TRITIYA SOPAN

1. NATIONAL BIRD.
Write few lines about the national bird of India.Stick related
image .
2. NATIONAL GAME.
Write few lines about the national game of India. Stick related
image.
3. CAMP CRAFT .
Skills and practice in the activities relating to camping.
 What is campcraft in guiding ?
• Camp craft programmes teach students all the skills needed for remote
camping and include tent pitching, equipment , building temporary
shelters and emergency shelters from natural materials, camp safety ,
cooking outdoors and Leave No Trace principles.
What are camp craft skills?
• Camp Craft Skills are :
• Help to put up a tent.
• Collect wood and help to build a fire.
• Cook on a fire or barbeque.
• Learn how to tie a reef knot.
• Take part in a small pioneering project.
• Start your own camp blanket.
• Visit a Cub, Scout or Group camp.
 4.SWIMMING OR PROFICIENCY BADGE 1
• Swimming is the best exercise.
• Every scout / guide should learn swimming as early as possible.
• S.M. / G.C should make all efforts to
see that our scouts and guides learn swimming and practise it well.
• However care should be taken to prevent any accident or
mishappening.
• Following are few don`ts to be strictly followed:
• NEVER:
• Swim alone.
• Swim when you are tired or very hot or just after meals.
• Swim in strange in too long.
• Stay in if you are tired or your feet are cold.
• Swim out to open waters (sea).
• Swim across a river.
• Swim after a drifting object, or person.
• Fool about with others in the water.
• One should use floating air – bads.
• These are the golden rules for all scouts and guides. Only ignorance and stupidity
cause most deaths in drowning. A scout / guide should be sable to swim easily
around fifty metres for the test in the tritya sopan.
• Muscle cramp in swimming:
• This is due to sudden involuntary and painful contraction of avoluntary muscle or a
group of muscles. It is caused due to chilling or tiredness during swimming.
• In case of such muscle cramp, the swimmer should breathe in deeply
andremain steady on water for some time.
• Then slowly try to come to the shore. Ask for help. Never loose confidence.
• As an alternative to the test of swimming, you have to acquire one of the
following proficiency badge:
• 1.Athlete 2. Climber 3. Gymnast 4. Hiker (for scouts) / camelman(for
guides).5. Yoga.
• The rules of acquiring a proficiency badge are given before hand.Consult
your S.M. / G.C. tests of these badges.
• Prepare for any suitable badge and get examinedbefore the district
committee through your S.M/G.C
 5. ESTIMATION
• Estimation means 'approximates guessing'. Estimating the distance/ widths
is one of the conditions for Dwitiya Sopan Scout/Guide.
• To estimate the height upto 30 metres – using twelve to one method,
Lumberman’s method, Shadow method ,Red Indian method(judge the height
in these methods and find the approximate value).
• To estimate the depth upto 30 metres- 1.Use a rope or a twine with some
heavy object tied to it.
• Let it reach the bottom. Measure the rope. It is the depth.
• 2.For measuring the depth of an open well. If you see the equal
layers of bricks or masonary work, count the layers and multiply by
the height of each layer. (Unit method).
• To estimate weight upto 8 kilograms - You cannot estimate the height
without lifting the object
because the mass and density varies for different materials like iron,wood,
stone and aluminium etc.
• Practise to feel the weight from smaller to Bigger Weights Upto100 gms, 200
gms, and 500 gms and so on. Play this as a game by blind folding yourselves.

6.FIRST AID
A. Shock:
Symptoms of shock-
• Feeling cold, sweating, difficulty in breathing ,thirst, paleness of lips and skin
cold and moist skin, rapid and weak pulse,dry tongue, short rapid breathing,
unconsciousness (if severe).
 TREATMENT OF SHOCK:
•Find out whether conscious.
•Try to ascertain the cause.
• Let the casualty lie flat on his back with head at little level than the legs which are little
raised.
• If he vomits, turn him to one side.
• Loosen all tight clothings.
Wipe out all sweat.
• Cover him with plain sheet or blanket.
• Nothing is to be given by mouth except sips of water or cracked ice, if conscious.
• Arrange removal to the hospital.
• B. FAINTING
• It is a temporary condition caused due to over exertion, lack of food ,heat, and stuffy
atmosphere or by fright, seeing blood etc. The face becomes pale, sweating over forehead
and face starts, feels weak and suddenly faints.
TREATMENT:
•The causalty should be laid down flat on back.
•Loosen tight clothings.
 •Put him in shock position i.E head little lower and legs little raised
•Ensure fresh air.
• Cold water may be sprinkled over face.
•Smelling salt may be smelt.
•After coming to consciousness (which happens soon) the casualty may be
given a hot drink.
• C. Choking:
• It is due to foreign body obstruction in the airway. The victim cannot
speak or breathe. His face becomes bluish and collapses rapidly. The
following first aid measures should be started immediately on thr spot as
follows :
• Vigourous and rapid back blows should be given.Finger should be probed
into the mouth so that the object may come out with the vomit.
• D.Fractures:
• Breaking or cracking of a bone is called a fracture. It is caused due to direct
or indirect violence.
• Signs of a fracture: EIPSDUC
• E – energy, loss of
• I – irregularity
• P – pain
• S – swelling
• D – deformity.
• U – unnatural mobility.
• C – crepitus (cracking sound).
• General management
• 1.Do not try to straighten the limb.
• 2.Cover the wound (if any) with a sterile dressing. No pressure is tobe
applied over the broken bone.
• 3.Do not waste time over elaborate and fancy dressing.
• 4.Use plenty of padding to fill natural hollows.
• 5.Immobilize above and below the joint.
• 6.Immobilize arm against trunk and leg against other leg.
• 7.Avoid using rigid splints.
• 8.Always use padding before bandaging.
• 9.Treat for shock.
• 10.Arrange for removal to the hospital.
• Fracture of collar bone:
• 1.Apply loose padding in the armpit of affected side.
• 2.Apply braces.
• 3.Tie a triangular sling.
• Fracture of arm:
• 1.Slowly flex the elbow and bring the forearm against the chest.
• 2.Tie a collar and cuff sling.
• 3.Use a transverse bandage around the chest fixing the arm to the
chest.
• Fracture of leg:
• 1.Fill in all hollows with padding. Also knees and ankles.
• 2.Bring the other leg to the fractured one.
• 3.Tie both ankles with a figure of eight bandage.
• 4.Tie the knees together.
• 5.Tie broad bandages above and below the fracture.
• 6.If both the legs are fractured, use two long padded splints to the
feet and tie bandages to the body with padding in all hollows.
• E. Artificial respiration:
• The method of choice is mouth to nose or mouth to mouth
respiration as follows:
• 1.Turn the casualty over his back.
• 2.Push the head back and extend the neck.
• 3.Clear the mouth by wrapping handkerchief around your fingers.
• 4.Take a deep breath and seal your mouth to the nose or mouth of
the casualty and breathe in firmly into mouth or nose.
• 5.Turn your head sideways as the casualty breathes out.
• 6.Give first five puffs rapidly and then breathe in 8 to 12 puffs a minute.
• 7.Watch the rise of his chest. It must rise when you puff in.
• 8.Maintain this rhythm for about one hour or until he breathes on his own.
• 9.If vomiting occurs, turn his head to one side. Clean his mouth as done
earlier and start breathing in again.

7. Map reading and making :MAPPING:

A. Scale: The measurement of the ground is shown in a small
proportion on the map. It is indicated in these ways.
1. In words: e.G. One inch to a mile.
2. As R.F. (Representive fraction) e.g. 1/ 10,000. i.e. One unit on
the map represents ten thousand such units on the ground
 3. By a scale line: each division of the scale corresponds to the distance on
the ground in the said unit of measurement say kilometres. Real distance
can be found out by using a pair of divider on the map. The main divisions
are called ‘primaries’ which are always to the right of the smaller ones called
‘secondaries’.
• Contours:
• Contours are thin lines on the map usually in brown colour
showing a definite elevation above the mean sea level. The space between
two such contours show flatness or steepness of that area.
• D.Grid reference:
• A map is divided into squares by numbered lines called grid lines. They are
generally pink. The vertical lines from south to north are
called ‘eastings’ showing distances in yards towards the east.
Similiarly horizontal lines are called ‘northings’ showing distance towards
the north. Every tenth grid line is drawn a little thicker. Gridlines are
numbered with two bold round digits. These grid lines locate and fix
position of the object on a map. So this method is called grid reference.
• Map setting:
• For reading a map, we have to set the given map on the same ground.
The following are the map setting methods:1.
• With the help of a compass
• : Draw the magnetic north on the map. Lay the compass on this
north line. Turn the map to set in the right direction and the map is
set.2.
• With the help of objects
• : Find out some prominent objects which are on the nearby ground
and are also shown in the map. Place a foot
rule on the map and see the alignment and
approximate distance of such objects and set your map Accordingly
on the ground. Thus by seeing prominent objects like road, bridge,
river, temple, well etc. The map can be set.
After setting the map, you can read and compare known or unknown
objects on the ground. With the use of conventional signs. Use grid
reference to show the exact position of the map. Find out the route
both on the map and on the ground. You may describe the
route by giving bearings, prominent objects on the route and various
distances.

8.PIONEERING
Use of knife and axe and their safety rules:
Keep the tools clean, dry and sharp. Don`t use it on things that may
blunt it. Don`t keep it on the ground, keep away from dirt and
moisture. Keep it away from fire. After each use clean the blade edge,
grease it and put it in its sheath.
Sharpen your tool with a sharpening (carborundum) stone when
necessary.
 Patrol pioneering projects:
• Pioneering is the life blood of scouting. It is building structures of
spares and sticks for practical use. It tests various skills like knotting,
lashings, team work, estimation, usefulness and other scout crafts.
Always be prepared to be helpful to others by your skill of pioneering,
observation, thinking, willingness to serve, management, obedience
etc. These are some of the essential virtues necessary for
undertaking such projects.
• Pioneering, training should be continuous and progressive right
from the pratham sopan. Inter – patrol competitions should be often
arranged. Not the time but the correctness and usefulness of the
project is more essential. Use knots, lashings, measurement, and
gears etc correctly
• Lashing:
• Lashings are an essential skill in Guiding, and often used to create camp
structures like bridges, tripods, or gadgets using natural materials. Lashings
begin with a clove hitch, and involve wrapping and tying ropes around
poles to bind them in a structure.
• Lashings are used to join together poles or spars to enable the
construction of objects and structures. In Guiding this activity is called
pioneering. Common pioneering projects include gateways, bridges and
platforms, or smaller camp items such as washstands, chairs, benches and
tables.
• Three types of lashing – square lashing,
sheer lashing, diagonal lashing.
• Square lashings are used to bind
together two spars that are at right angles
with one another.
• A sheer lashing is often sued to bind adjacent poles
together. It is also a good way to reinforce a broken or
weak pole. The frapping turns used to tighten the lashing
may be omitted and replaced with wedges inserted
between the poles.
• A loose Sheer Lashing made around the ends of two poles
will allow the poles to be opened out and used as an A-
frame. It can also be used to form a tripod just like the
Figure-of-eight lashing.
• A Diagonal Lashing is used to bind two poles together that
cross each other but do not touch (or are likely to be pulled
apart) when their ends are lashed in place in a structure.
Often used for securing diagonal braces used to hold a
structure rigid.
• When wooden poles are used in a lattice like structure a
combination of Diagonal and Square lashings is used to
hold them together.
• The Diagonal Lashing can be used to bind poles that cross
at an angle of between 90 to 45 degrees. If the angle
between the poles is less than 45 degrees a sheer lashing
should be used.
 9.COOKING
• Cooking is an art as well as science. Prepare fire (chulha) as per your
need. In your preparation of a dish, try out to bring in varieties, taste,
nourishment, quantity and thrift novelty etcs. If it is possible to
prepare items without much of utensils,
be thrifty in using more utensils, firewood and unnecessary spices.
The meals should be sufficient for two persons.
10.PLAN AND PARTICIPATE IN A PATROL EXPEDITION
• Scouting is a movement of young people who like fun and adventure.
Scouts and guides are always eager to show their knowledge, skills
and experience in practise. There is no other occasion to show them
all at the time but expedition.
• An expedition in form of photographs, sketches, maps, charts,
collections, surveys and report etc.
• The purpose of such an expedition should be exploration, nature
study, adventure, risk taking, increasing knowledge and experience.
Participation in an expedition will make you stronger, bold, self
confident, self reliant, jolly and proud, richer in knowledge, skills and
experience, popular and more useful citizen of the society.

11. THE KNOWLEDGE ON ‘GUIDING IN INDIA’ (FOR GUIDES ONLY)

Girl guides should know more about guiding. They should know how
guiding in India developed. How Dr Annie Besant started the
movement for Indians. The first guide company was started in Calcutta.
The girl guides association was conducting activities in the country
before independence. On august 15, 1951 the guides association of
India merged with the bharat scouts and guides.
• The guide wing of our national association is affiliated to the world
association of girl guides and girl scouts (WAGGS) with its
international headquarters in London (England). There are regional
centres for international guiding as in Pune (Maharastra). Our guides
should visit sangam at their earliest convenience. International
events of guiding like camps, seminars etc are arranged at these
centres. They should read the book ‘guiding in India’
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