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    Transposition Techniques:: 1. Rail Fence Rail Fence

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    Transposition Techniques:: 1. Rail Fence Rail Fence

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    afmis1652
    17 views3 pages
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    مبادى التشفير

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views3 pages

    Transposition Techniques:: 1. Rail Fence Rail Fence

    Uploaded by

    afmis1652
    مبادى التشفير

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Transposition Techniques:

    All the techniques examined so far involve the substitution of a ciphertext


    symbol for a plaintext symbol. There is another technique which hide the
    message by rearranging the letter order without altering the actual letters
    used. This technique is referred to as a transposition cipher.
    A transposition cipher is a very different kind of mapping is achieved by
    performing some sort of permutation on the plaintext letters.

    1. Rail Fence
    The simplest such cipher is the rail fence technique, in which:
    • Write message letters out diagonally over a number of rows.
    • Then read off cipher row by row.
    For example, to encipher the message “meet me after the toga party”
    with a rail fence of depth 2, we write the following:

    The encrypted message is

    This sort of thing would be trivial to cryptanalyze. A more complex


    scheme is to write the message in a rectangle, row by row, and read the
    message off, column by column, but permute the order of the columns.
    The order of the columns then becomes the key to the algorithm. This
    type of cipher is known as Columnar or Row Transposition Ciphers.

    2. Row and Column Transposition Ciphers:


    It is more complex transposition cipher. Columnar and Row transposition
    is rearrangement of characters of plaintext into columns.
    For example, suppose we use the keyword ZEBRAS and the
    message WE ARE DISCOVERED FLEE AT ONCE.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Principles of Cryptography Dr. OmaimaBahaidara
    1
    To cipher it:
    1. Write plaintext in a rectangle row by row.
    2. Permute the order of the columns.
    3. Read the message off, column by column.
    To decipher it:
    The recipient has to work out the column lengths:
    1. By dividing the ciphertext length by the key length
    2. Then he can write the message out in columns again, by re-
    order the columns by reforming the key word

    Example,
    Key: 4 3 1 2 5 6 7
    Plaintext: attack postponed until two am

    a t t a c k p
    o s t p o ne
    d u n t i l t
    woam

    Ciphertext: TTNA APTM TSUO AODW COI KNL PET

    Thus, in this example, the key is 4312567.To encrypt, start with the
    column that is labeled 1, in this case column 3.Write down all the letters
    in that column. Proceed to column 4, which is labeled 2, then column 2,
    then column 1, then columns 5, 6, and 7.
    A pure transposition cipher is easily recognized because it has the same
    letter frequencies as the original plaintext. For the type of columnar
    transposition just shown, cryptanalysis is fairly straightforward and

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Principles of Cryptography Dr. OmaimaBahaidara
    2
    involves laying out the ciphertext in a matrix and playing around with
    column positions. Digram and trigram frequency tables can be useful.
    The transposition cipher can be made significantly more secure by
    performing more than one stage of transposition. The result is a more
    complex permutation that is not easily reconstructed. Thus, if the
    foregoing message is reencrypted using the same algorithm,

    Key: 4 3 1 2 5 6 7
    Input: t t n a a p t
    m t s u o a o
    d w c o i k n
    l p e t

    Output: NSCE AUOT TTWP TMDl AOI PAK TON

    Product Ciphers
    Have seen that ciphers based on just substitutions or transpositions are
    not secure, and can be attacked because they do not sufficient obscure the
    underlying language structure
    So consider using several ciphers in sequence to make harder, but:
    ▪ two substitutions make a more complex substitution
    ▪ two transpositions make more complex transposition
    ▪ but a substitution followed by a transposition makes a new
    much harder cipher
    A substitution followed by a transposition is known as a Product
    Cipher, and makes a new much more secure cipher, and it is bridge from
    classical to modern ciphers.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Principles of Cryptography Dr. OmaimaBahaidara
    3

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