DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT
Def: An Improvement I peoples’ quality of life, standard of living and efficient

use of resources
Developed countries: countries that are economically, culturally and socially

advanced. They are characterized by diverse economic activities
Developing countries: countries that have relatively low standards of living as

resources are not yet utilized effectively and equitably distributed. Such
countries are in the process of becoming developed, and their economies are
mainly based on primary activities or functions. Such countries are
characterized by:
- High levels of poverty
- Weak rudimentary education, health , and transport systems
- Mainly import or by manufactured goods
- Rely on aid from developed countries
- Negative impact from natural disasters
Industrialized countries: countries that have experienced rapid growth in their

economies due to a switch from agriculture to large scale industrialization.
Mixed Economies
INDICATORSOF DEVELOPMENT
- Economic (dev linked to a county’s wealth) – measured in terms of
GDP, Per Capita GDP or GNP
- Social indicators – quality of life
- Demographic indicators – information about the population
characteristics of the country.
SPATIAL DIFFERENCES IN DEVELOPMENT –
Local areas ( development within a small area).
Regional (development that exists between areas of the same country, like
provincial differences in South Africa).
Global development – development between countries in different part parts
of the world.
FACTORS THAT AFFECT OR INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT

Factors that affect development
Development is a process and the factors that affect it are like the pieces of a puzzle.
Individual puzzle pieces connect to each other and contribute to the final product. A
country’s development picture is determined by how well the different pieces fit
together.
The factors which affect development include:

 Access to resources:
When resources occur in abundance in an area, development is usually
greater than in areas which lack these components.
 Energy: The source of energy as well as the amount consumed per capital is
a good indicator of development. Many people in LEDCs (LESS
ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES) rely on wood as a source of
heat, for cooking and sterilising water. They make use of human and animal
labour in the fields as well as a means of transport. People in MEDCs (MORE
ECONOMICALLY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES) use fossil fuels to meet their
basic needs.
 History: Factors such as colonisation, migration and wars affect levels of

development. Former colonies are generally less developed than the
countries that colonised them. Mass migration such as that caused by
slavery, famine or a “gold rush” affects the human resource balance between
and within countries.
 Trade imbalances: The number of trading partners and the items traded has
a direct impact on development. More trading partners allow for greater
choice and finished products fetch higher prices than raw materials. More
developed countries generally earn more from their exports than they spend
on their imports.
 Population growth and an increase in dependency: When the growth rate
of a population outstrips its ability to feed, house and employ itself, levels of
development will decrease. e.g South Africa is a young population –
incease of needs
 Education and training: Access to education and training will determine

whether a country is referred to as traditional or modern. Without adequate
education, the labour force cannot shift from being engaged mainly in
agriculture to focusing on industry and services. Levels of education influence
innovation, the appropriate use of existing technology as well as the creation
of new technology.
 Natural resource limitations: An abundance of raw materials usually leads

to large-scale development. However, this development- may only last until
the resource becomes depleted. Lack of natural resources often prevents
development.
 Environmental degradation: In many parts of the world, the population

relies on natural resources for their basic needs. Trees are chopped down for
shelters and fuel and farming practises may increase soil erosion. In more
developed countries, mining and construction operations destroy the
environment.

DEVELOPMENT

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DEVELOPMENT

Def: An Improvement I peoples’ quality of life, standard of living and efficient

Developed countries: countries that are economically, culturally and socially

Developing countries: countries that have relatively low standards of living as

Industrialized countries: countries that have experienced rapid growth in their

FACTORS THAT AFFECT OR INFLUENCE DEVELOPMENT

The factors which affect development include:

 History: Factors such as colonisation, migration and wars affect levels of

 Education and training: Access to education and training will determine

 Natural resource limitations: An abundance of raw materials usually leads

 Environmental degradation: In many parts of the world, the population

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