) For x = 0, if R  a  = 6  a  , then a + b = 5
 
 b   b 

 b1 
 
13. Let S be the set of all column matrices  b2  such that b1, b2, b3 ∈  and the system of equations
 b3 

(in real variables)

–x + 2y + 5z = b1
2x – 4y + 3z = b2
x – 2y + 2z = b3
has at least one solution. Then, which of the following system(s) (in real variables) has (have) at least one
 b1 
 
solution of each  b2  ∈ S ? [JEE(Advanced) 2018]
 b3 

(A) x + 2y + 3z = b1, 4y + 5z = b2 and x + 2y + 6z = b3

(B) x + y + 3z = b1, 5x + 2y + 6z = b2 and –2x – y – 3z = b3
(C) –x + 2y – 5z = b1, 2x – 4y + 10z = b2 and x – 2y + 5z = b3
(D) x + 2y + 5z = b1, 2x + 3z = b2 and x + 4y – 5z = b3
14. Let P be a matrix of order 3 × 3 such that all the entries in P are from the set {–1, 0, 1}. Then, the
maximum possible value of the determinant of P is _____ . [JEE(Advanced) 2018]
15. Which of the following is(are) NOT the square of a 3 × 3 matrix with real entries ?
[JEE(Advanced) 2017]
1 0 0   −1 0 0 
(A) 0 1 0  (B)  0 −1 0 
0 0 −1  0 0 −1
1 0 0  1 0 0 
(C) 0 1 0  (D) 0 −1 0 
0 0 1  0 0 −1

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JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions ®
16. For a real number α, if the system
1 α α2  x  1
   
α 1 α   y  =  −1
α2 α 1   z   1 

of linear equations, has infinitely many solutions, then 1 + α + α2 = [JEE(Advanced) 2017]
17. How many 3 × 3 matrices M with entries from {0,1,2} are there, for which the sum of the diagonal entries
of MTM is 5 ? [JEE(Advanced) 2017]
(A) 198 (B) 126
(C) 135 (D) 162
 3 −1 −2 
Let P 2 0 α  , where α ∈ , Suppose Q = [qij] is a matrix such that PQ = kI, where k ∈ ,
18. =
 3 −5 0 

k k2
k ≠ 0 and I is the identity matrix of order 3. If q23 = – and det(Q) = , then- [JEE(Advanced) 2016]
8 2
(A) α = 0, k = 8 (B) 4α – k + 8 = 0
(C) det(Padj(Q)) = 29 (D) det(Qadj(P)) = 2
13

 1 0 0
19. Let P =  4 1 0  and I be the identity matrix of order 3. If Q = [qij] is a matrix such that P50 – Q = I,
16 4 1 

q 31 + q 32
then equals [JEE(Advanced) 2016]
q 21
(A) 52 (B) 103 (C) 201 (D) 205
20. Let X and Y be two arbitrary, 3 × 3, non-zero, skew-symmetric matrices and Z be an arbitrary
3 × 3, non-zero, symmetric matrix. Then which of the following matrices is (are) skew symmetric ?
[JEE(Advanced) 2015]
3 4 4 3 44 44
(A) Y Z – Z Y (B) X + Y
4 3 3 4
(C) X Z – Z X (D) X23 + Y23
21. Let M be a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix with integer entries. Then M is invertible if [JEE(Advanced) 2014]
(A) the first column of M is the transpose of the second row of M
(B) the second row of M is the transpose of the first column of M
(C) M is a diagonal matrix with nonzero entries in the main diagonal
(D) the product of entries in the main diagonal of M is not the square of an integer
22. Let M and N be two 3 × 3 matrices such that MN = NM. Further, if M ≠ N2 and M2 = N4 , then
[JEE(Advanced) 2014]
(A) determinant of (M2 + MN2) is 0
(B) there is a 3 × 3 non-zero matrix U such that (M2 + MN2)U is zero matrix
(C) determinant of (M2 + MN2) ≥ 1
(D) for a 3 × 3 matrix U, if (M2 + MN2) U equals the zero matrix then U is the zero matrix

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 JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions
®
SOLUTIONS Case-II ad = bc ≠ 0
1. Ans. (B, C) either a = d = b = c
 a11 a12 a13  1 1 1  OR a ≠ d, b ≠ d but ad = bc
a
Sol. M =
 1 0 1  7
C1 = 7 ways
=  21 a 22 a 23    7
 a 31 a 32 a 33  0 1 0  C2 × 2 × 2 = 84 ways
Total 91 ways
|M| = –1 + 1 = 0
∴ |R| = 0 in 225 + 91 = 316 ways
⇒ M is singular so non-invertible
|R| ≠ 0 in 84 – 316 = 3780
Option (B) :
3. Ans. (3)
 a1   −a1   1 1 1   a1   −a1 
β 0 1 
M a 2  =  −a  ⇒  1 0 1   a  =
 2 

  2   −a 2 

 
=
Sol. A  2 1 −2  |A| = – 1
 a 3   −a 3  0 1 0   a 3   −a 3 
 3 1 −2 
 
a1 + a 2 + a 3 =−a1 
 ⇒ |A7 – (β – 1)A6 – βA5| = 0
a1 + a 3 = −a 2  ⇒ a1 = 0 and a2 + a3 = 0 ⇒ |A|5 |A2 – (β – 1)A – βI| = 0
a 2 = −a 3 
 ⇒ |A|5 |(A2 – βA) + A –βI| = 0
infinite solutions exists [B] is correct. ⇒ |A|5 |A(A – βI) + I(A – βI)| = 0
Option (D) : |A|5 |(A +I) (A – βI)| = 0
1 1 1  1 0 0   −1 1 1  β +1 0 1 
= 1 0 1  − 2 0 1 0=
M − 2I   

 1 −2 1 
 

A + I = 2

2 −2  ⇒ A + I =−4 , Here
0 1 0  0 0 1   0 1 −2   3 1 −1 

|M – 2I| = 0 ⇒ [D] is wrong |A| ≠ 0 & |A + I| ≠ 0
Option (C) :
0 0 1 
1 1 1   x   0   
A − βI
=  2 1− β −2 
    
MX = 0 ⇒ 1 0 1 y = 0 3
      1 −2 − β 
0 1 0   z  0  1
x+y+z=0 A − βI = 2 − 3 (1 − β ) = 3β − 1 = 0 ⇒ β =
3
x+z=0 9β = 3
y=0 4. Ans. (A)
∴ Infinite solution
5 3
[C] is correct  2
Sol. M= 2 
2. Ans. (3780)  −3 −1 
Sol. Let us calculate when |R| = 0  2 2 
Case-I ad = bc = 0
3 3 
Now ad = 0 2 +1 2 
M= 
⇒ Total – (When none of a & d is 0)  −3 −3 + 1
= 82 – 72 = 15 ways  2 2 
Similarly bc = 0 ⇒ 15 ways 31 1 
M= I + 
∴15 × 15 = 225 ways of ad = bc = 0 2  −1 −1

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 JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions ®
2 –1 –1
1 1 (D) as P = I ⇒ P = P so P FP = PFP
Let A =  
 −1 −1 = PPEPP = E
so E + P–1FP = E + E = 2E
 1 1   1 1  0 0 
=A 2 =     P–1EP + F ⇒ PEP + F = 2PEP
 −1 −1  −1 −1 0 0  Tr(2PEP) = 2Tr(PEP) = 2Tr(EPP) = 2Tr(E)
2022
 3  6. Ans. (A, B, C)
M 2022=  I + A 
 2  Sol. |I – EF| ≠ 0 ; G = (I – EF)–1 ⇒ G–1 = I – EF
= I + 3033A Now, G.G–1 = I = G–1 G
⇒ G (I – EF) = I = (I – EF) G
1 0  1 1
=   + 3033   ⇒ G – GEF = I = G – EFG
0 1   −1 −1
⇒ GEF = EFG [C is Correct]
 3034 3033  (I – FE) (I + FGE) = I + FGE – FE – FEFGE
=  
 −3033 −3032  = I + FGE – FE – F (G – I) E
5. Ans.(A, B, D) = I + FGE – FE – FGE + FE
= I [(B) is Correct]
 1 0 0  1 2 3  1 0 0 
    (So 'D' is Incorrect)
Sol. PEP =  0 0 1  2 3 4  0 0 1 
We have
 0 1 0  8 13 18  0 1 0 
    (I – FE) (I +FGE) = I …..(I)
 1 2 3  1 0 0   1 3 2  Now
     FE(I + FGE)
 8 13 18  0 0 1  =  8 18 13  = FE + FEFGE
 2 3 4  0 1 0   2 4 3 
    
= FE + F(G – I)E
 1 0 0  1 0 0  1 0 0 = FE + FGE – FE
2     
P =0 0 1  0 0 1  0 1 0
= FGE
 0 1 0  0 1 0  0 0 1 ⇒ |FE| |I + FGE| = |FGE|
    
1
(B) EQ + PFQ −1 =EQ + PFQ −1 ⇒ |FE| × = |FGE| (from (1))
I – FE
E = 0 and F = 0 and Q ≠ 0 ⇒ |FE| = |I–FE| |FGE|
P F (option (A) is Correct)
−1
= Q 0 , PFQ
EQ E= = = 0 7. Ans. (B, C, D)
Q
Sol. det (M) ≠ 0
T = EQ + PFQ–1 –1
M = adj(adj M)
2 2 2 2
TQ = EQ + PF = EQ + P EP = EQ + EP M–1 = det(M).M
= E(Q2 + P) M–1M = det(M).M2

(
TQ= E Q 2 + P ⇒ T Q ) I = det(M).M2 …. (i)
5
det(I) = (det(M))
= E Q 2 + P =0 ⇒ T =0 (as |Q| ≠ 0) 1 = det(M) …. (ii)
2
From (i) I=M
(C) ( EF )3 > EF
2

(adj M) = adj (M2) = adj I = I

2

Here 0 > 0 (false)

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 JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions
®
8. Ans. (5) 2 2 sin 2 2θ 1
α(θ) = 1 – 2sin θ cos θ =
1− ≥
Sol. M-I 2 2
4 4 2 2
a b  a 2 + bc ab + bd  Also, β(θ) = –(sin θcos θ + (1+ cos θ) (1+ sin θ))
2
Let A =   A = 2 4 4 2 2 2 2
c d   ac + dc bc + d  = –(sin θcos θ + 1 + cos θ + sin θ + sin θcos θ)

 a 3 + 2abc + bdc a 2 b + abd + b 2 c + bd 2  2 sin 2 2θ  1 

3
A = 2 = – (t + t + 2), t = ∈ 0, 
2 2  4  4
a c + adc + bc + d c abc + 2bcd + d 3 
Given trace(A) = a + d = 3 37
3 3 3 ⇒ β(θ) > −
and trace(A ) = a + d + 3abc + 3bcd = –18 16
⇒ a3 + d3 + 3bc(a + d) = –18 10. Ans. (A, C, D)

⇒ a3 + d3 + 9bc = –18 Sol. (adjM)11 = 2 – 3b = –1 ⇒ b = 1

⇒ (a + d)((a + d)2 – 3ad) + 9bc = –18 Also, (adjM)22 = –3a = –6 ⇒ a = 2

⇒ 3(9 – 3ad) + 9bc = –18 0 1 2

⇒ ad – bc = 5 = determinant of A Now, det M = 1 2 3 = −2
3 1 1
M-II
⇒ det(adjM2) = (detM2)2
a b 
A=   ; ∆ = ad – bc 4
c d  = (detM) = 16

|A – λI| = (a – λ)(d – λ) – bc adjM

Also M −1 =
2 det M
= λ – (a + d)λ + ad – bc
⇒ adjM = –2M–1
= λ2 – 3λ + ∆
–1 −1
⇒ O = A2 – 3A + ∆I ⇒ (adjM) = M
2
⇒ A2 = 3A – ∆I
And, adj(M–1) = (M–1)–1 det(M–1)
3 2
⇒ A = 3A – ∆A
1 −M
= 3(3A – ∆I) – ∆A = = M
det M 2
= (9 – ∆)A – 3∆I Hence, (adjM)–1 + adj(M–1) = –M
a b  1 0  Further, MX = b
= (9 – ∆)   − 3∆  
c d  0 1  –1 −adjM
⇒ X=M b= b
∴ 3
trace A = (9 – ∆)(a + d) – 6∆ 2

⇒ –18 = (9 – ∆)(3) – 6∆  −1 1 −1 1 

−1 
= 8 −6 2  2 
= 27 – 9∆ 2 
 −5 3 −1  3 
⇒ 9∆ = 45 ⇒ ∆ = 5
9. Ans. (B)  −2  1
−1    −1
–1 = 2 =
Sol. Given M = αI + βM 2    
 −2   1 
⇒ M2 – αM – βI = O
⇒ (α, β, γ) = (1, –1, 1)
By putting values of M and M2, we get

7
 JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions ®
11. Ans. (B, C, D) 12. Ans. (C, D)
2 1 3   1 
  Sol. det(R) = det(PQP–1) = (det P)(detQ)  
Sol. Let Q = 1 0 2
   det P 
 3 2 1  = det Q
2
6 = 48 – 4x
X = ∑ Pk QP ( T
K ) Option (A) :
k =1

6 for x = 1 det (R) = 44 ≠ 0

( )
T
=XT ∑=
Pk QPKT X
k =1 α  0 
X is symmetric    
∴ for equation R β =0
   
1  γ  0 
 
Let R = 1
  We will have trivial solution
1
α=β=γ=0
6
Option (B) :
XR = ∑ PK QPKT R . [ PKTR = R]
k =1 PQ = QP
–1
 6
6
 PQP = Q
= ∑= PK QR.  ∑ PK  QR
= K 1= K 1  R=Q
No value of x.
2 2 2 
6
6 
=∑ PK =2 2 2  QR 3 
 
Option (C) :
K =1
2 2 2  6  2 x x 
det  0 4 0  + 8
2 2 2  6  30 
 x x 5 
⇒ XR = 2 2 2  3  = 30  = 30R
 
2 2 2  6  30  = (40 – 4x2) + 8 = 48 – 4x2 = det R ∀ x ∈ R

⇒ α = 30. Option (D):

 6
 2 1 2 / 3
Trace X = Trace  ∑
 K =1
PK QPKT 

R = 0 4 4 / 3
6
0 0 6 
= ∑ Trace=
PK QPKT (
( Trace Q ) 18
6= ) 1 
K =1

1 1 ( R − 6I ) a  = O

X 1 = 30 1
   b 
1 1 2b
⇒ −4 + a + =0
3
1
⇒ ( X − 30I ) 1 =O ⇒ X − 30I =0 −2a +
4b
0
=
1 3
⇒a 2 =
= b 3
⇒ X − 30I is non-invertible
a+b=5

8

 JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions
®
13. Ans. (A, D) 15. Ans. (A, B)
Sol. We find D = 0 & since no pair of planes are 16. Ans. (1)
2 3 2 2 2
parallel, so there are infinite number of Sol. ∆= 0 ⇒ 1(1 – α ) – α(α – α )+α (α – α )= 0
(1 – α2) – α2 + α4 = 0
solutions.
(α2 – 1)2 = 0 ⇒ α = ±1
Let αP1 + λP2 = P3
but at α = 1 No solution so rejected
⇒ P1 + 7P2 = 13P3 at α = –1 all three equation become
⇒ b1 + 7b2 = 13b3 x – y + z = 1 (coincident planes)
∴ 1 + α + α2 = 1
(A) D ≠ 0 ⇒ unique solution for any b1, b2, b3
17. Ans. (A)
(B) D = 0 but P1 + 7P2 ≠ 13P3
a b c
(C) As planes are parallel and there exist Sol. Let M = d e ƒ
infinite ordered triplet for which they will g h i
be non coincident although satisfying T 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
∴ tr(M M)=a + b + c + d + c + ƒ + g + h + i
b1 + 7b2 = 13b3. = 5, where entries are {0,1,2}
∴ rejected. Only two cases are possible.
(I) five entries 1 and other four zero
(D) D ≠ 0 9
∴ C5 × 1
14. Ans. (4) (II) One entry is 2, one entry is 1 and others are 0.
9
a1 a2 a3 ∴ C2 × 2!
Sol. ∆ = b1 b2 b3 Total = 126 + 72 = 198
18. Ans. (B, C)
c1 c2 c3
Sol. PQ = kI
= ( a1 b2 c3 + a 2 b3c1 + a 3 b1c 2 ) – ( a 3 b2 c1 + a 2 b1c3 + a1 b3c 2 ) |P|.|Q| = k
3
 
x y ⇒ |P| =2k ≠ 0 ⇒ P is an invertible matrix
Now if x ≤ 3 and y ≥ –3  PQ = kI
the ∆ can be maximum 6 ∴ Q = kP–1I
But it is not possible adj.P
∴ Q=
2
as x = 3 ⇒ each term of x = 1
k
and y = 3 ⇒ each term of y = –1  q23 = −
8
3 3
− ( 3α + 4 ) k
⇒ ∏ a i bici = 1 and ∏ a i b i ci = –1 ∴
2
=−
8
⇒k=4
i =1 i =1

which is contradiction ∴ |P| = 2k ⇒ k = 10 + 6α ...(i)

Put value of k in (i).. we get α = –1
so now next possibility is 4
∴ 4α – k + 8 = 0
which is obtained as 2
 k2 
1 1 1 & det (P(adj.Q)) = |P| |adj.Q| = 2k.  
 2 
−1 11 = 1(1 + 1) − 1(−1 − 1) + 1(1 − 1) = 4
k5
1 −1 1 = = 29
2

9
JEE Advanced Mathematics 10 Years Topicwise Questions with Solutions ®
19. Ans. (B) 21. Ans. (C, D)

 1 0 0  1 0 0 a b
Sol. Let M =  
 
Sol. P = 4 1 0 ⇒ P =
2  8 1 0  b c 
  
16 4 1  16 + 32 8 1  a   b 
(A) Given that   =   ⇒ a = b = c = α(let)
 b  c 
 1 0 0
 α α 
so, P =
3
 12 1 0  ⇒ M=α α  ⇒ M =⇒
0 Non-invertible
 
16 + 32 + 48 12 1 
(B) Given that [b c] = [a b] ⇒ a = b = c = α(let)
(from the symmetry)
again |M| = 0 ⇒ Non-invertible
  a 0 
 1 0 0 (C) As given M =   ⇒ |M| = ac ≠ 0
50   0 c 
P =  200 1 0
16.50.51  ( a & c are non zero)
 200 1 
 2  ⇒ M is invertible
50 16.50.51 a b
As, P – Q = I ⇒ q31 = (D) M =  2
 ⇒ M = ac − b ≠ 0
2  b c 
q32 = 200 and q21 = 200  ac is not equal to square of an integer

q 31 + q 32 16.50.51 ∴ M is invertible
∴ = +1
q 21 2.200 22. Ans. (A, B)
= 102 + 1 = 103 Sol. (A) (M – N2) (M + N2) = O ...(1)
20. Ans. (C, D) (∴ MN2 = N2M)
T T T
Sol. x = – x, y = –y, z = z ⇒ |M – N2| |M + N2| = 0

3 4 4 3 Case I : If |M + N2| = 0
(A) Let P = y z – z y
T 3 4 T 4 3 T
∴ |M2 + MN2| = 0
P = (y z ) – (z y )
Case II : If |M + N2| ≠ 0 ⇒ M + N2 is invertible
4 3 3 4
= –z y + y z = P ⇒ symmetric
from (1)
44 44
(B) Let P = x + y (M – N2)(M + N2)(M + N2)–1 = O
T 44 T 44 T
P = (X ) + (y ) = P ⇒ symmetric ⇒ M – N2= O which is wrong

(C)
4 3 3 4
Let P = x z – z x (B) (M + N2)(M – N2) = O

T 3 T 4 T 4 T 3 T pre-multiply by M
P = (z ) (x ) – (x ) (z )
⇒ (M2 + MN2)(M – N2) = O ...(2)
= z3x4 – x4z3 = – P ⇒ skew symmetric
Let M – N2 = U
23 23
(D) Let P = x + y ⇒ from equation (2) there exist same non zero 'U'
PT = –x23 – y23 = –P ⇒ skew symmetric 2 2
(M + MN )U = O

10