ANSWERS

Self Assessment Paper-1

SCIENCE

Section-A 7. Option (A) is correct. [1]

Explanation: The main reason for the depletion of
1. Option (B) is correct. [1]
ozone is chlorofluorocarbon compounds. These
Explanation: When 2 mL of sodium hydroxide
compounds react with ozone via the free radical
solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc in
mechanism and form unstable compounds that are
a test tube and then warmed, the reaction that occurs
responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer.
can be written in the form of a balanced chemical
equation as 2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2. 8. Option (A) is correct.  [1]
2. Option (B) is correct. [1] Explanation: When the tubule part of the nephron is
not working, the urine formation would not occur.
Explanation: A balanced equation has the same
number of atoms of each element on both sides of the 9. Option (B) is correct.  [1]
equation. Explanation: Calcium reacts with oxygen and forms
3. Option (C) is correct [1] calcium oxide (CaO), which has a high melting point
Explanation: Sodium carbonate decahydrate and is water soluble.
(Na2CO3.10H2O). This compound, also known 10. Option (C) is correct. [1]
as washing soda, is effective in removing both
Explanation: The lack of activity of the pituitary gland
temporary and permanent hardness from water. It
affects the growth of the person.
reacts with calcium and magnesium ions present in
hard water to form insoluble carbonates, which can 11. Option (B) is correct.  [1]
be easily removed by filtration. Explanation: The flow of energy is generally from
Sun → producer → herbivore → carnivore. Since
the flow of energy is progressively from one trophic
Commonly Made Error
level to another and does not revert back, it is said
to be unidirectional. Further, the available energy
Students get confused with the various salts as decreases in the higher trophic levels making it
all others have a similar formula, which creates impossible for energy to flow in the reverse direction.
confusion. The movement of nutrients from one tropic level to
the next trophic level all the way up and then back
down results in the cyclic flow of nutrients through
Answering Tip
the ecosystem.

To avoid mistakes, have conceptual and factual 12. Option (A) is correct.  [1]
clarity among the various salts. Explanation: A new celery plant regenerated from a
piece of one parent plant.
4. 13. Option (A) is correct.  [1]
Explanation: The frequency of AC in some countries
is 60 Hz, which means the current changes direction
5. Option (B) is correct. [1] 60 times per second.
Explanation: CaCO3 CaO + CO2 – This type of
reaction is a decomposition reaction.
14. Option (D) is correct. [1]
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 – This is a combination Explanation: In all three, lungs, heart and brain, the
reaction. exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) takes
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2NaCl – This is a place.
double displacement reaction. 15. Option (C) is correct. [1]
2H2O 2H2 + O2 – This is an electrolytic Explanation: Simple diffusion allows for the passive
decomposition reaction or electrolysis. movement of gases and other small molecules across
6. Option (D) is correct. [1] a cell membrane. Since single-celled organisms
Explanation: The pH of of given solution can be are small, diffusion is sufficient for gas exchange
decreased by adding distilled water/solution of base throughout the cell. The entire surface area of a
having the pH lower than 12.1/solution of acid, single-celled organism is in direct contact with the
because concentration of OH– ion decreases in all environment, allowing for nutrient uptake through
processes. Therefore, the pH decreases. diffusion or other mechanisms.
2 |  OSWAAL CBSE Sample Question Papers, SCIENCE, Class-10

16. Option (B) is correct. [1] 4. Absorption: The micelles can easily pass
Explanation: The scattering of light by colloidal through the intestinal wall, allowing
particles is called the Tyndall Effect. the digested fats to be absorbed into the
bloodstream.  [2]
17. Option (C) is correct.  [1] OR
Explanation: In homologous series of alcohols, the (B) Hormonal birth control: This includes birth
formula for the second member is C2H5OH and control pills, the patch, the vaginal ring and
the formula for the third member is C3H7OH. The the shot. These methods work by delivering
difference between the molecular masses of the two hormones (either estrogen and progestin or
consecutive members of a homologous series is 14u. progestin alone) that prevent ovulation (the
18. Option (C) is correct.  [1] release of an egg from the ovary) and thicken
cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to
Explanation: The gene for violet flowers is dominant reach the egg.
over the gene for white flowers, so only the violet
Intrauterine device (IUD): An IUD is a small,
gene is expressed as violet flowers in the first
T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a
generation. White colour flower shows its trait in the
healthcare provider. There are two main types of
second generation after the selfing of two plants of
IUDs: hormonal IUDs that release progestin and
the first generation.
copper IUDs. Hormonal IUDs work similarly to
19. Option (D) is correct.  [1] hormonal birth control by thickening cervical
Explanation: Fuse wire is always connected in series mucus and preventing ovulation. Copper
to prevent the electrical appliances from damage due IUDs work by disrupting sperm function and
to unwanted high currents in the circuit. preventing implantation of a fertilised egg.  [2]

20. Option (B) is correct.  [1] 24. In this case, we are given that light travels from water
(medium A) to air (medium B). We know that the
Explanation: Herbivores obtain their food from plants.
speed of light is generally slower in denser mediums
Hence, they are known as first-order consumers. The
like water than to air.
carnivores like tigers that cannot be preyed upon
further, lie at the top of the food chain and are hence Therefore:
termed as top carnivores. l vA (speed of light in water) < vB (speed of light in
air).
Section-B Since the refractive index is the ratio of speeds,
and the speed of light in medium A is slower than
21. The reactions in which oxidation (loss of electrons) in medium B:
and reduction (gain of electrons) take place
l nBA will be greater than 1. [2]
simultaneously are called redox reactions.
2Mg(s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO(s) 25. (A) Resultant resistance of R1, R2 and R3 (As they are
Magnesium is getting oxidised because it is losing in series):
electrons to form Mg2+, and oxygen is gaining R’ = R1 + R2 + R3= 10 + 10 + 10 = 30Ω
electrons to form O2–; therefore, it is getting reduced. Resultant resistance of the circuit (As R’||R4)
 [2] 1 1 1
= +
22. Auxins are synthesised in the growing regions at the R R ' R4
tip of the shoot and root in a plant.  [½]
1 1 1+3 4
(a) Positive phototropism – Shoot  [½] = + = =
30 10 30 30
(b) Negative geotropism – Shoot [½]
(c) Positive hydrotropism – Root [½] 30
R= = 7.5Ω
(d) Photoperiodism – No auxin produced 4

23. (A) Bile

juice plays a crucial role in the digestion V = 3 volts
and absorption of fats. Here’s how: Apply Ohm’s Law V = IR
1. Emulsification: Bile salts in the bile juice V 30
I = = = 0.4V [2]
act like detergents, breaking down large fat R 75 
globules into smaller droplets. This process is OR
called emulsification. (B) Piyal observes that magnetic field lines diverge
2. Increased surface area: By breaking down fat as she moves away from the centre of a current-
globules, bile juice significantly increases their carrying circular loop. It is because the magnetic
surface area. This makes it easier for enzymes field strength decreases as the distance increases.
like lipase (from the pancreas) to act on the [1]
fats and digest them. 1. Direction of the magnetic field: The tangent
3. Micelle formation: Bile salts form structures to a magnetic field line at any point indicates
called micelles, which are tiny spheres with the direction of the magnetic field at that
hydrophobic (water-repelling) interiors and specific point. Imagine a tiny compass needle
hydrophilic (water-attracting) exteriors. The placed on the field line. The needle will align
digested fats are incorporated into these itself along the tangent, showing the direction
micelles. of the magnetic field.
Answers | 3
2. Strength of the magnetic field: The closeness conductor is directly proportional to the
of the magnetic field lines is proportional to current flowing through it.
the strength of the magnetic field. Regions (b) The deflection in the needle decreases as the
with densely packed lines represent stronger magnetic field is inversely proportional to the
magnetic fields, while areas where the lines perpendicular distance from the wire.
are spread far apart indicate weaker fields. (c) Magnitude: In physics and mathematics,
By visualising the density of the lines, you magnitude refers to the size or quantity of
can get a sense of the relative strength of the something, without considering its direction.
magnetic field in different regions. [1] It can be applied to scalars (quantities with
26. (i) Harmful effects of using plastic bags: They only magnitude) or the absolute value of
vectors (quantities with both magnitude and
lead to land/water pollution when disposed of
direction).
improperly.
(d) Current: Current, often referred to as electric
Burning of plastic would produce toxic gases/air
current, is the flow of electric charge through
pollution.
a conductor. It’s measured in amperes (A) and
Plastic bags can block the drainage system. represents the rate at which electric charge
 (Or any other) (Any two) passes a specific point in a circuit. [3]
(ii) Segregation of biodegradable and non- 30. When a squirrel faces a scary situation, its body
biodegradable wastes for recycling/segregation of triggers the “fight or flight” response, driven by the
dry and wet waste for recycling. release of adrenaline. Immediate changes include
Reuse of already used items like glass bottles for an increased heart rate to pump more blood, rapid
storage. breathing for oxygen supply, and dilated pupils for
Composting (or any other) (Any two)  [2] better vision. The liver releases glucose for quick
energy, and blood flow is redirected from the digestive
system to muscles and the brain. Muscles tense up for
Commonly Made Error swift action, and the brain becomes more alert. Non-
essential functions like digestion are suppressed to
Students often repeat the same point again conserve energy for immediate survival, enabling the
and again. Many of them write answers in squirrel to effectively fight or flee. [3]
paragraph form rather than point-wise. 31. (i) From the given figure, R2||R3, So their equivalent
resistance R’
R2 R3 30 × 15
Answering Tip R’ = = = 10W
R2 + R3 30 + 15

Always write the answer point-wise and each Now, R1, R’, and R3 are in series, So their
point must reflect a separate idea. Do not equivalent resistance R,
repeat the same point in different words. R = R1 + R’ + R4
= 15 + 10 + 15
Section C = 40W
E 20V
27. (i) 2Cu2S + 3O2 → 2Cu2O + 2SO2 (ii) Circuit current (i)= = = 0.5 A
R 40Ω
(ii) 2Cu2O + Cu2S → 6Cu + SO2
(iii) At anode: Cu → Cu2+ + 2e– So, the potential drop across R4 = iR4
At cathode: Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu [3] = 0.5 × 15 = 7.5V
Power disipation across R1 = i2R1
28. (i)Displacement reaction ½ = (0.5)2 × 15 = 3.75 W
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) (iii) When R3 is removed, then the net resistance value
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) will increase that result to decrease the value of
Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s) current.
(Any one of the reaction or other displacement
reaction.)  [1]
(ii) Double displacement reaction ½ Commonly Made Error
Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
 [1] Incorrectly calculating equivalent resistance:
(Any one of the reaction or other double displacement Ensure you correctly apply the formulas for
reaction.) [Marking Scheme SQP, 2022-23] series and parallel resistors.

29. (i) A changing electric field creates a magnetic field,

and vice versa. This relationship is fundamental Answering Tip
to our understanding of electricity, magnetism
and light.
Draw clear circuit diagrams to visualize the
(ii) (a) The deflection in the compass needle increases connections. Label components and currents
as the magnetic field of the current-carrying consistently.
4 |  OSWAAL CBSE Sample Question Papers, SCIENCE, Class-10

32. (i) Puberty: Puberty is a period of rapid physical and OR

psychological changes that occur in adolescents (B) (a) Z E.C.
as they transition from childhood to adulthood.
Ca = 20 2 8 8 2
It is marked by the onset of sexual maturation,
Cl = 17 2 8 7
leading to the ability to reproduce. This process is
triggered by hormonal changes that occur in the
body. Puberty typically begins between the ages
of 10 and 14 for boys, but this can vary. 2
Key changes during puberty include:
Physical growth: Increased height and weight
gain. (b) Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in
Sexual maturation: Development of reproductive solid state due to the absence of free ions, but
organs and secondary sexual characteristics. they conduct electricity in molten and aqueous
state due to the presence of free ions. 1
Hormonal changes: Increased production of sex
hormones. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2021]
Psychological changes: Mood swings, increased
independence and developing a sense of identity.
(ii) Hormone Responsible for Male Secondary
Section-D
Sexual Characteristics 34. (i) Distilled water does not conduct electricity
The primary hormone responsible for the because it does not contain any ionic compounds
development of secondary sexual characteristics like acids, bases or salts dissolved in it whereas
in males is testosterone. It is produced by the rain water conduct electricty because it contains
testes, the male reproductive organs. ions.
Testosterone plays a crucial role in the (ii) When we overeat, excess of acid is produced in
the stomach that causes a burning sensation.
development of reproductive organs and
stimulates the growth and maturation of the (iii) Copper vessels tarnish due to the formation
testes, penis scrotum and epididymis. of basic copper carbonate that gets neutralised
when rubbed with lemon and the copper vessel
Secondary sexual characteristics responsible for
regains its shine because lemon contains acid that
the development of male physical features such can neutralise the base.
as:
(iv) Washing soda is sodium carbonate decahydrate
Increased muscle mass and strength that when exposed to air, it loses 10 molecules of
Growth of facial and body hair water and changes to white powder.  [5]
Deepening of the voice (due to growth of the OR
larynx) (i) Universal Indicator
Increased bone density and growth Acne l Definition: A universal indicator is
Libido that influences sex drive and sexual a solution or a strip of paper treated
behavior. with a mixture of several acid–base
Sperm production that is essential for the indicators. Each indicator changes colour
production of sperm. [3] at a specific pH range, providing a broader
spectrum of colour change compared to a
33. (A) When electricity is supplied to a purely resistive single indicator.
conductor, the energy of electric current gets l Purpose: Universal indicators are used to:
dissipated entirely in the form of heat. As a result,  Identify the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of
the resistor gets heated. The heating of resistor a solution: By comparing the resulting colour
because of the dissipation of electrical energy is of the indicator with a reference chart, you
known as the heating effect of electric current. can determine if the solution is acidic (red
When an electric current I passes through the or orange), basic (blue or violet) or neutral
conductor, the amount of heat produced in time t (green).
is:  Estimate the approximate pH value: The
H =VIt colour change range of a universal indicator
V = IR allows for a rough estimation of the
solution’s pH. However, for a more precise
H = I2Rt
measurement, a pH meter is recommended.
Two appliances based on the heating effect of
(ii) Litmus and Phenolphthalein
electric current are electric iron and electric
l Litmus solution is a common indicator that
geyser.  [3]
exists in two forms: red litmus and blue litmus.
Answers | 5

Acidic solution (pH < 7): Turns blue litmus (ii)
red (no change in red litmus).
Budding Fragmentation
 Basic solution (pH > 7): Turns red litmus blue
(no change in blue litmus). An outgrowth bud at Organism simply breaks
a specific site develops upon maturation into two
l Phenolphthalein is another indicator that
into a tiny individual and or more pieces/fragments
remains colourless in acidic and neutral
detaches itself from the that grow into new
solutions (pH < 7).
parent. individuals.
Basic solution (pH > 7): Turns pink.
Example: Hydra / yeast Example: Spirogyra
Applying the Information: [5]
l Solution A (pH 3.0): Acidic (pH < 7)
 Litmus: Turns blue litmus red (confirms 36.
acidity). (a) A current carrying solenoid is called an 1
 Phenolphthalein: Remains colourless (no electromagnet/when soft iron is placed inside
change). a solenoid carrying current, the soft iron
l Solution B (pH 9.5): Basic (pH > 7) piece behaves like a magnet so long as electric
 Litmus: Turns red litmus blue (confirms current passes through it. The magnet so
basicity). formed is electromagnet.
 Phenolphthalein: Turns pink (confirms Uses: In electric motors, electric bells, (or any 1
basicity). other)
(iii) Universal Indicator in Water
l Water: Neutral substance with a pH of 7. (b)
l Universal indicator in water: When you add
a few drops of universal indicator to distilled
water (neutral), the solution will turn green.
This green colour signifies neutrality on the
universal indicator’s colour chart.  [5] (Direction of current)
35. (A) Categories of contraceptive methods: (c) Soft iron core is used to increase the strength/ 1
(i) Mechanical Barrier: The sperm does not power of the electromagnet.
reach the egg. (d) (i) By increasing the current. 1
Contraceptive Pills: They change the (ii) By increasing the number of turns
hormonal balance so that the eggs are not in the coil. 1
released.
Contraceptive devices: They are placed in the [Marking Scheme Delhi, 2020]
uterus to prevent pregnancy. OR
Surgical methods: It involves blocking/
cutting of vas deferens/fallopian tube. (Any (i) Magnetic field lines due to current through
two) a circular loop:
2
(ii) Two bacterial infections: Gonorrhoea and
Syphilis
Two viral infections: AIDS and Warts
Use of condoms: Advantages
Avoids unwanted pregnancies.
Prevents transmission of infections/STDs.
 [5]
OR
(B) (i)

At every point of a current carrying circular loop,

the concentric circles represent magnetic field
around it which become larger as we move away
from the wire. At the centre of the loop, these lines
appear as straight lines. 1
6 |  OSWAAL CBSE Sample Question Papers, SCIENCE, Class-10

(ii) Magnetic field produced by a current carrying OR

wire at a given point depends directly on the (B) Trait Y that exists in 70% (larger fraction) of
current passing through it. So, if there is a circular the population is likely to have arisen earlier
because, in asexual reproduction, identical
coil having ‘n’ turns, the field produced is n times
copies of DNA are produced and variations
as large as that produced by a single turn. This is do not occur.
because the current in each circular turn has the
New traits come into the population due to
same direction and the field due to each turn just sudden mutation and then are inherited. A
adds up. [Marking Scheme Delhi, 2020] 2 total of 70% of the population with trait Y is
likely to have been replicating that trait for a
longer period than 5% of the population with
Section-E trait X.  [2]
37. (i) The genotypes of all the possible parent pairs 38. (1)Vinegar is acetic acid. Acetic acid has the chemical
are: formula CH3COOH, with a functional group –
l Tt (Tall) × Tt (Tall) COOH.
l Tt (Tall) × tt (Dwarf) (2) Wine has alcohol as a functional group.
l tt (Dwarf) × tt (Dwarf) (3) (a) Due to the property of catenation, carbon
(ii) He used height with trait ‘T’ as dominant and ‘t’ forms large number of molecules.
as recessive. Additionally, he used coat colour, pea OR
shape (i.e., wrinkled or round), etc.”  [4] (b) Animal fats generally contain saturated fatty
(iii) (A) acids which are said to be harmful for health.
Oils containing unsaturated fatty acids should
be chosen for cooking. Vegetable oils generally
have long unsaturated carbon chains while
animal fats have saturated carbon chains.
39. (i) Graph A represents direct current (DC), while
graph B represents alternating current (AC).
(ii) The DC source is the battery and AC source is the
AC generator.
(iii) (A) Frequency of AC in India = 50Hz.  [4]
OR
(B) Based on the graphs, the source in Graph A
supplies a pulse of current, while the source
in Graph B supplies no current (zero current
across the entire time period shown).  [2]

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