Version 2023.

v1 Prepared by Samuel Lim QE & Bryan Tan DF @MCKL

P1 Chapter 8: Integration (Exercises)

Instructions

(i) Show all necessary working clearly.

(ii) Upon completion of a question, check your answer by using the method taught in class whenever applicable.

Exercise 8.1

Recommended time of completion: 4 hours.

1. Find each of the following indefinite integrals.

∫ ∫ ∫
3𝑥 5 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 d𝑥 2(5𝑥 − 2) 8 d𝑥


(a) (e) 𝑥(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 8) d𝑥 (i)
∫  ∫ ∫√
1 √ 3
(b) 𝑥3 + 3 d𝑥 (f) 𝑥(𝑥 − 3) 2 d𝑥 (j) 5 − 4𝑥 d𝑥
𝑥
∫ ∫ ∫
5𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1

9 3 2
(c) − − 4 d𝑥 (g) √ d𝑥 (k) √ d𝑥
𝑥7 𝑥2 𝑥 3𝑥 − 2
∫  2 ∫  2 ∫
1 √ 3 5
(d) 𝑥+ d𝑥 (h) 2 𝑥 − 2√ d𝑥 (l) d𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 4(7 − 2𝑥) 5

d𝑦
2. Find the equation of the curve, given and a point 𝑃 on the curve.
d𝑥
d𝑦 d𝑦 3 d𝑦 8
(a) = 2𝑥 2 − 5 , 𝑃 (3, 8) (c) = √ − 𝑥 , 𝑃 (4, 6) (e) = , 𝑃 (2, 7)
d𝑥 d𝑥 𝑥 d𝑥 (5 − 2𝑥) 2
d𝑦 8 d𝑦 1 d𝑦 1 6
(b) = − 3 − 1 , 𝑃 (2, 4) (d) = (2𝑥 + 1) 2 , 𝑃 (4, 7) (f) =√ + 2 , 𝑃 (1, 3)
d𝑥 𝑥 d𝑥 d𝑥 𝑥+6 𝑥

d𝑦
3. By first finding , find each of the following indefinite integrals.
d𝑥
∫ ∫
(a) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 − 1) 5 , 𝑥(2𝑥 2 − 1) 4 d𝑥 (c) 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5) 6 , 2(2𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5) 5 d𝑥
∫ ∫
1 3𝑥 √ √ √
(b) 𝑦 = , d𝑥 (d) 𝑦 = (2𝑥 𝑥 − 1) 5 , 3 𝑥(2𝑥 𝑥 − 1) 4 d𝑥
4 − 3𝑥 2 (4 − 3𝑥 2 ) 2

4. Evaluate each of the following definite integrals.

∫ 2   ∫ 2
∫ 2 √︁
1 (3 − 𝑥) (8 + 𝑥)
(a) 3𝑥 2
− 2 + 2 d𝑥 (c) d𝑥 (e) (𝑥 − 1) 3 d𝑥
1 𝑥 1 𝑥4 1
∫ 4   ∫ ∫ 3
√ 2 1 2
(b) 𝑥+√ d𝑥 (d) (3𝑥 − 2) 5 d𝑥 (f) √ d𝑥
1 𝑥 0 2 5𝑥 − 6

d𝑦 𝑘
5. A curve is such that = √ , where 𝑘 is a constant. The points 𝑃 (1, −1) and 𝑄 (4, 4) lie on the curve. Find
d𝑥 𝑥
the equation of the curve. [4]

[9709 w19 qp12 q3]

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6. A function f is defined for 𝑥 ∈ R and is such that f ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 6. The range of the function is given by
f(𝑥) ⩾ −4.

(a) State the value of 𝑥 for which f (𝑥) has a stationary value. [1]

(b) Find an expression for f (𝑥) in terms of 𝑥. [4]

[9709 w11 qp11 q4]

d𝑦
7. A curve is such that = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. The curve has stationary points at (−1, 2) and (3, 𝑘). Find the values
d𝑥
of the constants 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑘. [8]

[9709 s19 qp13 q8]

1
− 12
8. A curve has equation 𝑦 = f (𝑥) and is such that f ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 10.
1
(a) By using the substitution 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , or otherwise, find the values of 𝑥 for which the curve 𝑦 = f (𝑥) has
stationary points. [4]

(b) Find f ′′ (𝑥) and hence, or otherwise, determine the nature of each stationary point. [3]

(c) It is given that the curve 𝑦 = f (𝑥) passes through the point (4, −7). Find f (𝑥). [4]

[9709 s13 qp11 q9]

d𝑦 2
9. A curve is such that = √ − 1 and 𝑃 (9, 5) is a point on the curve.
d𝑥 𝑥
(a) Find the equation of the curve. [4]

(b) Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve. [3]

d2 𝑦
(c) Find an expression for and determine the nature of the stationary point. [2]
d𝑥 2
(d) The normal to the curve at 𝑃 makes an angle of tan−1 𝑘 with the positive 𝑥-axis. Find the value of 𝑘. [2]

[9709 s11 qp13 q9]

10. A curve has equation 𝑦 = f (𝑥) and it is given that f ′ (𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants.

(a) Find, in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏, the non-zero value of 𝑥 for which the curve has a stationary point and determine,
showing all necessary working, the nature of the stationary point. [3]

(b) It is now given that the curve has a stationary point at (−2, −3) and that the gradient of the curve at 𝑥 = 1
is 9. Find f (𝑥). [6]

[9709 w17 qp13 q10]

d𝑦 4
11. A curve is defined for 𝑥 > 0 and is such that = 𝑥 + 2 . The point 𝑃 (4, 8) lies on the curve.
d𝑥 𝑥
(a) Find the equation of the curve. [4]

(b) Show that the gradient of the curve has a minimum value when 𝑥 = 2 and state this minimum value. [4]

[9709 w12 qp12 q10]

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d𝑦 2 − 12 −3
12. A curve is such that = 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 2 , where 𝑎 is a positive constant. The point 𝐴 (𝑎 2 , 3) lies on the curve.
d𝑥 𝑎
Find, in terms of 𝑎,

(a) the equation of the tangent to the curve at 𝐴, simplifying your answer, [3]

(b) the equation of the curve. [4]

It is now given that 𝐵 (16, 8) also lies on the curve.

(c) Find the value of 𝑎 and, using this value, find the distance 𝐴𝐵. [5]

[9709 w16 qp13 q10]

d𝑦 4
13. A curve is such that = √︁ , and 𝑃 (1, 8) is a point on the curve.
d𝑥 (6 − 2𝑥)
(a) The normal to the curve at the point 𝑃 meets the coordinate axes at 𝑄 and at 𝑅. Find the coordinates of
the mid-point of 𝑄𝑅. [5]

(b) Find the equation of the curve. [4]

[9709 s06 qp1 q9]

d𝑦 8
14. A curve is such that = 5 − 2 . The line 3𝑦 + 𝑥 = 17 is the normal to the curve at the point 𝑃 on the curve.
d𝑥 𝑥
Given that the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝑃 is positive, find

(a) the coordinates of 𝑃, [4]

(b) the equation of the curve. [4]

[9709 w11 qp12 q7]

− 12
15. The function f is defined for 𝑥 ⩾ 0. It is given that f has a minimum value when 𝑥 = 2 and that f ′′ (𝑥) = (4𝑥+1) .

(a) Find f ′ (𝑥). [3]

It is now given that f ′′ (0), f ′ (0) and f(0) are the first three terms respectively of an arithmetic progression.

(b) Find the value of f(0). [3]

(c) Find f (𝑥), and hence find the minimum value of f. [5]

[9709 s17 qp13 q11]

d2 𝑦 24
16. A curve is such that = − 4. The curve has a stationary point at 𝑃 where 𝑥 = 2.
d𝑥 2 𝑥 3
(a) State, with a reason, the nature of this stationary point. [1]
d𝑦
(b) Find an expression for . [4]
d𝑥
(c) Given that the curve passes through the point (1, 13), find the coordinates of the stationary point 𝑃. [4]

[9709 w14 qp12 q10]

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1 1
17. A function f is defined for 𝑥 > 2 and is such that f ′ (𝑥) = 3(2𝑥 − 1) 2 − 6.
(a) Find the set of values of 𝑥 for which f is decreasing. [4]

(b) It is now given that f (1) = −3. Find f (𝑥). [4]

[9709 w19 qp13 q8]

d𝑦 −1
18. A curve is such that = 2 − 8(3𝑥 + 4) 2 .
d𝑥
(a) A point 𝑃 moves along the curve in such a way that the 𝑥-coordinate is increasing at a constant rate of
0.3 units per second. Find the rate of change of the 𝑦-coordinate as 𝑃 crosses the 𝑦-axis. [2]

The curve intersects the 𝑦-axis where 𝑦 = 43 .

(b) Find the equation of the curve. [4]
[9709 s16 qp11 q4]

d𝑦 √
19. A curve is such that = 4𝑥 + 1 and (2, 5) is a point on the curve.
d𝑥
(a) Find the equation of the curve. [4]

(b) A point 𝑃 moves along the curve in such a way that the 𝑦-coordinate is increasing at a constant rate of
0.06 units per second. Find the rate of change of the 𝑥-coordinate when 𝑃 passes through (2, 5). [2]
d2 𝑦 d𝑦
(c) Show that × is constant. [2]
d𝑥 2 d𝑥
[9709 s18 qp12 q9]

d𝑦 −1
20. A curve passes through the point 𝐴 (4, 6) and is such that = 1 + 2𝑥 2 . A point 𝑃 is moving along the curve
d𝑥
in such a way that the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝑃 is increasing at a constant rate of 3 units per minute.
(a) Find the rate at which the 𝑦-coordinate of 𝑃 is increasing when 𝑃 is at 𝐴. [3]

(b) Find the equation of the curve. [3]

(c) The tangent to the curve at 𝐴 crosses the 𝑥-axis at 𝐵 and the normal to the curve at 𝐴 crosses the 𝑥-axis
at 𝐶. Find the area of triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶. [5]
[9709 w15 qp13 q9]

Exercise 8.2

Recommended time of completion: 4 hours 15 minutes.

1. The curve with equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 passes through the origin.

(a) Show that the curve has no stationary points. [3]

(b) Denoting the gradient of the curve by 𝑚, find the stationary value of 𝑚 and determine its nature. [5]

(c) Showing all necessary working, find the area of the region enclosed by the curve, the 𝑥-axis and the line
𝑥 = 6. [4]
[9709 s18 qp11 q10]

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2.

The diagram shows the curve with equation 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) 2 . The minimum point on the curve has coordinates
(𝑎, 0) and the 𝑥-coordinate of the maximum point is 𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants.

(a) State the value of 𝑎. [1]

(b) Find the value of 𝑏. [4]

(c) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]

d𝑦
(d) The gradient, , of the curve has a minimum value 𝑚. Find the value of 𝑚. [4]
d𝑥
[9709 w12 qp13 q11]

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3. The equation of a curve is 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + .
𝑥2
d𝑦 d2 𝑦
(a) Obtain expressions for and 2 . [3]
d𝑥 d𝑥
(b) Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve and determine the nature of the stationary point.
[3]

(c) Show that the normal to the curve at the point (−2, −2) intersects the 𝑥-axis at the point (−10, 0). [3]

(d) Find the area of the region enclosed by the curve, the 𝑥-axis and the lines 𝑥 = 1 and 𝑥 = 2. [3]

[9709 s07 qp1 q10]

4.

√
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 1 and the normal to the curve at the point 𝑃 (2, 3). This
normal meets the 𝑥-axis at 𝑄.

(a) Find the equation of the normal at 𝑃. [4]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [7]

[9709 w17 qp12 q10]

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5.

The diagram shows the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 𝑘, where 𝑘 is a constant. The curve has a minimum point on
the 𝑥-axis.
(a) Find the value of 𝑘. [4]

(b) Find the coordinates of the maximum point of the curve. [1]

(c) State the set of values of 𝑥 for which 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 𝑘 is a decreasing function of 𝑥. [1]

(d) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]

[9709 s06 qp1 q10]

6.

The diagram shows the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 2), which crosses the 𝑥-axis at the points 𝑂 (0, 0), 𝐴 (1, 0) and
𝐵 (2, 0).
(a) The tangents to the curve at the points 𝐴 and 𝐵 meet at the point 𝐶. Find the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐶. [5]

(b) Show by integration that the area of the shaded region 𝑅 1 is the same as the area of the shaded region 𝑅 2 .
[4]
[9709 w06 qp1 q7]
7.

∫The2 figure shows part of the curve

∫ 8 𝑦 = g(𝑥). The points 𝐴 (2, 8) and 𝐵 (6, 1) lie on the curve. Given that
𝑦 d𝑥 = 16, find the value of 𝑥 d𝑦.
6 1

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8.

The diagram shows the curve 𝑦 = f (𝑥) defined for 𝑥 > 0. The curve has a minimum point at 𝐴 and crosses the
d𝑦 2
𝑥-axis at 𝐵 and 𝐶. It is given that = 2𝑥 − 3 and that the curve passes through the point (4, 189
16 ).
d𝑥 𝑥
(a) Find the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐴. [2]

(b) Find f (𝑥). [3]

(c) Find the 𝑥-coordinates of 𝐵 and 𝐶. [4]

(d) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [4]

[9709 m17 qp12 q10]

9. Sketch the curve and find the total area bounded by the curve and the 𝑥-axis for each of these functions.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 2) (b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 − 4)

10.

1
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 16 (3𝑥 − 1) 2 , which touches the 𝑥-axis at the point 𝑃. The point 𝑄
(3, 4) lies on the curve and the tangent to the curve at 𝑄 crosses the 𝑥-axis at 𝑅.

(a) State the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝑃. [1]

Showing all necessary working, find by calculation

(b) the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝑅, [5]

(c) the area of the shaded region 𝑃𝑄𝑅. [6]

[9709 m16 qp12 q10]

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11. Sketch the following curves and find the area enclosed between their graphs.

(a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3 and 𝑦 = 6 (c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12

(b) 𝑦 = −𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 20 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 (d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥(2 − 𝑥)

12.

√ 9
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 1 + √ and the minimum point 𝑀.
4𝑥 + 1
∫
d𝑦
(a) Find expressions for and 𝑦 d𝑥. [6]
d𝑥
(b) Find the coordinates of 𝑀. [3]

The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the 𝑦-axis and the line through 𝑀 parallel to the 𝑥-axis.

(c) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [3]

[9709 s19 qp12 q11]

13.

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑥 and the line 𝑂 𝐴, where 𝐴 is the
maximum point on the curve. The 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐴 is 𝑎 and the curve has a minimum point at (𝑏, 0), where
𝑎 and 𝑏 are positive constants.

(a) Show that 𝑏 = 3𝑎. [4]

(b) Show that the area of the shaded region between the line and the curve is 𝑘𝑎 4 , where 𝑘 is a fraction to be
found. [7]

[9709 s20 qp13 q11]

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14.

4
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 1 − . The curve intersects the 𝑥-axis at 𝐴. The normal to
(2𝑥 + 1) 2
the curve at 𝐴 intersects the 𝑦-axis at 𝐵.
∫
d𝑦
(a) Obtain expressions for and 𝑦 d𝑥. [4]
d𝑥
(b) Find the coordinates of 𝐵. [4]

(c) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [4]

[9709 w19 qp12 q10]

15.

The diagram shows the curve 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 − 1 and the straight line 3𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1. The curve and straight line intersect
at 𝑥 = 12 and 𝑥 = 𝑎, where 𝑎 is a constant.

(a) Show that 𝑎 = 5. [2]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [6]

[9709 w12 qp11 q8]

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16.

The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2) 4 and the point 𝐴 (1, 1) on the curve. The tangent at 𝐴 cuts
the 𝑥-axis at 𝐵 and the normal at 𝐴 cuts the 𝑦-axis at 𝐶.

(a) Find the coordinates of 𝐵 and 𝐶. [6]

√
𝑎
(b) Find the distance 𝐴𝐶, giving your answer in the form , where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are integers. [2]
𝑏
(c) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]

[9709 s13 qp11 q10]

17. The function f is defined by f (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1) −2 for 𝑥 > −1.

(a) Find f ′ (𝑥) and f ′′ (𝑥) and hence verify that the function f has a minimum value at 𝑥 = 0. [4]

The points 𝐴 (− 21 , 3) and 𝐵 (1, 2 41 ) lie on the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1) −2 , as shown in the diagram.

(b) Find the distance 𝐴𝐵. [2]

(c) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [6]

[9709 w15 qp13 q10]

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18.

8
The diagram shows parts of the curves 𝑦 = 9 − 𝑥 3 and 𝑦 = 3 and their points of intersection 𝑃 and 𝑄. The
𝑥
𝑥-coordinates of 𝑃 and 𝑄 are 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively.

(a) Show that 𝑥 = 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑏 are roots of the equation 𝑥 6 − 9𝑥 3 + 8 = 0. Solve this equation and hence state
the value of 𝑎 and the value of 𝑏. [4]

(b) Find the area of the shaded region between the two curves. [5]

(c) The tangents to the two curves at 𝑥 = 𝑐 (where 𝑎 < 𝑐 < 𝑏) are parallel to each other. Find the value of 𝑐.
[4]

[9709 w10 qp13 q11]

19.

1
The diagram shows part of the curve with equation 𝑦 = (3𝑥 + 4) 2 and the tangent to the curve at the point 𝐴.
The 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐴 is 4.

(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at 𝐴. [5]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [5]

(c) A point is moving along the curve. At the point 𝑃 the 𝑦-coordinate is increasing at half the rate at which
the 𝑥-coordinate is increasing. Find the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝑃. [3]

[9709 s19 qp13 q10]

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20.

The diagram shows parts of the curves 𝑦 = (2𝑥 − 1) 2 and 𝑦 2 = 1 − 2𝑥, intersecting at points 𝐴 and 𝐵.

(a) State the coordinates of 𝐴. [1]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [6]

[9709 w16 qp11 q7]

21.

1
The diagram shows parts of the curves 𝑦 = (4𝑥 + 1) 2 and 𝑦 = 12 𝑥 2 + 1 intersecting at points 𝑃 (0, 1) and 𝑄
(2, 3). The angle between the tangents to the two curves at 𝑄 is 𝛼.

(a) Find 𝛼, giving your answer in degrees correct to 3 significant figures. [6]

(b) Find by integration the area of the shaded region. [6]

[9709 w14 qp11 q11]

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Exercise 8.3

Recommended time of completion: 1 hour.

1. Show that each of the following improper integrals have a finite value and, in each case, find this value.
∫ ∞
∫ ∞
∫ 3
2 4 3
(a) d𝑥 (d) √ d𝑥 (g) √ d𝑥
1 𝑥2 4 𝑥 𝑥 0 3−𝑥
∫ ∞
∫ 25
∫ ∞
4 5 1
(b) d𝑥 (e) √ d𝑥 (h) d𝑥
4 𝑥5 0 𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥) 2
∫ −2
∫ 8
∫ ∞  
10 4 2 4
(c) d𝑥 (f) √ d𝑥 (i) + d𝑥
−∞ 𝑥3 4 𝑥−4 1 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2) 3

2. Show that none of the following improper integrals exists.

∫ ∞
∫ 9
∫ 2
6 12 5
(a) √ d𝑥 (c) √ d𝑥 (e) 1 (2𝑥 − 1) 2
d𝑥
4 𝑥 0 𝑥2 𝑥 2
∫ ∞
∫ ∞
∫ 25  
4 2 √ 1
(b) √ d𝑥 (d) √ d𝑥 (f) 𝑥 + 2 d𝑥
0 𝑥 𝑥 5 𝑥+4 0 𝑥

2
3. The function f is defined by f (𝑥) = for 𝑥 > −2.
(𝑥 + 2) 2
∫ ∞
(a) Find f(𝑥) d𝑥. [3]
1
d𝑦
(b) The equation of a curve is such that = f(𝑥). It is given that the point (−1, −1) lies on the curve.
d𝑥
Find the equation of the curve. [2]
[9709 w20 qp13 q2]

Exercise 8.4

Recommended time of completion: 3 hours 15 minutes.

1. (a) Sketch the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2) 2 . [1]

(b) The region enclosed by the curve, the 𝑥-axis and the 𝑦-axis is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. Find
the volume obtained, giving your answer in terms of 𝜋. [4]
[9709 s11 qp11 q3]

3
2. The function f is such that f (𝑥) = for 𝑥 ∈ R, 𝑥 ≠ −2.5.
2𝑥 + 5
(a) Obtain an expression for f ′ (𝑥) and explain why f is a decreasing function. [3]

(b) Obtain an expression for f −1 (𝑥). [2]

(c) A curve has the equation 𝑦 = f(𝑥). Find the volume obtained when the region bounded by the curve, the
coordinate axes and the line 𝑥 = 2 is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [4]
[9709 w09 qp12 q8]

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9
3. The equation of a curve is 𝑦 = .
2−𝑥
d𝑦
(a) Find an expression for and determine, with a reason, whether the curve has any stationary points. [3]
d𝑥
(b) Find the volume obtained when the region bounded by the curve, the coordinate axes and the line 𝑥 = 1
is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [4]

(c) Find the set of values of 𝑘 for which the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑘 intersects the curve at two distinct points. [4]
[9709 w10 qp11 q11]

4.

18
The diagram shows part of the graph of 𝑦 = and the normal to the curve at 𝑃 (6, 3). This normal meets the
𝑥
𝑥-axis at 𝑅. The point 𝑄 on the 𝑥-axis and the point 𝑆 on the curve are such that 𝑃𝑄 and 𝑆𝑅 are parallel to the
𝑦-axis.
(a) Find the equation of the normal at 𝑃 and show that 𝑅 is the point (4 21 , 0). [5]

(b) Show that the volume of the solid obtained when the shaded region 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 is rotated through 360◦ about
the 𝑥-axis is 18𝜋. [4]
[9709 s04 qp1 q7]
5.

9
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = , crossing the 𝑦-axis at the point 𝐵 (0, 3). The point 𝐴 on the
2𝑥 + 3
curve has coordinates (3, 1) and the tangent to the curve at 𝐴 crosses the 𝑦-axis at 𝐶.
(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at 𝐴. [4]

(b) Determine, showing all necessary working, whether 𝐶 is nearer to 𝐵 or to 𝑂. [1]

(c) Find, showing all necessary working, the exact volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated through
360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [4]
[9709 w12 qp12 q9]

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6.

√
The diagram shows the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 + 4.

(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point (0, 2). [4]

(b) Show that the 𝑥-coordinates of the points of intersection of the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 and the curve are given by
the equation (𝑥 + 2) 2 = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 + 4. Hence find these 𝑥-coordinates. [2]

(c) The region shaded in the diagram is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. Find the volume of revolution.
[4]

[9709 w13 qp13 q11]

7.

√
The diagram shows the curve 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1 and the points 𝑃 (0, 1) and 𝑄 (1, 2) on the curve. The shaded region
is bounded by the curve, the 𝑦-axis and the line 𝑦 = 2.

(a) Find the area of the shaded region. [4]

(b) Find the volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [4]

Tangents are drawn to the curve at the points 𝑃 and 𝑄.

(c) Find the acute angle, in degrees correct to 1 decimal place, between the two tangents. [4]

[9709 w08 qp1 q9]

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8. A curve has equation 𝑦 = (𝑘𝑥 − 3) −1 + (𝑘𝑥 − 3), where 𝑘 is a non-zero constant.

(a) Find the 𝑥-coordinates of the stationary points in terms of 𝑘, and determine the nature of each stationary
point, justifying your answers. [7]

(b)

The diagram shows part of the curve for the case when 𝑘 = 1. Showing all necessary working, find the
volume obtained when the region between the curve, the 𝑥-axis, the 𝑦-axis and the line 𝑥 = 2, shown
shaded in the diagram, is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [5]

[9709 w16 qp13 q11]

9.

The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1) 2 + (𝑥 + 1) −1 and the line 𝑥 = 1. The point 𝐴 is the minimum
point on the curve.
d2 𝑦
(a) Show that the 𝑥-coordinate of 𝐴 satisfies the equation 2(𝑥 + 1) 3 = 1 and find the exact value of at 𝐴.
d𝑥 2
[5]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the volume obtained when this shaded region is rotated through
360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [6]

[9709 s18 qp13 q11]

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10.

1
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = (1 + 4𝑥) 2 and a point 𝑃 (6, 5) lying on the curve. The line 𝑃𝑄
intersects the 𝑥-axis at 𝑄 (8, 0).

(a) Show that 𝑃𝑄 is a normal to the curve. [5]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the exact volume of revolution obtained when the shaded region is
rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [7]

[In part (b) you may find it useful to apply the fact that the volume, 𝑉, of a cone of base radius 𝑟 and
vertical height ℎ, is given by 𝑉 = 31 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ.]

[9709 w15 qp11 q11]

11.

The diagram shows a shaded region bounded by the 𝑦-axis, the line 𝑦 = −1 and the part of the curve
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 for which 𝑥 ⩾ −2.

(a) Express 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 in the form 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 𝑎) 2 + 𝑏, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are constants. Hence, for 𝑥 ⩾ −2,
express 𝑥 in terms of 𝑦. [4]

(b) Hence, showing all necessary working, find the volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated
through 360◦ about the 𝑦-axis. [3]

[9709 w19 qp11 q11]

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12.

12
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑥 = − 2. The shaded region is bounded by the curve, the 𝑦-axis and
𝑦2
the lines 𝑦 = 1 and 𝑦 = 2. Showing all necessary working, find the volume, in terms of 𝜋, when this shaded
region is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑦-axis. [5]

[9709 s16 qp11 q3]

13. (a)

Fig. 1 shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 1 and the line 𝑦 = ℎ, where ℎ is a constant.
(i) The shaded region is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑦-axis. Show that the volume of revolution, 𝑉,
is given by 𝑉 = 𝜋( 12 ℎ2 + ℎ). [3]

(ii) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region when ℎ = 3. [4]

(b)

Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of a bowl containing water. When the height of the water level is ℎ cm, the
volume, 𝑉 cm3 , of water is given by 𝑉 = 𝜋( 21 ℎ2 + ℎ). Water is poured into the bowl at a constant rate of
2 cm3 s−1 . Find the rate, in cm s−1 , at which the height of the water level is increasing when the height
of the water level is 3 cm. [4]
[9709 s17 qp13 q10]

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14.

The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = 21 (𝑥 4 − 1), defined for 𝑥 ⩾ 0.

(a) Find, showing all necessary working, the area of the shaded region. [3]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated through
360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. [4]

(c) Find, showing all necessary working, the volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated through
360◦ about the 𝑦-axis. [5]

[9709 w17 qp11 q10]

15.

√
The diagram shows the curve 𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥 meeting the 𝑥-axis at 𝐴 and the 𝑦-axis at 𝐵. The 𝑦-coordinate of
the point 𝐶 on the curve is 3.

(a) Find the coordinates of 𝐵 and 𝐶. [2]

(b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve at 𝐶. [4]

(c) Find the volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑦-axis. [5]

[9709 w11 qp11 q10]

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16.

6
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = . The points (1, 6) and (3, 2) lie on the curve. The shaded region
𝑥
is bounded by the curve and the lines 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥 = 1.

(a) Find the volume generated when the shaded region is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑦-axis. [5]

(b) The tangent to the curve at a point 𝑋 is parallel to the line 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 0. Show that 𝑋 lies on the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥.
[3]

[9709 s20 qp12 q8]

17.

√
The diagram shows the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 and the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1, meeting at (−1, 0) and (0, 1).

(a) Find the area of the shaded region. [5]

(b) Find the volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated through 360◦ about the 𝑦-axis. [7]

[9709 w11 qp13 q10]

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18.

𝑥 6
The diagram shows part of the curve 𝑦 = + . The line 𝑦 = 4 intersects the curve at the points 𝑃 and 𝑄.
2 𝑥
(a) Show that the tangents to the curve at 𝑃 and 𝑄 meet at a point on the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. [6]

(b) Find, showing all necessary working, the volume obtained when this shaded region is rotated through
360◦ about the 𝑥-axis. Give your answer in terms of 𝜋. [6]

[9709 s18 qp12 q11]

19.

4
The diagram shows the straight line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 intersecting the curve 𝑦 = at the points 𝐴 (1, 4) and 𝐵 (4, 1).
𝑥
Find, showing all necessary working, the volume obtained when the shaded region is rotated through 360◦
about the 𝑥-axis. [7]

[9709 s17 qp12 q6]

Answers

Exercise 8.1
1 6
1. (a) 2𝑥 + 13 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 (e) 1 4
4𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 − 8𝑥 2 + 𝑐 (i) 2
45 (5𝑥 − 2) 9 + 𝑐
4
(b) 1 4
− 21 𝑥 −2 + 𝑐 2 72 12 52 3 3
(j) − 16 (5 − 4𝑥) 3 + 𝑐
4𝑥 (f) 7𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 6𝑥 2 + 𝑐
3 3 5 3 √ 4
√
(c) − + − 4𝑥 + 𝑐 (g) 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 + 𝑐 (k) 3 3𝑥 − 2 + 𝑐
2𝑥 6 𝑥
1 12 9 5
(d) 31 𝑥 3 − + 2𝑥 + 𝑐 (h) 2𝑥 2 + − 4 +𝑐 (l) +𝑐
𝑥 𝑥 4𝑥 32(7 − 2𝑥) 4

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√ 4
2. (a) 𝑦 = 23 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 5 (c) 𝑦 = 6 𝑥 − 12 𝑥 2 + 2 (e) 𝑦 = +3
5 − 2𝑥
4 3 1
(b) 𝑦 = −𝑥+5 (d) 𝑦 = 12 (2𝑥 + 1) 2 − 2 (f) 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 6) 2 − 6
−3
𝑥2 𝑥

1 2 1 1 2 1 √
3. (a) 20 (2𝑥 − 1) 5 + 𝑐 (b) +𝑐 (c) 3 (𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 5) 6 + 𝑐 (d) 5 (2𝑥 𝑥 − 1) 5 + 𝑐
8 − 6𝑥 2

11 26 37 2
4. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) −3.5 (e) 5 (f) 0.8

√
5. 𝑦 = 5 𝑥 − 6

6. (a) 3 (b) 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5

7. 𝑎 = −6, 𝑏 = −9, 𝑘 = −30

− 12 − 23 3 1
8. (a) 19 , 9 (b) f ′′ (𝑥) = 32 𝑥 − 32 𝑥 , maximum at 𝑥 = 91 , minimum at 𝑥 = 9 (c) f (𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 +6𝑥 2 −10𝑥+5

√ − 32
9. (a) 𝑦 = 4 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 2 (b) (4, 6) (c) −𝑥 , maximum (d) 3

𝑏
10. (a) 𝑥 = − , maximum (b) f (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 7
𝑎

11. (a) 𝑦 = 12 𝑥 2 − 4
𝑥 +1 (b) 3

3 4 12 −1
12. (a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑥 2 + 1 (c) 𝑎 = 2, 𝐴𝐵 = 13
𝑎2 𝑎
√
13. (a) (8.5, 4.25) (b) 𝑦 = 16 − 4 6 − 2𝑥

8
14. (a) (2, 5) (b) 𝑦 = 5𝑥 + −9
𝑥
1
15. (a) 12 (4𝑥 + 1) 2 − 3
2 (b) −3 (c) − 23
6

16. (a) maximum (b) −12𝑥 −2 − 4𝑥 + 11 (c) (2, 12)

1 5 3
17. (a) 2 <𝑥< 2 (b) f (𝑥) = 2(2𝑥 − 1) 2 − 6𝑥 + 2

16
√
18. (a) −0.6 (b) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3 3𝑥 + 4 + 12

3
19. (a) 𝑦 = 16 (4𝑥 + 1) 2 + 1
2 (b) 0.02 (c) 2

1
20. (a) 6 (b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 − 6 (c) 45

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Exercise 8.2
11
1. (b) 3 , minimum (c) 270

2 4
2. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 3 (d) − 43

16 48
3. (a) 2 − , 4 (b) (2, 6) , minimum (d) 7
𝑥3 𝑥

4. (a) 𝑦 = − 65 𝑥 + 27
5 (b) 147
20

5. (a) 27 (b) (−1, 32) (c) −1 < 𝑥 < 3 (d) 33.75

6. (a) 1 23

7. 26

1 17
8. (a) 1 (b) f (𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + − 4 (c) 12 , 2 (d) 2 14
𝑥2
3 1
9. (a) 4 32 (b) 21 12

1 5 8
10. (a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 9

11. (a) 36 (b) 10 23 (c) 36 (d) 1

3

2 18 1
√ √
12. (a) √ − √ , 6( 4𝑥 + 1) 3 + 29 4𝑥 + 1 + 2 (b) (2, 6) (c) 1 13
4𝑥 + 1 ( 4𝑥 + 1) 3

3
13. (b) 𝑘 = 4

14. (a) 16(2𝑥 + 1) −3 , 𝑥 + 2(2𝑥 + 1) −1 + 𝑐 (b) (0, 14 ) (c) 9

16

9
15. (b) 4

√
16. (a) 𝐵 ( 54 , 0), 𝐶 (0, 34 ) (b) 1
4 17 (c) 3
40

27
17. (a) f ′ (𝑥) = 2 − 2(𝑥 + 1) −3 , f ′′ (𝑥) = 6(𝑥 + 1) −4 (b) 1.68 (c) 16

√
18. (a) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2 (b) 2.25 (c) 2

19. (a) 𝑦 = 38 𝑥 + 5
2 (b) 5
9 (c) 5
3

20. (a) ( 21 , 0) (b) 1

6

21. (a) 29.7◦ (b) 1

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Exercise 8.3
√
1. (a) 2 (d) 4 (g) 6 3
1
(b) 256 (e) 50 (h) 1
(c) − 54 (f) 16 (i) 20
9

2 2
3. (a) 3 (b) 𝑦 = − +1
𝑥+2

Exercise 8.4
32
1. (b) 5 𝜋
 
6 1 3
2. (a) − (b) 2 −5 (c) 1.26
(2𝑥 + 5) 2 𝑥
9 81
3. (a) (b) 2 𝜋 (c) 𝑘 < −8, 𝑘 > 4
(2 − 𝑥) 2
4. (a) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 9

5. (a) 9𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 15 (b) 𝐶 is nearer to 𝐵 (c) 9𝜋

11
6. (a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 (b) 0, −1, 1 (c) 5 𝜋

4
7. (a) 9 (b) 4.71 (c) 19.4◦

2 4 40
8. (a) 𝑥 = , maximum ; 𝑥 = , minimum (b) 3 𝜋
𝑘 𝑘

9. (a) 6 (b) 9.7𝜋

284
10. (b) 3 𝜋

1
11. (a) 𝑥 = −2 + (𝑦 + 1) 2 (b) 83 𝜋

12. 22𝜋

14 1
13. (a)(ii) 3 (b)
2𝜋
2 8
14. (a) 5 (b) 45 𝜋 (c) 31 𝜋

2
15. (a) 𝐵 (0, 1), 𝐶 (4, 3) (b) 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 15 (c) 15 𝜋

16. (a) 8𝜋

1
17. (a) 6 (b) 15 𝜋

32
18. (b) 3 𝜋

19. 9𝜋

24