SSAO IPS21B1

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FACULTY/COLLEGE College of Business and Economics

SCHOOL Johannesburg School of Business
DEPARTMENT Industrial Psychology and People
Management
CAMPUS(ES) APK, DFC
MODULE NAME Industrial Psychology 1B
MODULE CODE IPS21B1
SEMESTER Second
ASSESSMENT OPPORTUNITY, SSAO – Supplementary Summative
MONTH AND YEAR Assessment Opportunity January 2020

ASSESSMENT DATE January 2020 SESSION TBA

ASSESSOR(S) Ms N Morton
Mr MA Themba
MODERATOR(S) Dr M Geldenhuys
DURATION 2 hours (120 min) TOTAL MARKS 100

NUMBER OF PAGES OF QUESTION PAPER (Including cover page) 11

INFORMATION/INSTRUCTIONS:
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 This is a closed-book assessment.
 All questions are compulsory to complete.
 Question papers must be handed in at the end of the exam session
 Read the questions carefully and answer only what is required.
 Number your answers clearly and correctly as per the question paper.
 Write neatly and legibly on both sides of the paper in the answer book, starting on the
first page.
 Structure your answers by using appropriate headings and sub-headings.
 The general University of Johannesburg policies, procedures and rules pertaining to
written assessments apply to this assessment.

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SECTION A: ERGONOMICS [SECTION TOTAL: 50 Marks]

QUESTION 1 [15 Marks]

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.1 The two main areas ergonomics can be applied to, may be categorised as:

a) work system design and product design

b) manual systems and organisational systems
c) industrial psychology and engineering
d) none of the above

1.2 A condition or set of conditions that has the potential for causing an accident or other
harmful outcome is known as:

a) a hazard
b) an occupational error
c) danger
d) all of the above

1.3 Which of the following is not an effect on noise on humans:

a) Distraction
b) Negative emotions
c) Permanent Hearing loss
d) Heat stress

1.4 The type of injuries or occupational disorders that result from an extended or repetitive
exposure to a harmful work condition is known as:

a) allergic occupational exposure

b) single-incident trauma
c) toxicology
d) cumulative trauma disorder

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1.5 The hearing sensory memory is called

a) tympanic storage
b) iconic storage
c) echoic storage
d) the ossicle

1.6 In the South African context, the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases
Act, No. 130 of 1993 ____________.

a) regulates the health and safety of persons at work and those in connection with the
use of plant and machinery.
b) provides for protection of the health and safety of employees and other persons at
mines.
c) regulates the payment reimbursement to persons who are injured or contract a
disease while working.
d) determines and establishes best practice that promotes positive safety, health and
environmental outcomes in the construction industry.

1.7 The South African legislation that prescribes the appointment of health and safety
representatives in the workplace is the:

a) Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act

b) Occupational Health and Safety Act
c) Workmen’s Compensation Act
d) All of the above

1.8 Mpho re-designs a machine to reduce the noise experienced by its users. This is an
example of:

a) engineering control at source

b) administrative control to avoid hearing damage
c) engineering control at the receiver
d) engineering control at the path

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1.9 The ______ method of job evaluation is difficult for most employees to understand
because of its complexity.

a) factor comparison
b) graphical rating scales
c) wage structuring
d) performance rating

1.10 Planning is a mental process that may include:

a) scheduling
b) designing
c) scheming
d) all of the above

1.11 Within the human-machine system, the keyboard of a computer, is an example of:

a) the controls of the machine

b) the process of the machine
c) the display of the machine
d) the output of the machine

1.12 To determine the relative worth of jobs at JM Telecommunications, the HR team must
conduct ______________.

a) job analysis
b) performance management
c) job specification
d) job evaluation

1.13 ___________ assigns point values to the individual factors that make up a given job,
and then sums the points to obtain a total score for the job. The scores of all jobs are then
organised into a job hierarchy based on their scores, and these scores are used to establish
the wage structure.

a) Factor comparison method

b) Job classification method

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c) Paired comparisons
d) Point-factor method

1.14 When applying the job classification method, evaluators use _____________ as the
basis for classifying jobs.

a) paired comparisons
b) grade descriptions
c) job specifications
d) subfactors

1.15 Jabu, a senior manager at Khula Construction, provides a comprehensive written

report on the performance of his team. This performance appraisal technique is regarded as
the _________.

a) critical incident
b) checklist
c) essay
d) non-graphical rating

QUESTION 2 [10 Marks]

Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.

2.1 A job description is the systematic method for assessing the relative values of jobs in
an organisation and for determining an appropriate wage or salary structure for those
jobs.
2.2 Industries such as mining, construction and transportation have a relatively higher
frequency of fatal and nonfatal injuries than the services industry.
2.3 Most jobs require combination of physical and cognitive work load.
2.4 The wage range of the wage structure are one of the factors that influences an
organisation’s wage structure.
2.5 Luminous flux is energy emitted in a given direction.
2.6 FJP (Fitting the job to the person) recommends that workers be selected on the basis
of their mental aptitudes and physical characteristics for a particular job opening.
2.7 Response execution involves both cognitive and physical elements.
2.8 Cognitive tasks related to problem solving include diagnosis and trouble shooting.

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2.9 Age and fatigue are some of the factors that significantly correlate with accident rates.

2.10 In ergonomics, the category of temperature hazards includes equipment that is too hot
or too cold as well as fire hazards.

QUESTION 3 [13 Marks]

Ergonomics as an identified field of study can be traced back to around 1945. The scientific
movement (Taylorism) is regarded as one of the most important catalysts of this field of study.

3.1 Provide a definition of the term ‘ergonomics’. (2)

3.2 Provide five examples of better performance of human-machine systems in an

ergonomics context. (5)

3.3 Briefly explain the three basic categories of human-machine systems. (6)

QUESTION 4 [12 Marks]

A small manufacturing company recently experienced a rise in the number of industrial

accidents. Upon investigation, the findings indicated that most of these accidents were due to
human failures.

4.1 What is an industrial accident? (2)

4.2 Provide four examples of social/psychological environmental factors that may have
affected the likelihood of industrial accidents in this manufacturing company.
(4)

4.3 Suppose the manufacturing company decides to utilise the Skill-Rule-Knowledge

(SRK) model to identify failures in the performance or behaviour of their employees.
Briefly explain the three types of performance or behaviour identified by the SRK
model. (6)

PLEASE TURN OVER FOR SECTION B

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SECTION B: CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY [SECTION TOTAL: 50 Marks]

QUESTION 1 [15 MARKS]

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.1 The term "consumer behavior" describes two different kinds of consumers: ________
and ________ consumers.

a) non-profit; government
b) non-profit; for profit
c) personal; organizational
d) government; private
e) organizational; private

1.2 Which of the following is considered an example of consumer behavior?

a) Janice prefers to buy name-brand pain relievers like Tylenol and Advil, rather than
the store brand.
b) Javier generally gets gas on Monday mornings on his way to work.
c) Jessica prefers to buy her produce from the farmer's market instead of the grocery
store.
d) Jeremy generally recycles his old newspapers and cardboard boxes.
e) All of the above are examples of consumer behaviour.

1.3 Whereas the ________ focuses on fulfilling the needs of target consumer markets
more effectively than competitors, the ________ requires marketers to balance
society's interests with the needs of the consumers and marketers.

a) marketing concept; societal marketing concept

b) consumer marketing concept; societal marketing concept
c) production concept; marketing concept
d) societal marketing concept; marketing concept

1.4 The lowest level at which an individual can experience a sensation is known as.

a) Sensation
b) Absolute threshold
c) Subliminal Perception
d) Awareness
e) Attention

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1.5 When an individual organises their perceptions so that they form a complete picture,
he/she express their need for _________

a) Closure
b) Grouping
c) Interpretation
d) Peer Pressure
e) Figure-and-Ground Relationships

1.6. When consumers are bombarded with information, they would organize new
information in order to interpret and understand it. This process is known as.

a) Differential threshold
b) Selective Perception
c) Subliminal Perception
d) Perceptual Selection
e) Both B and D

1.7 A firm's marketing activities that attempt to reach, inform, and persuade consumers to buy
and use its products are ________.

a) policy factors
b) process factors
c) marketing inputs
d) sociocultural inputs

1.9 When an individual says “I love going to Spain during the summer”, we can recognize
the __________ component of an attitude.

a) Utility component
b) Affective component
c) Defensive component
d) Cognitive component
e) Conative component

1.10 John says “I will not go offer my help to you again”, he is exclaiming the __________
component of an attitude

a) Utility component
b) Affective component

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c) Behvioural component
d) Cognitive component
e) Conative component

1.11 Sally says “I know for a fact that drinking a lot of coffee is not good for you”, she is
exclaiming the _________ component of an attitude

a) Utility component
b) Affective component
c) Behvioural component
d) Cognitive component
e) Conative component

1.12 __________ portray consumers’ attitudes with regard to an attitude object as a function
of consumers’ perceptions and assessment of the key attributes or beliefs of that
object.

a) Multi-attribute attitude models

b) Functional models
c) Dual mediation models
d) Cognitive dissonance theories

1.13 Lesego feels that shopping in second-hand clothing shops shows a lack of class and
sophistication. This attitude would be captured by which of the following multi-attribute
attitude models?

a) Theory-of-reasoned-action model
b) Trying-to-consume model
c) Attitude-toward-object model
d) Attitude-toward-behaviour model
e) Attitude-toward-the-ad model

1.14 According to the societal marketing concept, ________.

a) fast-food restaurants should develop healthier foods that contain less fat and starch
b) marketers should use professional athletes in liquor and tobacco advertisements
c) marketers should teach young drivers to get the most out of their cars by driving
them as fast as possible

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d) toy manufacturers should manufacture their products out of the cheapest materials
possible, regardless of where those materials come from or what potential
contaminants they may contain

1.15 Moral principles that govern marketers’ behaviour, are also known as.

a) legislation
b) ethical principles
c) moral guidelines
d) marketing ethics

QUESTION 2 [12 MARKS]

Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.

2.1 For each individual, reality is a totally personal phenomenon, based on that person’s
needs, wants, values, and personal experiences.
2.2 The minimal difference that can be detected between two similar stimuli is called the
Differential threshold.
2.3 Qualitative research findings are usually generalized to the larger population.
2.4 When conducting focus groups, respondents are recruited on the basis of a randomly
drawn sample and are paid a fee for their participation.
2.5 A company that employs a mass marketing strategy typically offers a variety of
specialised products.
2.6 People who are high in dogmatism are more likely to prefer innovative products to
established or traditional alternatives.
2.7 Most marketers prefer to target consumer segments that are relatively stable in terms
of demographic and psychological factors and needs that are likely to grow larger over
time.
2.8 Demographic variables can reveal ongoing trends that signal business opportunities,
such as shifts in age, gender, and income distribution.
2.9 Once information is perceived, it is first stored in the short-term store, then the long-
term store, then the sensory store.
2.10 Examples of compulsive consumption include eating disorders, shopping, gambling,
and alcoholism.
2.11 Repeat purchase usually signifies that the product meets with the consumer's approval
and that he or she is willing to use it again and in larger quantities.
2.12 Perceptions of a company's lack of social responsibility or unethical marketing
strategies rarely have a negative effect on consumer purchase decisions.

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QUESTION 3 [5 MARKS]

Name 5 ways in which consumers handle risk.

QUESTION 4 [8 MARKS]

Fill in the blank to complete each of the below sentences.

4.1. The _________ is used to change consumers attitudes through their motivations

4.2. The _________ is based on the belief that consumers’ attitudes are aligned with the
utilities that brands provide.

4.3. When consumers replace uncertainty of a brand with feelings of security and confidence,
they are known to demonstrate the __________ function

4.4. Marketers that aim to create adverts that are either aligned or not aligned with
consumers’ beliefs, are known to work from the __________ function

4.5. When marketers provide a lot of facts about a product or brand, they are using the
__________ function

4.6. To change consumers’ attitudes, marketers can use different ___________.

4.7. __________ can be referred to as the motivations behind consumers’ attitudes

4.8. Consumers’ attitudes can also be changed if marketers link them to __________ and
__________ events.

QUESTION 5 [10 MARKS]

Briefly describe the five stages in the adoption process in arriving at a decision to purchase or
reject a new product. (10)

[TOTAL: 100 MARKS]

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