1

THE CONJUGATION
/LA CONJUGAISON/

LET’S START ALL TOGETHER STUDYIND THE CONJUGATION AND YOU WILL
SEE BY YOURSELF THAT THIS ONE WILL BE SO FUN TO LEARN.

Commençons tous ensemble par étudier la conjugaison et vous verrez par vous-même que ceci
sera si amusant à apprendre.

YOU HAVE TO KNOW THAT THE CONJUGATION IS A VERY IMPORTANT PART

OF A LANGUAGE WHATEVER THIS ONE IS, THIS IS SO USEFUL TO LEARN AND
NOT ONLY OF LEARNING BUT ALSO YOU HAVE TO MUSTER IT VERY WELL,
THAT’S WHY IN KNOWING THAT WE HAVE TAKEN OUR OWN TIME TO WORK
ON THIS BOOK THAT MAY BE YOU GET IN YOUR HANDS ON THIS MOMENT,
TO HELP YOU ALL IN GETTING BETTER THE KNOWLEGDE OF HOW THE
CONJUGAITION IS FONCTIONING AND TO MASTER IT WITHOUT ANY
PROBLEMS.

THEN WITH THIS BOOK YOU’LL FEEL CONFORTABLE TO LEARN IT WITH

MORE EXAMPLES THOSE YOU WILL FIND IS TH.

WE HOPE SO THAT IN RUNNING THROUGH THIS ONE YOU WILL ENJOY IT

AND BEFORE GETTING AT THE END YOU WILL BE SATISFIED OF YOUR OWN
STUDYING YOU’VE UNDERTAKEN.
 2
ENJOY YOUR
STUDY WITH
SEYMOFIRM
 3
FIRST LESSON

ON THIS FIRST LESSON WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT THE ADJETIVES

AND ABOUT THE PRONOUNS.

Dans cette première Leçon nous allons parler des adjectifs et des
pronoms.

SUBJECT PRONOUNS OBJECT PRONOUNS

Les pronoms sujets Les pronoms objectifs

ME = MOI
I = JE
YOU = TOI, TE
YOU = TU
HIM = LUI, LE (masculin)
HE = IL
HER = HIM, LA, ELLE (féminin)
SHE = ELLE
IT = LUI, LA, LE, ça (neutre)
IT = LE, IL, ELLE (neutre)
US = NOUS
WE = NOUS
YOU = VOUS
YOU = VOUS
THEM = LES, EUX, ELLES
THEY = ILS, ELLES

EXPLANATION: IN ENGLISH THE SUJECT IT IS USED FOR THINGS AND

ANIMALS.

Explication: En anglais le sujet IT est utiliser pour les choses et les

animaux.
You are going to notice that in the
example, the first IT is used as an
JUST DO IT, BECAUSE IT IS
object pronoun and the second who is
THE RIGHT THING TO DO
conjugated with the verb to be, is also
used as a subject.

Vous allez remarquer dans l’example que, le

premier IT est utilisé comme un pronom objectif
et que le deuxième qui est conjugué avec le verbe
to be (être) est aussi utilisé comme un sujet.
 4

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES

Les adjectifs possessifs Les pronoms s possessifs

MY = MON, MA, MES MINE = le MIEN, LA MIENNE LES MIENS,

LES MIENNES
YOUR = TON, TA, TES
YOURS = le TIEN, LA TIENNE LES TIENS,
HIS = SON, sa, SES (masculin) LES TIENNES
HER = SON, sa, SES (féminin) HIS = le SIEN, LA SIENNE LES SIENS, LES
SIENNES (MASCULIN)
ITS = SON, sa, SES (neutre)
HERS = le SIEN, LA SIENNE LES SIENS,
OUR = NOTRE, NOS
LES SIENNES (féminin)
YOUR = VOTRE, VOS
ITS = le SIEN, LA SIENNE LES SIENS, LES
THEIR = LEUR, LEURS SIENNES (neutre)

OURS = LE NOTRE, LA NOTRE, LES

NOTRES

YOURS = le VOTRE, LA VOTRE, LES

REFLEXIVE PRONONS VOTRES

Les prônons réfléchies THEIRS = le LEUR, LA LEURLES LEURS

DO IT YOURSELF AND
TELL HIM OR HER TO
MYSELF = MOI-MEME DO THAT TOO.
YOURSELF = TOI-MEME
HIMSELF = LUI-MEME
HERSELF = ELLE-MEME
ITSELF = LUI, ELLE-MEME(Neutre)
OURSELVES = NOUS-MEME
Alright, dear brother
YOURSELVES = VOUS-MEME I’m going to do that
THEMSELVES = EUX-MEME so him / her is gonna
receive the message
ONESELF = SOI-MEME

Thank you so much sir,

for your disposition.

You are welcome.

 5
EXPLANATION: IN ENGLISH, SHE, HER, HERS ARE USED FOR TO DISCRIBE A
WOMAN WHEREAS HE, HIM, HIS ARE ALSO USED FOR TO
DISCRIBE A MAN AND IT, ITS ARE USED FOR DISCRIBING
OJECTS (animals, thinks).

SHE IS USED JUST AS A SUBJECT.

HER IS USED AS AN OBJECT AND AS A POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE.
HERS IS USED AS POSSESIVE PRONOUN.

EXEMPLES: SHE HAS MONEY,

THIS BOOK IS FOR HER,
I THINK THAT THOSE SHOES ARE HERS.

HE IS USED JUST AS A SUBJET

HIM IS USED AS AN OBJECT
HIS IS USED AS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE AND AS A POSSESIVE
PRONOUN.

EXEMPLES: HE HAS A CAR,

THESE PHONES ARE FOR HIM,
I THINK THAT, THIS WATCH IS HIS.

IT IS USED AS A SUBJECT AND AS AN OBJECT

ITS IS USED AS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE AND AS A POSSESIVE
PRONOUN.

EXEMPLES: IT WORKS,
DO IT VERY WELL,
I THINK THAT, THESE TOYS ARE ITS.
 6
AUXILIARY VERBS
LES VERBES AUXILIAIRES

WE HAVE TO KNOW THAT, IN ENGLISH WE HAVE SOME VERS WHO ARE CALLED
“AUXILIARY VERBS” AND THOSE WHO ARE JUST SIMPLE VERBS MEANS THAT THEY ARE
NOT AUXILIARY ONES.

NOUS DEVONS SAVOIR QUE, EN ANGLAIS NOUS AVONS CERTAINS VERBES QUI SONT
APPELLEES DES VERBES AUXILIAIRES ET CEUX-LA QUI SONT JUSTE DES SIMPLE VERBES QUI
VEUT DIRE QUE CES SONT DES VERBES QUI NE SONT PAS DES VERBES AUXILIAIRES.

AUXILIARY VERBS ARE HELPING US TO ASK FOR SOME QUESTIONS, CONJUGATING THE
NEGATION ONE VERB, MAKING THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE AND THE PAST PEFECT
TENSE (with the verb to have / had + the past participle of a verb chosen.) AND ARE
ALSO USEFUL FOR MAKING THE FUTURE TENSE AND THE CONDITIONAL MODE.

LES VERBES AUXILIAIRES NOUS AIDES A POSER CERTAINES QUESTIONS, DE CONJUGUER A LA

NEGATION UN VERBE, FAIRE LE PASSE COMPOSE ET LE PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT (avec le verbe avoir
au présent « a » / avait au passe + le participe passe du verbe choisie) ET SONT AUSSI UTILE POUR
FAIRE LE FUTURE ET AUSSI LE MODE CONDITIONNEL.

HERE ARE SOME OF THEM

AUXILIARY VERBS TRANSLATION IN FRENCH
TO HAVE AVOIR
TO BE ETRE
TO DO FAIRE
CAN POUVOIR
MUST DEVOIR
MAY POUVOIR
SHOULD DEVRAIS à la première personne du singulier
et du pluriel (mode conditionnel)
WOULD DEVRAIS pour you, he, she, it, they (mode
conditional)
SHALL Cet auxiliaire nous aide à conjuguer le
future et ce dernier est utilisé à la première
personne du singulier et du pluriel
WILL Cet auxiliaire nous aide à conjuguer le
future et ce dernier est utilisé pour you, he,
she, it, they

EXPALNATION: IN ENGLISH WE NORMALLY HAVE WHAT WE CALL THE PRESENT TENSE (infinitive)
OF A VERB, ITS PAST TENSE AND SO THAT ITS PAST PARTICIPLE.

EXPLICATION : EN ANGLAIS NOUS AVONS NORMALEMENT CE QU’ON APPELLE LE PRESENT

(infinitif) D’UN VERBE, SON INPARFAIT AINSI QUE SON PARTICIPE PASSEE.
 7

HERE IS THE LIST OF JUST SIX VERBS FOR SHOWING US TO WHAT THOSE ONES LOOK REALY
LIKE.

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

TO HAVE (avoir) HAD HAD
TO BE (etre) WAS/WERE BEEN
TO DO (faire) DID DONE
TO MAKE (faire, fabriquer) MADE MADE
OWE (devoir) OWED OWED
CAN (pouvoir) COULD COULD

IN CONJUGATING A VERB IN ENGLISH AND SO IN OTHER TONGUES, WE ALWAYS FIND WHAT WE

CALL “THE FORM OF A VERB”.

En conjuguant un verbe en anglais ainsi que dans d’autres langues, nous avons toujours ce
qu’on appelle « la forme d’un verbe »

SO NORMALLY WE HAVE FOUR OF THEM JUST SEE BELOW AND YOU ARE GONNA SEE THEM.

Alors normalement nous en avons quatre voyez juste en dessous et vou allez les voir.

Forms formes
AFFIRMATIVE-FORM FORME AFFIMATIVE
NEGATIVE-FORM FORME NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE-FORM FORME INTERROGATIVE
INTERRONEGATIVE-FROM FORME INTERRRONEGATIVE

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM: The affirmative-form is telling what is true, it’s giving the

affirmation of what we are talking about.
La forme-affirmative nous dit ce qui est vraie, ça nous donne l’affirmation de ce dont quoi nous
parlons.

NEGATIVE-FORM: The negative-form is contracting which has been said by the

affirmation and you have to know that the negation is made by the contraction “NOT”.
La forme négative est entrain de contredire ce qui a été dit par l’affirmation et vous devez savoir que la
négation est faite par la contraction « NOT ».

INTERROGATIVE-FORM: This form is there just for to ask some questions with and for
making it you have to take the affirmative, then just after you make the reverse. Who
means that the subject is gonna take the place of the verb and the verb is gonna take
the subject’s place and never forget to put the question mark (?) the end.
Cette forme est là juste pour poser avec quelques questions et pour le faire vous devez, prendre
l’affirmation, puis juste après vous faites l’inverse, qui veut dire que le sujet va prendre la place du verbe et
que le verbe va prendre la place du sujet et n’oubliez jamais de mettre le point d’interrogation (?) à la fin.

INTERRONEGATIVE-FROM: This form is like the previous one, we were explained but
here we gonna just add the negation or the contraction “NOT” reason why is called
interronegative-form.
Cette forme est comme le précèdent que nous étions en train d’expliquée mais ici nous allons juste ajouter la
négation soit la contraction « NOT » raison pour laquelle elle est appelé la forme interronégative.
EXEMPLES : I AM = je suis
I AM NOT= je ne suis pas I AM SEYNS AND I AM
LEARNING ENGLISH.
AM I? = suis-je?

AM I NOT ? = ne suis-je pas ?

 8

LET’S NOW TALK CONCERNING THE MODES IN ENGLISH

YOU HAVE TO KNOW THAT IN ENGLISH WE HAVE THREE (3) MODES.

LET’S GET A LOOK ON THEM

MODES (ENGLISH) MODES (FRENCH)

INDICATIVE-MODE MODE INDICATIF
CONDITIONNAL-MODE MODE CONDITIONNEL
PARTICIPLE-MODE MODE PARTICIPE

THE INDICATIVE MODE IS MADE BY WHAT WE ARE JUST SHOWING BELOW ON THE TAB
LE MODE INDICATIF EST FAIT PAR CES QUI EST MONTRER DANS LE TABLEAU

ENLISH FRENCH
PRESENT-TENSE TEMP PRESENT
PAST-TENSE IMPARFAIT
FUTURE-TENSE FUTURE
PRESENT-PERFECT-TENSE PASSE COMPOSE
PAST-PERFECT-TENSE PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT
FUTURE-PERFECT FUTURE-ANTERIEUR

THE CONDITIONAL MODE IS MADE BY WHAT WE ARE JUST SHOWING BELOW ON THE
TAB
LE MODE CONDITIONNEL EST FAIT PAR CES QUI EST MONTRER DANS LE TABLEAU

ENLISH FRENCH
PRESENT-TENSE TEMP PRESENT

SO ANOTHER THING YOU HAVE TO KNOW IS THAT THE CONDITIONAL IS USED OR CONJUGATED
WITH TWO AUXILIARY VERBS.

Alors autre chose que vous devez savoir est que le conditionnel est utilisé avec deux auxiliaires.

The first one is the auxiliary should who’s used just for the first person of
singular and the first one of plural.
Le tout premier c’est SHOULD qui est utilisé juste pour la première personne du singulier et la
première personne du plurielle.
The second one is the auxiliary would who’s used just for the second and third
person of singular and also for the second and third one of plural.

Le deuxième c’est Would qui est utilisé juste pour la deuxième et la troisième personne du singulier
et aussi pour la deuxième et la troisième personne du plurielle.
 9

THE PARTICIPLE MODE IS MADE BY WHAT WE ARE JUST SHOWING BELOW ON THE
TAB
LE MODE PARTICIPE EST FAIT PAR CES QUI EST MONTRER DANS LE TABLEAU

ENLISH FRENCH
PRESENT-TENSE TEMP PRESENT

TO IS THE INFITIVE OF A VERB, ONLY TO THE PRESENT-TENSE.

TO EST L’INFINITIF D’UN VERB, SEULEMENT AU PRESENT.

THE VERB TO BE
Le verbe être

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

TO BE (etre) WAS/WERE BEEN

THIS VERB IS A LITTLE COMPLICATED BECAUSE IT IS CHANGING THE FORM MOST OF THE TIME, LIKE FOR
THE PRESENT-TENSE AND FOR THE PAST-TENSE.

FOR THE PRESENT-TENSE; THE FIRST PERSON OF SINGULAR IS CONJUGATED WITH “AM [eim]” THE
SECOND ONE IS CONJUGATED WITH ARE [a : r] AND SO THAT FOR THE FIRST PERSON, THE SECOND AND
THE THIRD ONES OF PLURAL ARE ALSO CONJUGATED WITH ARE [a : r] AND FOR THE THIRD PERSON OF
SINGULAR WE ALWAYS USE IS [iz].

FOR THE PAST-TENSE; WE ALWAYS USE WAS [wo-oz] FOR THE FISRT AND THE THIRD PERSON OF
SINGULAR, WERE [oue-er] IS USED FOR THE SECOND PERSON OF SINGULAR AND FOR ALL THOSE OF
PLURAL.
CE VERBE EST UN PEU COMPLIQUER PARCE QU’IL CHANGE DE FORME LA PLUPART DU TEMPS, COMME POUR LE PRESENT
ET L’IMPARFAIT.

POUR LE PRESENT ; LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU SINGULIER EST CONJUGUE AVEC AM [eim] = SUIS LA DEUXIEME PERSONNE
EST CONJUGUE AVEC ARE [a : r] = ES AINSI QUE LA PREMIERE, LA DEUXIME ET LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU PLURIELLE SONT
AUSSI CONJUGUE AVEC ARE [a : r] = SONT ET POUR LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU SINGULIER NOUS UTILISONS TOUJOURS
IS |iz] = EST.

POUR L’IMPARFAIT ; NOUS UTILISONS TOUJOURS WAS [wo-oz] = ETAIS, ETAIT POUR LA PREMIERE ET LA TROISIEME
PERSONNE DU SINGULIER, WHERE [oue-er] = ETAIS, ETIEZ, ETIONS, ETAIENT EST UTILISER POUR LA DEUXIEME PERSONNE
DU SINGULIER ET POUR TOUT CEUX DU PLURILLE.

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PRESENT TENSE = TEMPS PRESENT
 10

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I AM : je suis I’M [am]

You are : tu es YOU’RE [u: r]

HE IS : il est HE’S [I ‘z]

SHE IS : elle est SHE’S [shI ‘z]

IT IS : il / elle est (objets) IT’S [it ‘z]

WE ARE : nous sommes WE’RE [wI :r]

YOU ARE : vous êtes YOU’RE [u: r]

THEY ARE : ils / elles sont THEY’RE [dei :r]

I’M HERE BECAUSE I WANT TO TELL

YOU THAT ENGLISH IS VERY
IMPORTANT FOR YOU.

JE SUIS ICI PARCE QUE JE VAIS TE DIRE QUE

L’ANGLAIS EST TRES IMPORTANT POUR TOI

YES, I THING SO YOU MAY BE RIGHT

DEAR SISTER I SHALL FOLLOW YOUR
ADVICE...
AND ALL MY KIDS ARE STUDYING
ENGLISH.

OUI, JE CROIS QUE TU AS PEUT ETRE RAISON JE VAIS

SUIVRE TON CONSEIL

ET TOUT MES ENFANTS SONT ENTRAIN D’ETUDIER

L’ANGLAIS.
 11
NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I AM NOT : je ne suis pas I’M NOT

You ARE NOT : tu n’es pas YOU AREN’T

HE IS NOT : il n’est pas HE ISN’T

SHE IS NOT : elle n’est pas SHE ISN’T

IT IS NOT : il / elle n’est pas (objets) IT ISN’T

WE ARE NOT : nous ne sommes pas WE AREN’T

YOU ARE NOT : vous n’êtes pas YOU AREN’T

THEY ARE NOT : ils / elles ne sont pas THEY AREN’T

YOU HAVE TO KNOW THAT AIN’T [ein’t] IS ALSO ANOTHER WAY OF SAYING I’M NOT.

Vous devez savoir que AIN’T [ein’t] = je ne suis pas est une autre façon de dire I’M NOT = je ne suis
pas.

I’M NOT HERE FOR YOU, BUT IF YOU

WANNA ME TO STAY, I’M GONNA
STAY AND IF YOU DON’T WANT TO, I
CAN JUST LEAVE YOU ALONE.

JE NE SUIS PAS ICI POUR TOI, MAIS SI TU VEUX

QUE JE RESTE, JE VAIS RESTER ET SI TU NE VEUX
PAS, JE PEUX TOUT JUSTE TE LAISSER
TRANQUILLE.
BUT… HOW CAN YOU SAY THINGS
LIKE THAT YOU TOLD ME THAT YOU
WERE ABOUT TO COME HERE FOR
TO PAY ME VISIT BUT NOW YOU
CHANGE I DON’T BELIEVE IT.

MAIS… COMMENT EST-CE-QUE TU PEUX DIRE DES

CHOSES PAREILLE, TU M’AS DIT QUE TU ETAIS SUR LE
POINT DE VENIR ICI ME VISITER ET LA TU CHANGES JE
NE LE CROIS PAS.
 12
INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
AM I ? : suis-je ?

ARE YOU ? : es-tu?

IS HE ? : est-il?
No short-form for the
IS SHE ? : est-elle ? interrogative-form

IS IT ? : est-il / elle ? (Objets) Pas de forme courte pour la forme-

interrogative
ARE WE ? : sommes-nous ?

ARE YOU ? : êtes-vous ?

ARE THEY ? : sont- ils / elles ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
AM I NOT ? : ne suis-je pas ? AIN’T I ?

ARE YOU NOT ? : n’es-tu pas? AREN’T YOU ?

IS HE NOT ? : n’est-il pas? ISN’T HE ?

IS SHE NOT ? : n’est-elle pas ? ISN’T SHE ?

IS IT NOT ? : n’est-il / elle pas ? (Objects) ISN’T IT ?

ARE WE NOT ? : ne sommes-nous pas ? AREN’T WE ?

ARE YOU NOT ? : n’êtes-vous pas ? AREN’T YOU ?

ARE THEY NOT ? : ne sont- ils / elles pas ? AREN’T THEY ?

 13

ARE YOU TELLING ME THE

TRUTH? BECAUSE I DON’T
BELIEVE IT.

ES-TU EN TRAIN DE ME DIRE LA

VERITE ? PARCE QUE MOI JE NE LE
CROIS PAS.

YES, I’M AND YOU HAVE TO

KNOW THIS, DAD IS GONNA
BE HERE IN ABOUT JUST TEN
MINUTES.

OUI, JE TE DIT LA VERITE ET TU DOIS SAVOIR

CECI, PAPA VA ETRE ICI DANS A PEU-PRES10
MINUTES.

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PAST-TENSE = IMPARFAIT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I WAS = J’ETAIS
YOU WERE = TU ETAIS
HE WAS = IL ETAIT
No short-form for the
SHE WAS = ELLE ETAIT
interrogative-form
IT WAS = IL, ELLE ETAIT
Pas de forme courte pour la forme-
WE WERE = NOUS ETIONS interrogative
YOU WERE = VOUS ETIEZ
THEY WERE = ILS, ELLES ETAIENT
 14
NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I WAS NOT = JE N’ETAIS PAS I WASN’T

YOU WERE NOT = TU N’ETAIS PAS YOU WEREN’T
HE WAS NOT = IL N’ETAIS PAS HE WASN’T
SHE WAS NOT = ELLE N’ETAIT PAS SHE WASN’T
IT WAS NOT = IL, ELLE N’ETAIT PAS IT WASN’T
WE WERE NOT = NOUS N’ETIONS PAS WE WEREN’T
YOU WERE NOT = VOUS N’ETIEZ PAS YOU WEREN’T
THEY WERE NOT = ILS, ELLES N’ETAIENT PAS THEY WEREN’T

SHE WASN’T THERE YESTERDAY WHEN THAT

MURDER WAS COMMITTED BUT IF THE COURT
ASKS FOR THE PROOFS WE’VE GOT THE FILM
OF THAT MURDER CUZ THAT ONE HAPPENED
NIGH TO THE SHOP OF MISTER JOJO.

ELLE N’ETAIT PAS LA HIER LORSQUE CE MEURTRE ETAIT COMMIS

MAIS SI LA COURT DEMANDE LES PREUVES NOUS AVONS OBTENUE
LE FILM DE CE MEURTRE-LA PARCE QUE, CE DENIER C’EST PASSE A
PROXIMITE DU MAGASIN DE MONSIEUR JOJO.

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 15

WAS I ? = ETAIS-JE ?
WERE YOU ? = ETAIS-TU ?
WAS HE ? = ETAIT-IL ? No short-form for the
interrogative-form
WAS SHE ? = ETAIT-ELLE ?
WAS IT ? = ETAIT-IL, ELLE ? Pas de forme courte pour la forme-
interrogative
WERE WE ? = ETIONS-NOUS ?
WERE YOU ? = ETIEZ-VOUS ?
WERE THEY ? = ETAIENT-ILS, ELLES ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

WAS I NOT ? = N’ETAIS-JE PAS ? WASN’T I ?

WERE YOU NOT ? = N’ETAIS-TU PAS ? WEREN’T YOU ?
WAS HE NOT ? = N’ETAIT-IL PAS ? WASN’T HE ?
WAS SHE NOT ? = N’ETAIT-ELLE PAS ? WASN’T SHE ?
WAS IT NOT ? = N’ETAIT-IL, ELLE PAS ? WASN’T IT ?
WERE WE NOT ? = N’ETIONS-NOUS PAS ? WEREN’T WE ?
WERE YOU NOT ? = N’ETIEZ-VOUS PAS ? WEREN’T YOU ?
WERE THEY NOT ? = N’ETAIENT-ILS, ELLES PAS ? WEREN’T THEY ?

WHERE YOU AT SEYNS’S

PARTY YESTERDAY
NIGHT?

ETAIS-TU A LA FETE DE SEYNS HIER SOIR ?

 16

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PRESENT-PERFECT-TENSE = PASSE COMPOSE

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I HAVE BEEN = J’AI ETE I’VE BEEN

YOU HAVE BEEN = TU AS ETE YOU’VE BEEN
HE HAS BEEN = IL A ETE HE’S BEEN
SHE HAS BEEN = ELLE A ETE SHE’S BEEN
IT HAS BEEN = IL, ELLE A ETE IT’S BEEN
WE HAVE BEEN = NOUS AVONS ETE WE’VE BEEN
YOU HAVE BEEN = VOUS AVEZ ETE YOU’VE BEEN
THEY HAVE BEEN = ILS, ELLES ONT ETE THEY’VE BEEN

I’VE BEEN IN DRC FOR SOME STUFFS THERE

ARE FIVE YEARS AGO AND NOW I WANT TO GO
BACK THERE AGAIN FOR TO MEET THE
CHILDREN OF MY OLD SISTER WHO’S THE
SECOND IN ALL MY BROTHERS AND SISTERS.

J’AI ETE EN RDC POUR DES AFFAIRES IL Y’A CINQ ANS ET

MAINTENANT J’AIMERAIS Y RETOURNER ENCORE POUR
RENCONTRER LES ENFANTS DE MA GRANDE SŒUR QUI EST
LA DEUXIEME D’ENTRE TOUT MES FRERES ET SŒURS.

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 17

I HAVE NOT BEEN = JE N’AI PAS ETE I HAVEN’T BEEN

YOU HAVE NOT BEEN = TU N’AS PAS ETE YOU HAVEN’T BEEN
HE HAS NOT BEEN = IL N’A PAS ETE HE HASN’T BEEN
SHE HAS NOT BEEN = ELLE N’A PAS ETE SHE HASN’T BEEN
IT HAS NOT BEEN = IL, ELLE N’A PAS ETE IT HASN’T BEEN
WE HAVE NOT BEEN = NOUS N’AVONS PAS ETE WE HAVEN’T BEEN
YOU HAVE NOT BEEN = VOUS N’AVEZ PAS ETE YOU HAVEN’T BEEN
THEY HAVE NOT BEEN = ILS, ELLES N’ONT PAS ETE THEY HAVEN’T BEEN

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAVE I BEEN? = AI-JE ETE?

HAVE YOU BEEN? = AS-TU ETE?
No short-form for the
HAS HE BEEN? = A-T-IL ETE?
interrogative-form
HAS SHE BEEN? = A-T-ELLE ETE?
Pas de forme courte pour la
HAS IT BEEN? = A-T-IL, ELLE ETE? forme-interrogative
HAVE WE BEEN? = AVONS-NOUS ETE?
HAVE YOU BEEN? = AVEZ-VOUS ETE?
HAVE THEY BEEN? = ONT-ILS, ELLES ETE ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 18

HAVE I NOT BEEN? = N’AI-JE PAS ETE? HAVEN’T I BEEN?

HAVE YOU NOT BEEN? = N’AS-TU PAS ETE? HAVEN’T YOU BEEN?
HAS HE NOT BEEN? = N’A-T-IL PAS ETE? HASN’T HE BEEN?
HAS SHE NOT BEEN? = N’A-T-ELLE PAS ETE? HASN’T SHE BEEN?
HAS IT NOT BEEN? = N’A-T-IL, ELLE ETE? HASN’T IT BEEN?
HAVE WE NOT BEEN? = N’AVONS-NOUS PAS ETE? HAVEN’T WE BEEN?
HAVE YOU NOT BEEN? = N’AVEZ-VOUS PAS ETE? HAVEN’T YOU BEEN?
HAVE THEY NOT BEEN? = N’ONT-ILS, ELLES PAS ETE ? HAVEN’T THEY BEEN?

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PAST-PERFECT-TENSE = PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I HAD BEEN = J’AVAIS ETE I’D BEEN

YOU HAD BEEN = TU AVAIS ETE YOU’D BEEN
HE HAD BEEN = IL AVAIT ETE HE’D BEEN
SHE HAD BEEN = ELLE AVAIT ETE SHE’D BEEN
IT HAD BEEN = IL, ELLE AVAIT ETE IT’D BEEN
WE HAD BEEN = NOUS AVIONS ETE WE’D BEEN
YOU HAD BEEN = VOUS AVIEZ ETE YOU’D BEEN
THEY HAD BEEN = ILS, ELLES AVAIENT ETE THEY’D BEEN

THEY HAD BEEN IN THAT

ROOM EVEN WHEN YOU’D
BANNED THEM TO GET IN ILS AVAIENT ETE DANS CETTE CHAMBRE
MEME LORSQUE TU LES AVAIENT INTERDIE
D’Y ENTRER
 19
NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I HAD NOT BEEN = JE N’AVAIS PAS ETE I HADN’T BEEN

YOU HAD NOT BEEN = TU N’AVAIS PAS ETE YOU HADN’T BEEN
HE HAD NOT BEEN = IL N’AVAIT PAS ETE HE HADN’T BEEN
SHE HAD NOT BEEN = ELLE N’AVAIT PAS ETE SHE HADN’T BEEN
IT HAD NOT BEEN = IL, ELLE N’AVAIT PAS ETE IT HADN’T BEEN
WE HAD NOT BEEN = NOUS N’AVIONS PAS ETE WE HADN’T BEEN
YOU HAD NOT BEEN = VOUS N’AVIEZ PAS ETE YOU HADN’T BEEN
THEY HAD NOT BEEN = ILS, ELLES N’AVAIENT PAS ETE THEY HADN’T BEEN

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAD I BEEN? = AVAIS-JE ETE?

HAD YOU BEEN? = AVAIS-TU ETE?
HAD HE BEEN? = AVAIT-T-IL ETE ?
HAD SHE BEEN ? = AVAIT-T-ELLE ETE ?
No short-form for the
HAD IT BEEN ? = AVAIT-T-IL, ELLE ETE ? interrogative-form
HAD WE BEEN? = AVIONS-NOUS ETE? Pas de forme courte pour la
HAD YOU BEEN? = AVIEZ-VOUS ETE? forme-interrogative
HAD THEY BEEN? = AVAIENT-ILS, ELLES ETE?
 20
INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAD I NOT BEEN? = N’AVAS-JE PAS ETE? HADN’T I BEEN?

HAD YOU NOT BEEN? = N’AVAIS-TU PAS ETE? HADN’T YOU BEEN?
HAD HE NOT BEEN? = N’AVAIT-T-IL PAS ETE? HADN’T HE BEEN?
HAD SHE NOT BEEN? = N’A-VAITT-ELLE PAS ETE? HADN’T SHE BEEN?
HAD IT NOT BEEN? = N’AVAIT-T-IL, ELLE ETE? HADN’T IT BEEN?
HAD WE NOT BEEN? = N’AVIONS-NOUS PAS ETE? HADN’T WE BEEN?
HAD YOU NOT BEEN? = N’AVIEZ-VOUS PAS ETE? HADN’T YOU BEEN?
HAD THEY NOT BEEN? = N’AVAIENT-ILS, ELLES PAS ETE ? HADN’T THEY BEEN?

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

FUTURE-TENSE = LE FUTURE

WE FORM THE FUTURE-TENSE IN ENGLISH WITH « SHALL, WILL + VERB »; BUT

WE CONJUGATE « SHALL » FOR THE FIRST PERSON OF SINGULAR AND THE
PLURAL ONE.
ON FORME LE TEMPS FUTUR EN ANGLAIS AVEC « SHALL, WILL + VERBE » ; MAIS NOUS
CONJUGUONS « SHALL » A LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ET A LA PREMIERE
PERSONNE DU PLURIEL.

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 21

I SHALL BE = JE SERAI I’LL BE

YOU WILL BE = TU SERAS YOU’LL BE
SHE WILL BE = IL SERA HE’LL BE
HE WILL BE = ELLE SERA SHE’LL BE
IT WILL BE = IL / ELLE SERA IT’LL BE
WE SHALL BE = NOUS SERONS WE’LL BE
YOU WILL BE = VOUS SEREZ YOU’LL BE
THEY WILL BE = ILS / ELLS SERONT THEY’LL BE

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I SHALL NOT BE = JE NE SERAI PAS I SHAN’T BE

YOU WILL NOT BE = TU NE SERAS PAS YOU WON’T BE
HE WILL NOT BE = IL NE SERA PAS HE WON’T BE
SHE WILL NOT BE = ELLE NE SERA PAS SHE WON’T BE
IT WILL NOT BE = IL / ELLE, SERA PAS IT WON’T BE
WE SHALL NOT BE = NOUS NE SERONS PAS WE SHAN ‘T BE
YOU WILL NOT BE = VOUS NE SEREZ PAS YOU WON’T BE
THEY WILL NOT BE = ILS / ELLS NE SERONT PAS THEY WON’T BE

I THINK THAT TOMORROW

MORNING ME AND ALL MY
FRIENDS WE SHALL BE AT
CHURCH.

JE PENSE QUE DEMAIN MATIN MOI ET TOUS MES

AMIS NOUS SERONS A L’EGLISE
 22
INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

SHALL I BE ? = SERAI-JE ?
WILL YOU BE ? = SERAS-TU ?
WILL HE BE ? = SERA-T-IL ?
WILL SHE BE ? = SERA-T-ELLE ?
No short-form for the interrogative-
WILL IT BE ? = SERA-T-IL / ELLE ? form
SHALL WE BE ? = SERONS-NOUS ? Pas de forme courte pour la forme-
WILL YOU BE ? = SEREZ-VOUS ? interrogative
WILL THEY BE ? = SERONT-ILS / ELLES ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
SHALL I NOT BE ? = NE SERAI-JE PAS ? SHAN’T I BE?
WILL YOU NOT BE ? = NE SERAS-TU PAS? WON’T YOU BE?
WILL HE NOT BE ? = NE SERA-T-IL PAS ? WON’T HE BE?
WILL SHE NOT BE ? = NE SERA-T-ELLE PAS ? WON’T SHE BE?
WILL IT NOT BE ? = NE SERA-T-IL / ELLE PAS? WON’T IT BE?
SHALL WE NOT BE ? = NE SERONS-NOUS PAS? SHAN ‘T WE BE?
WILL YOU NOT BE ? = NE SEREZ-VOUS PAS? WON’T YOU BE?
WILL THEY NOT BE ? = NE SERONT-ILS / ELLES PAS? WON’T THEY BE?
 23

WILL YOU BE STUDYING

WHETHER I GIVE YOU
ENGLISH COURSE?

SEREZ-VOUS ENTRAIN D’ETUDIER SI JE VOUS

DONNE LE COURS D’ANGLAIS ?

CONDITIONAL-MODE = MODE CONDITIONNEL

PRESENT-TENSE = TEMPS PRESENT

WE FORM THE CONDITIONAL-MODE IN ENGLISH WITH « SHOULD, WOULD +

VERB »; BUT WE CONJUGATE « SHOULD » FOR THE FIRST PERSON OF SINGULAR
AND THE PLURAL ONE.
ON FORME LE MODE CONDITIONNEL EN ANGLAIS AVEC « SHOULD, WOULD + VERBE » ;
MAIS NOUS CONJUGUONS « SHOULD » A LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ET A
LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU PLURIEL.

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I SHOULD BE = JE SERAIS / JE DEVRAIS ETRE I’D BE

YOU WOULD BE = TU SERAIS / TU DEVRAIS ETRE YOU’D BE
HE WOULD BE = IL SERAIT / IL DEVRAIT ETRE HE’D BE
SHE WOULD BE = ELLE SERAIT / ELLE DEVRAIT ETRE SHE’D BE
IT WOULD BE = IL / ELLE SERAIT / ça DEVRAIT ETRE IT’D BE
WE SHOULD BE = NOUS SERIONS / NOUS DEVRIONS ETRE WE’D BE
YOU WOULD BE = VOUS SERIEZ / VOUS DEVRIEZ ETRE YOU’D BE
THEY WOULD BE = ILS / ELLES SERAIENT / ILS / ELLES DEVRAIENT ETRE THEY’D BE

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE
 24
FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I SHOULDN’T BE
I SHOULD NOT BE = JE NE DEVRAIS PAS ETRE
YOU WOULDN’T BE
YOU WOULD NOT BE = TU NE DEVRAIS PAS ETRE
HE WOULDN’T BE
HE WOULD NOT BE = IL NE DEVRAIT PAS ETRE
SHE WOULD NOT BE = ELLE NE DEVRAIT PAS ETRE SHE WOULDN’T BE
IT WOULD NOT BE = ça NE DEVRAIT PAS ETRE IT WOULDN’T BE
WE SHOULD NOT BE = NOUS NE DEVRIONS PAS ETRE WE SHOULDN’T BE
YOU WOULD NOT BE = VOUS NE DEVRIEZ PAS ETRE YOU WOULDN’T BE
THEY WOULD NOT BE = ILS/ELLES NE DEVRAIENT PAS ETRE THEY WOULDN’T BE

I SHOULD NORMALLY BE THE ONE

WHO HAD TO TAKE THAT HOUSE
CUZ DADDY LET IT TO ME AS HE
KNEW THAT I’M THE FIRST BORN IN
THIS FAMILY

JE DEVRAIS NORLEMANT ETRE LA PERSONNE QUI

DEVAIS PRENDRE CETTE MAISON LA PARCE QUE
PAPA ME L’AVAIT LAISSE COMME IL SAVAIT QUE JE
SUIS LE PREMIER NE DE CETTE FAMILLE.

I SHOULD NOT BE HERE IF I CAME

IT’S ONLY BECAUSE OF DAD IF IT
WASN’T THE CASE I SHOULD JUSTE
STAY HOME PLAYING EVEN A GAME

JE NE DEVRAIS PAS ETRE ICI SI JE SUIS VENUE C’EST

SEULMENT A CAUSE DE PAPA SI C’ETAIT PAS LE CAS
JE SERAIS JUSTE RESTER A LA MAISON EN TRAIN DE
JOUER AU JEUX.
 25
INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

SHOULD I BE ? = DEVRAIS-JE ETRE ?

WOULD YOU BE ? = DEVRAIS-TU ETRE ?
WOULD HE BE ? = DEVRAIT-IL ETRE ? No short-form for the
interrogative-form
WOULD SHE BE ? = DEVRAIT-ELLE ETRE ?
WOULD IT BE ? = CA DEVRAIT ETRE ? Pas de forme courte pour la
forme-interrogative
SHOULD WE BE ? = DEVRIONS-NOUS ETRE ?
WOULD YOU BE ? = DEVRIEZ-VOUS ETRE ?
WOULD THEY BE ? = DEVRAIENT-ILS, ELLES ETRE ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

SHOULD I NOT BE ? = NE DEVRAIS-JE PAS ETRE ? SHOULDN’T I BE ?

WOULD YOU NOT BE ? = NE DEVRAIS-TU PAS ETRE ? WOULDN’T YOU BE ?
WOULD HE NOT BE ? = NE DEVRAIT-IL PAS ETRE ? WOULDN’T HE BE ?
WOULD SHE NOT BE ? = NE DEVRAIT-ELLE PAS ETRE ? WOULDN’T SHE BE ?
WOULD IT NOT BE ? = CA NE DEVRAIT PAS ETRE ? WOULDN’T IT BE ?
SHOULD WE NOT BE ? = NE DEVRIONS-NOUS PAS ETRE ? SHOULDN’T WE BE ?
WOULD YOU NOT BE ? = NE DEVRIEZ-VOUS PAS ETRE ? WOULDN’T YOU BE ?
WOULD THEY NOT BE ? = NE DEVRAIENT-ILS/ELLES PAS ETRE ? WOULDN’T THEY BE ?

SHOULD I BE THERE
OR SHOULDN’T I BE ?

DEVRAIS-JE ETRE LA OU NE
DEVRAIS-JE PAS ETRE ? YES, YOU HAVE TO
BE THERE PLEASE

OUI, TU DOIS ETRE LA STP.

 26
FUTURE-PERFECT FUTURE-ANTERIEUR

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I SHALL HAVE BEEN = J’AURAI ETE I’LL HAVE BEEN

YOU’LL HAVE BEEN
YOU WILL HAVE BEEN = TU AURA ETE
HE’LL HAVE BEEN
HE WILL HAVE BEEN = IL AURA ETE
SHE’LL HAVE BEEN
SHE WILL HAVE BEEN = ELLE AURA ETE
IT’LL HAVE BEEN
IT WILL HAVE BEEN = IL / ELLE AURA ETE
WE’LL HAVE BEEN
WE SHALL HAVE BEEN = NOUS AURONS ETE
YOU’LL HAVE BEEN
YOU WILL HAVE BEEN = VOUS AUREZ ETE
THEY’LL HAVE BEEN
THEY WILL HAVE BEEN = ILS / ELLES AURONT ete

I SHALL HAVE BEEN THE

FIRST ONE IN THAT
CONTEST, MAY BE I
MUST WORK AS HARD AS
I DID BEFORE

J’AURAI ETE LE PREMIER DANS CETTE COMPETITION, PEUT

ETRE QUE JE DOIS TRAVAILLER AUSSI DUR QU’AVANT

THE VERB TO HAVE

Le verbe avoir

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

TO HAVE (avoir) HAD HAD

THIS VERB IS NOT COMPLICATED LIKE THE ABVIOULY ONE WE HAVE SEEN BECAUSE THIS IS NOT CHANGING
THE FORM MOST OF THE TIME, LIKE FOR THE PRESENT-TENSE AND FOR THE PAST-TENSE.
CE VERBE N’EST PAS COMPLIQUE COMME LE PRECEDENT QU’ON A VU PARCE QUE CELUI-CI NE CHANGE PAS THE
FORM LA PLUPART DU TEMPS, COMME POUR LE PRESENT ET L’IMPARFAIT.

YOU HAVE TO KNOW THAT FOR THE THIRD PERSON OF SINGULAR WE ALWAYS USE HAS [az]
VOUS DEVEZ SAVOIR QUE POUR LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ON UTILISE TOUJOURS HAS [az] = a
 27
INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF
PRESENT TENSE = TEMPS PRESENT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I HAVE = J’AI I’VE

YOU HAVE = TU AS YOU’VE

HE HAS = IL A HE’S

SHE HAS = ELLE A SHE’S

IT HAS = IL/ELLE A (Neutre) IT’S

WE HAVE = NOUS AVONS WE’VE

YOU HAVE = VOUS AVEZ YOU’VE

THEY HAVE = ILS/ELLES ONT THEY’VE

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I HAVE NOT = JE N’AI PAS I HAVEN’T

YOU HAVE NOT = TU N’AS PAS YOU HAVEN’T

HE HAS NOT = IL N’A PAS HE HASN’T

SHE HAS NOT = ELLE N’A PAS SHE HASN’T

IT HAS NOT = IL/ELLE N’A PAS (Neutre) IT’S HASN’T

WE HAVE NOT = NOUS N’AVONS PAS WE HAVEN’T

YOU HAVE NOT = VOUS N’AVEZ PAS YOU HAVEN’T

THEY HAVE NOT = ILS/ELLES N’ONT PAS THEY HAVEN’T

 28
TODAY I HAVEN’T TOO MUCH MONEY
BUT I NEED TO BUY SOMETHING, SO I
CAN ASK TO MISTER SEYNS, IF HE
CAN GIVE TO ME EVEN FIVE DOLLARS.

AUJOURD’HUI JE N’AI PAS BEAUCOUP D’ARGENT

MAIS J’AI BESOIN DE PAYER QUELQUE CHOSE,
ALORS JE PEUX DEMANDER A MONSIEUR SEYNS,
S’IL PEUX ME DONNER MEME CINQ DOLLARS.

SHE HAS, A LOT OF CARS, AND

THEN IN HER COUNTRY SOMEONE
LIKE HER IS CALLED THE QUEEN.

ELLE A BEAUCOUP DES VOITURES, ET ALORS

UNE PERSONNE COMME ELLE EST APPELER LA
REINE DANS SON PAYS.

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAVE I ? = AI-JE ?
HAVE YOU ? = AS-TU ?
No short-form for the
HAS HE ? = A-T-IL ?
interrogative-form
HAS SHE ? = A-T-ELLE ?
HAS IT ? = A-T-IL/ELLE ? Pas de forme courte pour la
HAVE WE ? = AVONS-NOUS ? forme-interrogative
HAVE YOU ? = AVEZ-VOUS ?
HAVE THEY? = ONT-ILS/ELLES ?

HAVE YOU ANY CARS DEAR SIR?

AVEZ-VOUS UNE VOITURE CHER MONSIEUR ?

 29
INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAVE I NOT ? = N’AI-JE PAS ? HAVEN’T I ?

HAVE YOU NOT? = N’AS-TU PAS ? HAVEN’T YOU?
HAS HE NOT ? = N’A-T-IL PAS ? HASN’T HE ?
HAS SHE NOT ? = N’A-T-ELLE PAS ? HASN’T SHE ?
HAS IT NOT ? = N’A-T-IL/ELLE PAS ? HASN’T IT ?
HAVE WE NOT ? = N’AVONS-NOUS PAS? HAVEN’T WE ?
HAVE YOU NOT ? = N’AVEZ-VOUS PAS ? HAVEN’T YOU ?
HAVE THEY NOT ? = N’ONT-ILS/ELLES PAS ? HAVEN’T THEY ?

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PAST-TENSE = IMPARFAIT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I HAD = J’AVAIS I’D

YOU HAD = TU AVAIS YOU’D
HE HAD = IL AVAIT HE’D
SHE HAD = ELLE AVAIT SHE’D
IT HAD = IL/ELLE AVAIT IT’D
WE HAD = NOUS AVIONS WE’D
YOU HAD = VOU AVIEZ YOU’D
THEY HAD = ILS/ELLES AVAIENT THEY’D

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 30

I HAD NOT = JE N’AVAIS PAS I HADN’T

YOU HAD NOT = TU N’AVAIS PAS YOU HADN’T
HE HAD NOT = IL N’AVAIT PAS HE HADN’T
SHE HAD NOT = ELLE N’AVAIS PAS SHE HADN’T
IT HAD NOT = IL/ELLE N’AVAIT PAS IT HADN’T
WE HAD NOT = NOUS N’AVIONS PAS WE HADN’T
YOU HAD NOT = VOUS N’AVIEZ PAS YOU HADN’T
THEY HAD NOT = ILS/ELLES N’AVAIENT THEY HADN’T
PAS

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAD I? = AVAIS-JE?
HAD YOU? = AVAIS-TU?
HAD HE ? = AVAIT-ELLE? No short-form for the
interrogative-form
HAD SHE? = AVAIT-IL?
HAD IT? = AVAIT-IL/ELLE? Pas de forme courte pour la
HAD WE? = AVIONS-NOUS? forme-interrogative

HAD YOU ? = AVIEZ-VOUS?

HAD THEY? = AVAIENT-ILS/ELLES ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 31

HAD I NOT ? = N’AVAIS-JE PAS ? HADN’T I ?

HAD YOU NOT ? = N’AVAIS-TU PAS ? HADN’T YOU ?
HAD HE NOT ? = N’AVAIT-IL PAS ? HADN’T HE ?
HAD SHE NOT ? = N’AVAIS-ELLE PAS ? HADN’T SHE ?
HAD IT NOT ? = N’AVAIT-IL/ELLE PAS ? HADN’T IT ?
HAD WE NOT ? = N’AVIONS-NOUS PAS ? HADN’T WE ?
HAD YOU NOT ? = N’AVIEZ-VOUS PAS ? HADN’T YOU ?
HAD THEY NOT ? = N’AVAIENT-ILS/ELLES PAS ? HADN’T THEY ?

WE HAD NOT ANY HOUSES IN THAT TIME, FOR

SURE LIFE WAS REALY DIFFICULT, MY DAD WAS
TELLING US, THAT WE SHALL ALWALS FIND A
WAY OUT OF THAT MATTER, AND MAY BE
SOMEONE OF MY FAMILY SHOULD DO BETTER
FOR LEAVING THAT SITUATION WHO WAS LIKE
HELL.

NOUS N’AVIONS PAS QUELCONQUE MAISONS EN CE TEMPS-LA, A

VRAI DIRE LA VIE ETAIT VRAIMENT DIFFICILE. MON PERE NOUS
DISAIS, QUE NOUS TROUVERONS TOUJOURS UN MOYEN DE NOUS
ENSORTIR, ET PEUT-ETRE QUE QUELQU’UN DE MA DEVRAIT FAIRE
MIEUX A FIN DE NOUS FAIRE SORTIR DE CETTE SITUATION QUI
ETAIT COMME L’ENFER.

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PRESENT-PERFECT-TENSE = PASSE COMPOSE

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 32

I HAVE HAD = J’AI EU I’VE HAD

YOU HAVE HAD = TU AS EU YOU’VE HAD

HE HAS HAD = IL A EU HE’S HAD

SHE HAS HAD = ELLE A EU SHE’S HAD

IT HAS HAD = IL/ELLE A EU IT’S HAD

WE HAVE HAD = NOUS AVONS EU WE’VE HAD

YOU HAVE HAD = VOUS AVEZ EU YOU’VE HAD

THEY HAVE HAD = ILS/ELLES ONT EU THEY’VE HAD

I HAVE HAD A LOT OF MONEY, BEFORE

YESTERDAY WHEN I WAS WITH THE CEO
OF THAT BANK

J’AI EU BEAUCOUP D’ARGENT, L’AVANT-HIER LORSQUE

J’ETAIT AVEC LE DG DE CETTE BANQUE.

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I HAVE NOT HAD = JE N’AI PAS EU I HAVEN’T HAD

YOU HAVE NOT HAD = TU N’AS PAS EU YOU HAVEN’T HAD
HE HAS NOT HAD = IL N’A PAS EU HE HASN’T HAD
SHE HAS NOT HAD = ELLE N’A PAS EU SHE HASN’T HAD
IT HAS NOT HAD = IL/ELLE N’A PAS EU IT HASN’T HAD
WE HAVE NOT HAD = NOUS N’AVONS PAS EU WE HAVEN’T HAD
YOU HAVE NOT HAD = VOUS N’AVEZ PAS EU YOU HAVEN’T HAD
THEY HAVE NOT HAD = ILS/ELLES N’ONT PAS EU THEY HAVEN’T HAD
 33
INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAVE I HAD? = AI-JE EU?

HAVE YOU HAD? = AS-TU EU?
HAS HE HAD? = A-T-IL EU? No short-form for the
HAS SHE HAD? = A-T-ELLE EU? interrogative-form
HAS IT HAD? = A-T-IL/ELLE EU?
Pas de forme courte pour la
HAVE WE HAD? = AVONS-NOUS EU?
forme-interrogative
HAVE YOU HAD? = AVEZ-VOUS EU?
HAVE THEY HAD? = ONT-ILS/ELLES EU?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAVE I NOT HAD? = N’AI-JE PAS EU ? HAVEN’T I HAD?

HAVE YOU NOT HAD? = N’AS-TU PAS EU? HAVEN’T YOU HAD?

HAS HE NOT HAD? = N’A-T-IL PAS EU? HASN’T HE HAD?

HAS SHE NOT HAD? = N’A-T-ELLE PAS EU? HASN’T SHE HAD?

HAS IT NOT HAD? = N’A-T-IL/ELLE PAS EU? HASN’T IT HAD?

HAVE WE NOT HAD? = N’AVONS-NOUS PAS EU? HAVEN’T WE HAD?

HAVE YOU NOT HAD? = N’AVEZ-VOUS PAS EU? HAVEN’T YOU HAD?

HAVE THEY NOT HAD? = N’ONT-ILS/ELLES PAS EU? HAVEN’T THEY HAD?

I HAVEN’T HAD THE CAT I WAS

LOOKING FOR BUT THEY GAVE
ME THE DOG INSTEAD.

JE N’AI PAS EU LE CHAT QUE J’ETAIT EN

TRAIN DE CHERCHER MAIS ILS M’ONT
DONNEE LE CHIEN A LA PLACE DU CHAT.
 34
INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF
PAST-PERFECT-TENSE=PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I HAD HAD = J’AVAIS EU I’D HAD
YOU HAD HAD = TU AVAIS EU YOU’D HAD
HE HAD HAD = IL AVAIT EU HE’D HAD
SHE HAD HAD = ELLE AVAIT EU SHE’D HAD
IT HAD HAD = IL/ELLE AVAIT EU IT’D HAD
WE HAD HAD = NOUS AVIONS EU WE’D HAD
YOU HAD HAD = VOUS AVIEZ EU YOU’D HAD
THEY HAD HAD = ILS/ELLES AVAIENT EU THEY’D HAD

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I HAD NOT HAD = JE N’AVAIS PAS EU I HADN’T HAD
YOU HAD NOT HAD = TU N’AVAIS PAS EU YOU HADN’T HAD
HE HAD NOT HAD = IL N’AVAIT PAS EU HE HADN’T HAD
SHE HAD NOT HAD = ELLE N’AVAIT PAS EU SHE HADN’T HAD
IT HAD NOT HAD = IL, ELLE N’AVAIT PAS EU IT HADN’T HAD
WE HAD NOT HAD = NOUS N’AVIONS PAS EU WE HADN’T HAD
YOU HAD NOT HAD = VOUS N’AVIEZ PAS EU YOU HADN’T HAD
THEY HAD NOT HAD = ILS, ELLES N’AVAIENT PAS EU THEY HADN’T HAD

WE HAD HAD A OPPORTUNITY TO GO IN USA

BUT WE DIDN’T CATCH IT CUZ WE WERE AFRAID
FOR LEAVING OUR FAMILY HERE WITHOUT
ANYONE TO ASSIST IT.

NOUS AVIONS EU UNE OPPORTUNITE D’ALLER AUX USA MAIS NOUS N’AVIONS PAS ATTRAPE
CELA PARCE QUE NOUS ETIONS EFRAIYE DE QUITTER NOTRE FAMILLE ICI SANS AUCUNE
PERSONNE POUR L’ASSISTER.
 35
INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
HAD I HAD? = AVAIS-JE EU?
HAD YOU HAD? = AVAIS-TU EU?
HAD HE HAD? = AVAIT-T-IL EU?
No short-form for the
HAD SHE HAD ? = AVAIT-T-ELLE EU ?
interrogative-form
HAD IT HAD ? = AVAIT-T-IL/ELLE EU ?
Pas de forme courte pour la
HAD WE HAD? = AVIONS-NOUS EU?
forme-interrogative
HAD YOU HAD? = AVIEZ-VOUS EU?
HAD THEY HAD? = AVAIENT-ILS/ELLES EU ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

HAD I HAD? = N’AVAIS-JE PAS EU? HADN’T I HAD?

HAD YOU HAD? = N’AVAIS-TU PAS EU? HADN’T YOU HAD?

HAD HE HAD? = N’AVAIT-T-IL PAS EU? HADN’T HE HAD?

HAD SHE HAD ? = N’AVAIT-T-ELLE PAS EU ? HADN’T SHE HAD?

HAD IT HAD ? = N’AVAIT-T-IL/ELLE PAS EU ? HADN’T IT HAD?

HAD WE HAD? = N’AVIONS-NOUS PAS EU? HADN’T WE HAD?

HAD YOU HAD? = N’AVIEZ-VOUS PAS EU? HADN’T YOU HAD?

HAD THEY HAD? = N’AVAIENT-ILS/ELLES PAS EU ? HADN’T THEY HAD?

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

FUTURE-TENSE = LE FUTURE

WE FORM THE FUTURE-TENSE IN ENGLISH WITH « SHALL, WILL + VERB »; BUT

WE CONJUGATE « SHALL » FOR THE FIRST PERSON OF SINGULAR AND THE
PLURAL ONE.
 36
ON FORME LE TEMPS FUTUR EN ANGLAIS AVEC « SHALL, WILL + VERBE » ; MAIS NOUS
CONJUGUONS « SHALL » A LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ET A LA PREMIERE
PERSONNE DU PLURIEL.

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I SHALL HAVE = J’AURAI I’LL HAVE
YOU WILL HAVE = TU AURAS YOU’LL HAVE
SHE WILL HAVE = IL AURAS HE’LL HAVE
HE WILL HAVE = ELLE AURAS SHE’LL HAVE
IT WILL HAVE = IL, ELLE, AURAS IT’LL HAVE
WE SHALL HAVE = NOUS AURONS WE’LL HAVE
YOU WILL HAVE = VOUS AUREZ YOU’LL HAVE
THEY WILL HAVE = ILS, ELLS AURONTS THEY’LL HAVE

I SHALL HAVE A CAR ONE DAY, BECAUSE

THAT ONE HAS ALWAYS BEEN MY DREAM

J’AURAI UNE VOITURE UNE JOUR, PARCE QUE

CELA A TOUJOURS ETE MON REVE.

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I SHALL NOT HAVE = JE N’AURAI PAS I SHAN’T HAVE
YOU WILL NOT HAVE = TU N’AURAS PAS YOU WON’T HAVE
SHE WILL NOT HAVE = IL N’AURA PAS HE WON’T HAVE
HE WILL NOT HAVE = ELLE N’AURA PAS SHE WON’T HAVE
IT WILL NOT HAVE = IL/ELLE N’AURA PAS IT WON’T HAVE
WE SHALL NOT HAVE = NOUS N’AURONS PAS WE SHAN ‘T HAVE
YOU WILL NOT HAVE = VOUS N’AUREZ PAS YOU WON’T HAVE
THEY WILL NOT HAVE = ILS/ELLS N’AURONTS PAS THEY WON’T HAVE
 37
INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
SHALL I HAVE? = AURAI-JE?
WILL YOU HAVE? = AURAS-TU?
No short-form for the
WILL HE HAVE? = AURA-T-IL? interrogative-form
WILL SHE HAVE? = AURA-T-ELLE? Pas de forme courte pour la
WILL IT HAVE? = CA AURA? forme-interrogative
SHALL WE HAVE? = AURONS-NOUS?
WILL YOU HAVE? = AUREZ-VOUS?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

SHALL I NOT HAVE? = N’AURAI-JE PAS? SHAN’T I HAVE?

WILL YOU NOT HAVE? = N’AURAS-TU PAS? WON’T YOU HAVE?
WILL HE NOT HAVE? = N’AURA-T-IL PAS? WON’T HE HAVE?
WILL SHE NOT HAVE? = N’AURA-T-ELLE PAS? WON’T SHE HAVE?
WILL IT NOT HAVE? = CA N’AURA PAS? WON’T IT HAVE?
SHALL WE NOT HAVE? = N’AURONS-NOUS PAS? SHAN ‘T WE HAVE?
WILL YOU NOT HAVE? = N’AUREZ-VOUS PAS? WON’T YOU HAVE?

WILL THEY NOT HAVE ? = N’AURONT-ILS/ ELLES PAS? WON’T THEY HAVE?

I SHALL NOT HAVE THE TIME TO GO

THERE BECAUSE I’M HERE FOR WORKING
TODAY.

JE N’AURAI PAS LE TEMPS D’ALLER LA-BAS PARCE QUE JE SUIS ICI

POUR TRAVAILLER.
 38

CONDITIONAL-MODE = MODE CONDITIONNEL

PRESENT-TENSE = TEMPS PRESENT

WE FORM THE CONDITIONAL-MODE IN ENGLISH WITH « SHOULD, WOULD +

VERB »; BUT WE CONJUGATE « SHOULD » FOR THE FIRST PERSON OF SINGULAR
AND THE PLURAL ONE.
ON FORME LE MODE CONDITIONNEL EN ANGLAIS AVEC « SHOULD, WOULD + VERBE » ;
MAIS NOUS CONJUGUONS « SHOULD » A LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ET A
LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU PLURIEL.

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I SHOULD HAVE = J’AURAIS / JE DEVRAIS AVOIR I’D HAVE
YOU WOULD HAVE = TU AURAIS / TU DEVRAIS AVOIR YOU’D HAVE
HE WOULD HAVE = IL AURAIT / IL DEVRAT AVOIR HE’D HAVE
SHE WOULD HAVE = ELLE AURAIT / ELLE DEVRAIT AVOIR
SHE’D HAVE
IT WOULD HAVE = IL/ELLE AURAIT / ça DEVRAIT AVOIR
IT’D HAVE
WE SHOULD HAVE = NOUS AURIONS / NOUS DEVRIONS AVOIR
WE’D HAVE
YOU WOULD HAVE = VOUS AURIEZ / VOUS DEVRIEZ AVOIR
YOU’D HAVE
THEY WOULD HAVE = ILS/ELLLES AURAIENT / ILS/ELLES
DEVRAIENT AVOIR THEY’D HAVE

YOU SHOULD HAVE NORMALY THE WISEDOM,

CUZ TO REACT AS YOU DID WASN’T RIGHT.

TU DEVRAIS NORMALEMENT AVOIR LA SAGESSE, PARCE

QUE REAGIR COMME TU L’A FAIS N’ETAIT BIEN.

I SHOULDN’T HAVE TO DO THAT BECAUSE, YOU

KNOW IT’S A TOUGH WORK, YOU’VE GIVEN TO ME,
MAY BE FOR THIS TIME IT CAN WORK WELL.

JE NE DEVRAIS PAS AVOIR A FAIRE CA PARCE QUE, TU LE

SAIS C’EST UN TRAVAIL DIFFICILE QUE TU M’AS DONNE,
PEUT ETRE POUR CE MOMENT CA PEUT MARCHER.
 39
NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
I SHOULD NOT HAVE = JE NE DEVRAIS PAS AVOIR I SHOULDN’T HAVE
YOU WOULD NOT HAVE = TU NE DEVRAIS PAS AVOIR YOU WOULDN’T HAVE
HE WOULD NOT HAVE = IL NE DEVRAT PAS AVOIR HE WOULDN’T HAVE
SHE WOULD NOT HAVE = ELLE NE DEVRAIT PAS AVOIR SHE WOULDN’T HAVE
IT WOULD NOT HAVE = ça NE DEVRAIT PAS AVOIR IT WOULDN’T HAVE
WE SHOULD NOT HAVE = NOUS NE DEVRIONS PAS AVOIR WE SHOULDN’T HAVE
YOU WOULD NOT HAVE = VOUS NE DEVRIEZ PAS AVOIR YOU WOULDN’T HAVE
THEY WOULD NOT HAVE = ILS/ELLES NE DEVRAIENT PAS AVOIR THEY WOULDN’T HAVE

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

SHOULD I HAVE? = DEVRAIS-JE AVOIR?

WOULD YOU HAVE? = DEVRAIS-TU AVOIR? No short-form for
WOULD HE HAVE? = DEVRAIT-IL AVOIR ? the interrogative-
WOULD SHE HAVE? = DEVRAIT-ELLE AVOIR?
form
WOULD IT HAVE? = CA DEVRAIT AVOIR? Pas de forme courte
SHOULD WE HAVE? = DEVRIONS-NOUS AVOIR? pour la forme-
WOULD YOU HAVE? = DEVRIEZ-VOUS AVOIR? interrogative
WOULD THEY HAVE? = DEVRAIENT-ILS / ELLES AVOIR?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 40

SHOULD I NOT HAVE? = NE DEVRAIS- JE PAS AVOIR? SHOULDN’T I HAVE?

WOULD YOU NOT HAVE? = NE DEVRAIS-TU PAS AVOIR? WOULDN’T YOU HAVE?
WOULD HE NOT HAVE? = NE DEVRAIT-IL PAS AVOIR ? WOULDN’T HE HAVE?
WOULD SHE NOT HAVE? = NE DEVRAIT-ELLE PAS AVOIR? WOULDN’T SHE HAVE?
WOULD IT NOT HAVE? = CA DEVRAIT PAS AVOIR? WOULDN’T IT HAVE?
SHOULD WE NOT HAVE? = NE DEVRIONS-NOUS PAS AVOIR? SHOULDN’T WE HAVE?
WOULD YOU NOT HAVE? = NE DEVRIEZ-VOUS PAS AVOIR? WOULDN’T YOU HAVE?
WOULD THEY NOT HAVE? = NE DEVRAIENT-ILS / ELLES PAS AVOIR? WOULDN’T THEY HAVE?

FUTURE-PERFECT FUTURE-ANTERIEUR

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I SHALL HAVE HAD = J’AURAI EU I’LL HAVE HAD

YOU’LL HAVE HAD
YOU WILL HAVE HAD = TU AURA EU
HE’LL HAVE HAD
HE WILL HAVE HAD = IL AURA EU
SHE’LL HAVE HAD
SHE WILL HAVE HAD = ELLE AURA EU
IT’LL HAVE HAD
IT WILL HAVE HAD = IL / ELLE AURA EU
WE’LL HAVE HAD
WE SHALL HAVE HAD = NOUS AURONS EU
YOU’LL HAVE HAD
YOU WILL HAVE HAD = VOUS AUREZ EU
THEY’LL HAVE HAD
THEY WILL HAVE HAD = ILS / ELLES AURONT EU

I SHALL HAVE HAD THAT CAR

IF MONEY WAS ON MY HANDS
BEFORE HER COMING TO VISIT
THIS COMPANY.

J’AURAI EU CETTE VOITURE SI L’ARGENT ETAIT ENTRE

MES MAINS BIEN AVANT QU’ELLE VIENNE VISITER
CETTE COMPAGNIE
 41
HOW TO USE: THERE IS / THERE ARE / THERE WAS AND
TRHERE WERE.
COMMENT UTILISER: THERE IS / THERE ARE / THERE WAS ET THERE WERE.
ENGLISH FRENCH TIME AND GENRE
THERE IS IL Y’A TEMPS PRESENT SINGULIER
THERE ARE IL Y’A TEMPS PRESENT PLURIEL
THERE WAS IL Y’AVAIT TEMPS PASSE SINGULIER
THERE WERE IL Y’AVAIT TEMPS PASSE PLURIEL

EXEMPLES = EXAMPLES

1. THERE IS ONE CAR IN THE GARAGE

IL y’a un véhicule dans le garage

2. THERE IS ONE GIRL IN OUR FAMILY

Il y’a une fille dans notre famille

3. THERE ARE TWO BOYS IN THEIR FAMILY

Il y’a deux garçons dans leur famille

4. THERE WAS ONE CAR YESTERDAY IN THE FENCE

IL y’avait une voiture dans la parcelle hier

5. THERE WERE TEN PENS IN MY SCHOOL BACK LAST YEAR

Il y’avait 10 stylos l’année passée dans mon sac à dos

REMARK: TO THIS POINT YOU ARE GOING TO NOTICE THAT, WE FALL BACK ON
THE VERB “TO BE” SO THAT IN READING WE HAVE COULD OBTAIN
THE SOUND OF THE VERBE “TO HAVE” IN FRENCH. DON’T BE
WORRIED BY THIS ONE AS IT IS LIKE THAT, ON THIS LEVEL THINGS
ARE HAPPENING.

REMARQUE: A CE NIVEAU VOUS REMARQUEREZ QUE, ON A EU RECOURS AU VERBE « ETRE »,

BIEN QU’EN LISANT ON A PUE AVOIR LE SON DU VERBE « AVOIR », EN FRANÇAIS.
QUE CELA NE VOUS INQUIETE PAS PUISQUE CE COMME-CA QU’A CE NIVEAU CELA
SE PASSE.

THERE IS A
COMPUTER JUST UP
IL Y’A UN ORDINATEUR JUSTE ICI EN
HAUT HERE
 42
WE ARE GOING TO TALK NOW ABOUT OTHER THINGS WHO ARE REALY VERY IMPORTANT,
AND WHOSE YOU HAVE TO MASTER BETTER.
IN ENGLISH WHEN YOU WANT TO USE THESE [RIGHT, WRONG, ANGRY, HUNGRY,
THIRSTY] OR TO CONJUGATE THEM YOU HAVE ALWALS TO FALL BACK ON THE VERB “TO
BE” EVEN IF IN FRENCH THIS WILL SOUND LIKE THE VERB TO HAVE.
NOUS ALLONS MAINTENANT PARLER A PROPOS D’AUTRES CHOSES QUI SONT VRAIMENT IMPORTANT ET
DONT VOUS DEVEZ MAITRISER.

EN ANGLAIS LORSQUE VOUS VOULEZ UTILISER CEUX-CI [RAISON, TORT, COLERE, FAIM] OU LES
CONJUGUER, VOUS DEVEZ TOUJOURS AVOIR RECOURS AU VERBE « ETRE » MEME SI EN FRANÇAIS CE-CI
SONNERA COMME LE VERBE « AVOIR ».

ENGLISH FRENCH
TO BE RIGHT AVOIR RAISON
TO BE WRONG AVOIR TORT
TO BE ANGRY AVOIR LA COLERE
TO BE HUNGRY AVOIR FAIM
TO BE THIRSTY AVOIR SOIR

I AM RIGHT = J’AI RAISON I WAS RIGHT = J’AVAIT RAISON

YOU ARE RIGHT = TU AS RAISON YOU WERE RIGHT = TU AVAIS RAISON
HE IS RIGHT = IL A RAISON HE WAS RIGHT = IL AVAIT RAISON
SHE IS RIGHT = ELLE A RAISON SHE WAS RIGHT = ELLE AVAIT RAISON
IT IS RIGHT = IL/ ELLE A RAISON IT WAS RIGHT = IL/ELLE AVAIT RAISON
WE ARE RIGHT = NOUS AVONS RAISON WE WERE RIGHT = NOUS AVIONS RAISON
YOU ARE RIGHT = VOUS AVEZ RAISON YOU WERE RIGHT = VOUS AVIEZ RAISON
THEY ARE RIGHT = ILS/ ELLES ONT RAISON THEY WERE RIGHT = ILS/ELLES AVAIENT RAISON

I SHALL BE RIGHT = J’AURAIT RAISON

YOU WILL BE RIGHT = TU AURAS RAISON
HE WILL BE RIGHT = IL AURA RAISON
SHE WILL BE RIGHT = ELLE AURA RAISON
IT WILL BE RIGHT = IL/ELLE AURA RAISON
WE SHALL BE RIGHT = NOUS AURONS RAISON
YOU WILL BE RIGHT = VOUS AURAIS RAISON
THEY WILL BE RIGHT = ILS/ELLES AURONT RAISON
 43

YOU ARE RIGHT MY BROTHER FOR TELLING ME THAT

BECAUSE THAT GIRL WASN’T GOOD FOR ME, AND I THOUGHT
JUST AFTER YOU GAVE ME THAT ADVICE THAT NORMALY, I
MUST WAIT FOR A WHILE BEFORE TO GET MARRIED.

TU AS RAISON MON FRERE DE ME DIRE CA PARCE QUE CETTE FILLE LA

N’ETAIT PAS BIEN POUR MOI ET JE PENSE JUSTE APRES QUE TU M’AIS DONNE
CE CONSEIL LA, NORMALEMENT JE DOIS ATTENDRE POUR UN MOMENT
AVANT DE ME MARIER.

HI MISTER SEYNS I’VE JUST WANTED TO THANK YOU

BECAUSE YOU WERE RIGHT WHEN YOU TOLD ME TO QUIT
THE COMPANY WHERE I WAS WORKING BEFORE AND TO
LOOK FOR A GOOD ONE

SALUT MONSIEUR SEYNS J’AI VOULU TE REMERCIER PARCE QUE TU AVAIS

RAISON LORSQUE TU M’A DIT DE QUITTER CETTE COMPAGNIE OU J’ETAIT EN
TRAIN DE TRAVAILLER AVANT ET DE CHERCHER UN BON TRAVAIL.

I AM WRONG = J’AI TORT I WAS WRONG = J’AVAIT TORT

YOU ARE WRONG = TU AS TORT YOU WERE WRONG = TU AVAIS TORT
HE IS WRONG = IL A TORT HE WAS WRONG = IL AVAIT TORT
SHE IS WRONG = ELLE A TORT SHE WAS WRONG = ELLE AVAIT TORT
IT IS WRONG = IL, ELLE A TORT IT WAS WRONG = IL, ELLE AVAIT TORT
WE ARE WRONG = NOUS AVONS TORT WE WERE WRONG = NOUS AVIONS TORT
YOU ARE WRONG = VOUS AVEZ TORT YOUWERE WRONG = VOUS AVIEZ TORT
THEY ARE WRONG = ILS, ELLES ONT TORT THEY WERE WRONG = ILS, ELLES AVAIENT TORT

I SHALL BE WRONG = J’AURAIT TORT

YOU WILL BE WRONG = TU AURAS TORT
HE WILL BE WRONG = IL AURA TORT
SHE WILL BE WRONG = ELLE AURA TORT
IT WILL BE WRONG = IL, ELLE AURA TORT
WE SHALL BE WRONG = NOUS AURONS TORT
YOU WILL BE WRONG = VOUS AURAIS TORT
THEY WILL BE WRONG = ILS, ELLES AURONT TORT
 44
MISTER TOM WAS WRONG, BECAUSE
AVERYONE ALREADY KNEW HIS
STORY BEFORE THAT HE WAS AN
OPPONANT.

MONSIEUR TOM AVAIT RAISON, PARCE QUE CHAQUE

PERSONNE CONNAISAIT DEJA SON HISTOIRE BIEN
AVANT QU’IL ETAIT UN OPPOSANT.

LET’S NOW TALK ABOUT THE SEMI-MODAL-VERB “GOING TO”

PARLONS MAINTENANT DU SEMI-MODAL VERBE « GOING TO »

THE GOING-TO IDIOM, IS USED TO EXPRESS FUTURITY IS A SEMI-MODAL VERB.

We use be going to to talk about future plans and intention. Usually the decision
about the future plans has already been made.

We also use be going to to predict something that we think is certain to happen or

which we have evidence for now.

LE GOING TO EST UTILISE POUR EXPRIMER LE FUTUROLOGIE C’EST UN VERBE

SEMI-MODAL.

Nous utilisons BE GOING TO pour parler à propos des vues et des intentions au
future. D’habitude c’est lorsque à propos du future le plan a été déjà fait.

Nous utilisons aussi BE GOING TO pour prédire quelque chose qu’on pense etre
certain d’arriver où pour laquelle nous avons une certitude.
 45
I AM GOING TO : JE VAIS
YOU ARE GOING TO : TU VAS
AFFIRMARIVE-FORM HE IS GOING TO : IL VA
FORME-AFFIRMATIVE
SHE IS GOING TO : ELLE VA
IT IS GOING TO : IL/ELLE VA
WE ARE GOING TO : NOUS ALLONS
YOU ARE GOING TO : VOUS ALLEZ
THEY ARE GOING TO : ILS/ELLES VONT

I AM NOT GOING TO : JE NE VAIS PAS

YOU ARE NOT GOING TO : TU NE VAS PAS
NEGATIVE-FORM
FORME-NEGATIVE HE IS NOT GOING : IL VA NE PAS
SHE IS NOT GOING TO : ELLE NE VA PAS
IT IS NOT GOING TO : IL/ELLE NE VA PAS
WE ARE NOT GOING TO : NOUS NE ALLONS PAS
YOU ARE NOT GOING TO : VOUS ALLEZ NE PAS
THEY ARE NOTGOING TO : ILS/ELLES NE VONT PAS

AM I GOING TO ? : VAIS-JE ?
ARE YOU GOING TO ? : VAS-TU?
INTERROGATIVE-FORM IS HE GOING? : VA-T-IL ?
FORME-INTERROGATIVE
IS SHE GOING TO? : VA-T-ELLE
IS IT GOING TO?: VA-T-IL/ELLE
AREWE GOING TO? : NOUS ALLONS-NOUS?
ARE YOU GOING TO? : VOUS ALLEZ-VOUS?
ARE THEY GOING TO?: ILS/ELLES VONT-ILS/ELLES

I AM GOING TO SCHOOL
BECAUSE I HAVE TO SEE MY
TEACHER FOR TO TELL HIM
TO GIVE ME TEN ON THE
QUIZ OF YESTERDAY.
JE VAIS ALLER A L’ECOLE PARCE QUE JE DOIS VOIR
MON PROFESSEUR POUR LUI DIRE DE ME DONNER DIX
A L’INTERROGATION DU HIER.
 46
THE VERB TO DO
Le verbe FAIRE

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

TO DO (FAIRE) DID DONE

THIS VERB IS A LITTLE COMPLICATED BECAUSE IT IS CHANGING THE FORM MOST OF THE TIME, LIKE FOR
THE PRESENT-TENSE AND FOR THE PAST-TENSE.
CE VERBE EST UN PEU COMPLIQUER PARCE QU’IL CHANGE DE FORME LA PLUPART DU TEMPS, COMME POUR LE
PRESENT ET L’IMPARFAIT.

YOU HAVE TO KNOW THAT FOR THE THIRD PERSON OF SINGULAR WE ALWAYS USE DOES [daz, deuz]
VOUS DEVEZ SAVOIR QUE POUR LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ON UTILISE TOUJOURS DOES [daz, deuz] = fait

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PRESENT TENSE = TEMPS PRESENT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I DO = JE FAIS
YOU DO = TU FAIS
HE DOES = IL FAIT No short-form for the
AFFIRMATIVE-form
SHE DOES = ELLE FAIT
T DOES = IL / ELLE FAIT Pas de forme courte pour

WE DO = NOUS FAISONS la forme-affirmative

YOU DO = VOUS FAITES

THEY DO = ILS / ELLES FONT

WE DO WHAT THE BOSS

ASKED TO BE DONE!

NOUS FAISONS CE QUE LE PATRON A DEMANDE D’ETRE

FAIT.
 47
NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I DO NOT = JE NE FAIS PAS I DON’T

YOU DO NOT = TU NE FAIS PAS YOU DON’T
HE DOES NOT= IL NE FAIT PAS HE DOESN’T [dazn’t]
SHE DOES NOT= ELLE NE FAIT PAS SHE DOESN’T [dazn’t]
IT DOES NOT= IL / ELLE FAIT IT DOESN’T [dazn’t]
WE DO NOT = NOUS NE FAISONS PAS WE DON’T
YOU DO NOT= VOUS NE FAITES PAS YOU DON’T
THEY DO NOT= ILS / ELLES NE FONT PAS THEY DON’T

I DON’T KNOW THAT PROBLEM

YOU ARE TELLING ME RIGHT
NOW

JE NE CONNAIS PAS LE PROBLEME QUE TU ES EN TRAIN DE ME

DIRE.

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
DO I ? = FAIS-JE ?
DO YOU ? = FAIS-TU ?
DOES HE ?= FAIT-IL ?
No short-form for the
DOES SHE ? = FAIT-ELLE ? interrogative-form
DOES IT ? = FAIT-IL / ELLE ?
Pas de forme courte pour
DO WE ? = FAISONS-NOUS ?
la forme-interrogative
DO YOU ? = FAITES-VOUS ?
DO THEY ? = FONT-ILS / ELLES ?
 48

DOES SHE THE THINGS FOR

WHICH I HAVE CALLED HER?

FAIT-ELLE LES CHOSES POUR LESQUELLES JE L’AI APPELLE ?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

DO I NOT ? = NE FAIS-JE PAS ? DON’T I?

DO YOU NOT ? = NE FAIS-TU PAS? DON’T YOU?
DOES HE NOT ?= NE FAIT-IL PAS? DOESN’THE?
DOES SHE NOT ? = NE FAIT-ELLE PAS ? DOESN’T SHE?
DOES IT NOT ? = NE FAIT-IL / ELLE PAS? DOESN’T IT?
DO WE NOT ? = NE FAISONS-NOUS PAS? DON’T WE?
DO YOU NOT ? = NE FAITES-VOUS PAS? DON’T YOU?
DO THEY NOT ? = NE FONT-ILS / ELLES PAS ? DON’T THEY?

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

PAST-TENSE = IMPARFAIT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM
 49

I DID = JE FAISAIS
YOU DID = TU FAISAIS
HE DID = IL FAISAIT No short-form for the
AFFIRMATIVE-form
SHE DID = ELLE FAISAIT
IT DID = IL / ELLE FAISAIT Pas de forme courte pour

WE DID = NOUS FAISIONS la forme-affirmative

YOU DID = VOUS FAISIEZ

THEY DID = ILS / ELLES FAISAIENT

NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I DID NOT = JE NE FAISAIS PAS I DIDN’T

YOU DID NOT = TU NE FAISAIS PAS YOU DIDN’T
HE DID NOT = IL NE FAISAIT PAS HE DIDN’T
SHE DID NOT = ELLE NE FAISAIT PAS SHE DIDN’T
IT DID NOT = IL / ELLE NE FAISAIT PAS IT DIDN’T
WE DID NOT = NOUS NE FAISIONS PAS WE DIDN’T
YOU DID NOT = VOUS NE FAISIEZ PAS YOU DIDN’T
THEY DID NOT = ILS / ELLES NE FAISAIENT PAS THEY DIDN’T

I DID IT WHEN THE CHAIRMAN WAS IN THE CONFERENCE ROOM

YESTERDAY, AND WHEN I DID IT THE CHAIRMAN ASKED FOR MY
NAME AND I SAID THAT I’M SEYNS.

JE LE FAISAIS LORSQUE LE PRESIDENT ETAIT DANS LA SALLE DE CONFERENCE

HIER ET LOSRQUE JE L’AI FAIT LE PRESIDENT M’A DEMANDE MON NOM ET J’AI DIT
QUE JE M’APPELLE SEYNS.
 50

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

DID I ? = FAISAIS-JE ?
DID YOU ? = FAISAIS-TU ?
No short-form for the
DID HE ? = FAISAIT-IL? interrogative-form
DID SHE ? = FAISAIT-ELLE?
Pas de forme courte pour
DID IT = FAISAIT-IL, ELLE ?
la forme-interrogative
DID WE ? = FAISIONS-NOUS?
DID YOU? = FAISIEZ-VOUS?
DID THEY ? = FAISAIENT-ILS-ELLES?

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

DID I NOT ? = NE FAISAIS-JE PAS ? DIDN’T I?

DID YOU NOT ? = NE FAISAIS-TU PAS? DIDN’T YOU?
DID HE NOT ?= NE FAISAIT-IL PAS? DIDN’T HE?
DID SHE NOT ? =NE FAITSAIT-ELLE PAS ? DIDN’T SHE?
DID IT NOT ? = NE FAISAIT-IL / ELLE PAS? DIDN’T IT?
DID WE NOT ? = NE FAISIONS-NOUS PAS? DIDN’T WE?
DID YOU NOT ? = NE FAISIEZ-VOUS PAS? DIDN’T YOU?
DID THEY NOT ? = NE FAISAIENT-ILS / ELLES PAS ? DIDN’T THEY?
 51

INDICATIVE MODE = MODE INDICATIF

FUTURE-TENSE = LE FUTURE

WE FORM THE FUTURE-TENSE IN ENGLISH WITH « SHALL, WILL + VERB »; BUT

WE CONJUGATE « SHALL » FOR THE FIRST PERSON OF SINGULAR AND THE
PLURAL ONE.
ON FORME LE TEMPS FUTUR EN ANGLAIS AVEC « SHALL, WILL + VERBE » ; MAIS NOUS
CONJUGUONS « SHALL » A LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ET A LA PREMIERE
PERSONNE DU PLURIEL.

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I SHALL DO = JE FERAI I’LL DO

YOU WILL DO = TU FERAS YOU’LL DO
HE WILL DO = IL FERA HE’LL DO
SHE WILL DO = ELLE FERA SHE’LL DO
IT WILL DO = IL, ELLE FERA IT’LL DO
WE SHALL DO = NOUS FERONS WE’LL DO
YOU WILL DO = VOUS FEREZ YOU’LL DO
THEY WILL DO = ILS, ELLES FERONS THEY’LL DO

I WILL DO THE JOB ONLY IF YOU ARE READY TO GIVE

ME MONEY IF NOT I WON’T DO IT!

JE FERAI CE TRAVAIL SEULEMENT SI VOUS ETES PRES A ME DONNER

L’ARGET DANS LE CAS CONTRAIRE JE NE LE FERAI PAS.
 52
NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I SHALL NOT DO = JE NE FERAI PAS I SHAN’T DO

YOU WILL NOT DO = TU NE FERAS PAS YOU WON’T DO
HE WILL NOT DO = IL NE FERA PAS HE WON’T DO
SHE WILL NOT DO = ELLE NE FERA PAS SHE WON’T DO
IT WILL NOT DO = IL / ELLE NE FERA PAS IT WON’T DO
WE SHALL NOT DO = NOUS NE FERONS PAS WE SHAN’TDO
YOU WILL NOT DO = VOUS NE FEREZ PAS YOU WON’TDO
THEY WILL NOT DO = ILS / ELLES NE FERONT PAS THEY WON’T DO

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

SHALL I DO? = FERAI-JE?

WILL YOU DO? = FERAS-TU?
No short-form for the
WILL HE DO? = FERA-t-IL? interrogative-form
WILL SHE DO? = FERA-T-ELLE?
Pas de forme courte pour
WILL IT DO? = FERA-T-IL / ELLE?
la forme-interrogative
SHALL WE DO? = FERONS-NOUS?
WILL YOU DO? = FEREZ-VOUS?
WILL THEY DO? = FERONS-T-ILS / ELLES?
 53

INTERRONEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-INTERRONEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

SHAN’T I DO?
SHALL I NOT DO? = NE FERAI-JE PAS?
WON’T YOU DO?
WILL YOU NOT DO? = NE FERAS-TU PAS?
WON’T HE DO?
WILL HE NOT DO? = NE FERA-t-IL PAS?
WON’T SHE DO?
WILL SHE NOT DO? = NE FERA-T-ELLE PAS?
WON’T IT DO?
WILL IT NOT DO? = NE FERA-T-IL / ELLE PAS?
SHAN’T WE DO?
SHALL WE NOT DO? = NE FERONS-NOUS PAS?
WON’T YOU DO?
WILL YOU NOT DO? = NE FEREZ-VOUS PAS?
WON’T THEY DO?
WILL THEY NOT DO? = NE FERONS-T-ILS / ELLES PAS?

CONDITIONAL-MODE = MODE CONDITIONNEL

PRESENT-TENSE = TEMPS PRESENT

WE FORM THE CONDITIONAL-MODE IN ENGLISH WITH « SHOULD, WOULD +

VERB »; BUT WE CONJUGATE « SHOULD » FOR THE FIRST PERSON OF SINGULAR
AND THE PLURAL ONE.
ON FORME LE MODE CONDITIONNEL EN ANGLAIS AVEC « SHOULD, WOULD + VERBE » ;
MAIS NOUS CONJUGUONS « SHOULD » A LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ET A
LA PREMIERE PERSONNE DU PLURIEL.

So at this level we thing so that you have mastered how to conjugate

any verbs, at all times we can ask you to do, reason why from this moment
on we shall be just giving some examples instead of doing the
conjugation at all the tenses.

Alors nous pensons qu’à ce niveau vous avez maitriser comment conjuguer
n’importe quel verbe à n’importe quel temps qu’on peut vous demander de faire,
raison pour laquelle à partir de ce moment nous donnerons juste des exemples
au lieu de faire la conjugaison at tout le temps.
 54
YOU WOULD DO BETTER TO COME TO
THAT MEETING ON SATURDAY OF
THIS WEEK

VOUS FERIEZ MIEUX DE VENIR A CETTE REUNION LE

SAMEDI DE CETTE SEMAINE-CI.

WE HAVE DONE WHAT THE BOSS HAS

ASKED US TO DO BEFORE YESTERDAY
AND ALL THE WORK WAS FULFILLED

NOUS AVONS FAIT CE QUE LE PATRON NOUS A

DEMANDE DE FAIRE L’AVANT-HIER ET TOUT LE
TRAVAIL ETAIT REALISE.

I HAD DONE IT WELL AND MY

DADDY WAS PROUD OF ME

JE L’AVAIS BIEN FAIT ET MON PERE ETAIT FIERE DE

MOI.

THE VERB CAN

Le verbe pouvoir

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

CAN (pouvoir) COULD COULD

THIS VERB IS A LITTLE COMPLICATED BECAUSE IT IS CHANGING THE FORM MOST OF THE TIME, LIKE FOR
THE PRESENT-TENSE AND FOR THE PAST-TENSE.
CE VERBE EST UN PEU COMPLIQUER PARCE QU’IL CHANGE DE FORME LA PLUPART DU TEMPS, COMME POUR LE
PRESENT ET L’IMPARFAIT.

YOU HAVE TO KNOW THIS FOR THE THIRD PERSON OF SINGULAR WE ALWAYS USE CAN [ken] CUZ FOR
THIS VERB THE THIRD PERSON OF SINGULAR IS NOT TAKING S
 55
VOUS DEVEZ SAVOIR QUE POUR LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ON UTILISE TOUJOURS CAN [ken] PARCE QUE POUR CE

VERBE-CI LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU SINGULIER NE PREND PAS S

I CAN = JE PEUX / PUIS

YOU CAN = TU PEUX

HE CAN = IL PEUT

AFFIRMARIVE-FORM SHE CAN = ELLE PEUT

FORME-AFFIRMATIVE
IT CAN = IL / ELLE PEUT

WE CAN = NOUS POUVONS

YOU CAN = VOUS POUVEZ

THEY CAN = ILS / ELLES PEUVENT

I CAN NOT = JE NE PEUX PAS / PUIS

YOU CAN NOT = TU NE PEUX PAS

HE CAN NOT = IL NE PEUT PAS

NEGATIVE-FORM SHE CAN NOT = ELLE NE PEUT PAS
FORME-NEGATIVE
IT CAN NOT = IL / ELLE NE PEUT PAS

WE CAN NOT = NOUS NE POUVONS PAS

YOU CAN NOT = VOUS NE POUVEZ PAS

THEY CAN NOT = ILS / ELLES NE PEUVENT PAS

 56

CAN I ? = PUIS-JE ?

CAN YOU ? = PEUX-TU ?

CAN HE ? = PEUT-IL ?

CAN SHE = PEUT-ELLE ?

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
FORME-INTERROGATIVE CAN IT = PEUT-IL / ELLE ?

CAN WE = POUVONS-NOUS ?

CAN YOU = POUVEZ-VOUS ?

CAN THEY = PEUVENT-ILS / ELLES ?

YOU CAN DO IT IF YOU REALY PUT YOUR MIND

ON IT, NOW GO AND TELL TO SEYNS TO DO
THE SAME THING BECAUSE HE CAN DO TOO!

TU PEUX LE FAIRE SI TU TE CONCENTRES SUR LA

CHOSE, MAINTENANT VA ET DIT A SEYNS DE FAIRE LA
MEME CHOSE PARCE QU’IL PEUT AUSSI.

SHE SAYS THAT SHE CAN’T COME

TODAY TO JAMES’S PARTY BECAUSE SHE
HAS GOT TO WORK

ELLE A DIT QU’ELLE NE PEUT PAS VENIR A LA FETE DE

JAMES PARCE QU’ELLE A DU TRAVAIL.

CAN NOT IS THE LONG FORM OF THE NEGATIVE –FORM BUT CAN’T IS JUST THE SHORTEN ONE
CAN NOT EST LA FORME LONGUE DE LA FORME NEGATIVE MAIS CAN’T EST JUSTE LA FORME CONTRACTER

AND IT’S THE SAME THING WITH COULD NOT WHO MEANS IN FRENCH NE POUVAIS PAS THE SHORT FORM IS COULDN T.
ET C’EST LA MEME CHOSE AVEC COULD NOT QUI SIGNIFIE EN FRANCAIS NE POUVAIS PAS LA FORME CONTRACTER EST COULDN’T.
 57
THE VERB MUST
Le verbe devoir

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

MUST (devoir)

THIS VERB IS NOT COMPLICATED CUZ WE CAN CONJUGATE IT ONLY FOR THE PRENT-TENSE NEVER IN
THE PAST-TENSE OR IN THE PAST-PARTICIPLE.
CE VERBE N’EST PAS COMPLIQUE PARCE QU’ON PEUT LE CONJUGUER SEULEMENT AU TEMPS PRESENT JAMAIS A
L’IMPARFAIT OU AU PARTICIPE-PASSE.

YOU HAVE TO KNOW THIS FOR THE THIRD PERSON OF SINGULAR WE ALWAYS USE MUST [mast] CUZ FOR
THIS VERB THE THIRD PERSON OF SINGULAR IS NOT TAKING S

VOUS DEVEZ SAVOIR QUE POUR LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU SINGULIER ON UTILISE TOUJOURS MUST [mast] PARCE QUE POUR

CE VERBE-CI LA TROISIEME PERSONNE DU SINGULIER NE PREND PAS S

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-AFFIRMATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I MUST = JE DOIS
YOU MUST = TU DOIS
HE MUST = IL DOIT
SHE MUST = ELLE DOIT No short-form for the
affirmative-form
IT MUST = IL / ELLE DOIT
Pas de forme courte pour la
WE MUST = NOUS DEVONS
forme-affirmative
YOU MUST = VOUS DEVEZ
THEY MUST = ILS / ELLES DOIVENT
 58
NEGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-NEGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

I MUSN’T
I MUST NOT = JE NE DOIS PAS
YOU MUSN’T
YOU MUST NOT = TU NE DOIS PAS
HE MUSTN’T
HE MUST NOT = IL NE DOIT PAS
SHE MUSTN’T
SHE MUST NOT = ELLE NE DOIT PAS
IT MUSTN’T
IT MUST NOT = IL / ELLE NE DOIT PAS
WE MUSTN’T
WE MUST NOT = NOUS NE DEVONS PAS
YOU MUSTN’T
YOU MUST NOT = VOUS NE DEVEZ PAS
WE MUSTN’T
THEY MUST NOT = ILS / ELLES NE DOIVENT PAS
THEY MUSTN’T

INTERROGATIVE-FORM
LA FORME-INTERROGATIVE

FULL-FORM SHORT-FORM

MUST I ? = DOIS-JE ?
MUST YOU= DOIS-TU?
No short-form for the
MUST HE = DOIT-IL? interrogative-form
MUST SHE ? = DOIT-ELLE ? Pas de forme courte pour
MUST IT ?= DOIT-IL / ELLE ? la forme-interrogative
MUST WE ? = DEVONS-NOUS?
MUST YOU ? = DEVEZ-VOUS ?
MUST THEY? = DOIVENT-ILS / ELLES ?

MUST I TELL TO ALL MY FAMILY ALL THE TRUTH

ABOUT WHAT HAPENNED IN USA?

DOIS-JE DIRE A TOUTE MA FAMILLE TOUTE LA VERITE A PROPOS DE

CE QUI C’EST PASSEE AU USA ?
 59
THE VERB TO HAVE TO
Le verbe devoir

PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

TO HAVE TO (devoir) HAD TO HAD TO

THE VERB TO HAVE TO HELPS US TO USE THE VERB MUST IN THE PAST-TENSE
AND SO IN THE FUTURE ONE, BECAUSE MUST IS A VERBE WHO CAN BE
CONJUGATED ONLY IN THE PRESENT-TENSE OF INDICATIVE.
Le verbe « TO HAVE TO » nous aide à utiliser le verbe « MUST » au passé
ainsi qu’au future, parce que « MUST » est un verbe qui ne peut se
conjuguer qu’au présent de l’indicatif.

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM

(La forme affirmative)

I HAVE TO = JE DOIS

YOU HAVE TO= TU DOIS

HE HAS TO = IL DOIT

SHE HAS TO = ELLE DOIT

IT HAS TO = IL / ELLE DOIT

WE HAVE TO = NOUS DEVONS

YOU HAVE TO = VOUS DEVEZ

THEY HAVE TO = ILS / ELLES DOIVENT

60
NEGATIVE-FORM
(La forme négative)

I HAVE NOT TO = JE NE DOIS PAS

YOU HAVE NOT TO= TU NE DOIS PAS

HE HAS NOT TO = IL NE DOIT PAS

SHE HAS NOT TO = ELLE NE DOIT PAS

IT HAS NOT TO = IL / ELLE NE DOIT PAS

WE HAVE NOT TO = NOUS NE DEVONS PAS

YOU HAVE NOT TO = VOUS NE DEVEZ PAS

THEY HAVE NOT TO = ILS / ELLES NE DOIVENT PAS

I THINK WE HAVE TO DRIVE HER TO THE

HOSPITLE RIGHT NOW CUZ AS SHE SAID THAT
SHE’S NOT FEELING GOOD FOR THE MOMENT.

JE PENSE QUE NOUS DEVONS LA CONDUIRE A L’HOPITALE

IMMEDIATEMENT PARCEQUE COMME ELLE A DIT QU’ELLE NE SE
SENT PAS BIEN
 61
INTERROGATIVE-FORM

(La forme interrogative)

HAVE I TO? = DOIS-JE ?

HAVE YOU TO? = DOIS-TU?

HAS HE TO? = DOIT-IL?

HAS SHE TO? = DOIT-ELLE?

HAS IT TO? = DOIT-IL / ELLE ?

HAVE WE TO? = DEVONS-NOUS?

HAVE YOU TO? = DEVEZ-VOUS ?

HAVE THEY TO? = DOIVENT-ILS / ELLES ?

PAST -TENSE = IMPARFAIT

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM

(La forme affirmative)

I HAD TO = JE DAVAIS

YOU HAD TO = TU DEVAIS

HE HAD TO = IL DEVAIT

SHE HAD TO = ELLE DEVAIT

IT HAD TO = IL / ELLE DEVAIT

WE HAD TO = NOUS DEVIONS

YOU HAD TO = VOUS DEVIEZ

THEY HAD TO = ILS / ELLES DEVAIENT

 62
FUTURE TENSE = FUTUR

AFFIRMATIVE-FORM

(La forme affirmative)

I SHALL HAVE TO = JE DEVRAI

YOU WILL HAVE TO = TU DEVRAS

HE WILL HAVE TO = IL DEVRA

SHE WILL HAVE TO = ELLE DEVRA

IT WILL HAVE TO = IL / ELLE DEVRA

WE SHALL HAVE TO = NOUS DEVRONS

YOU WILL HAVE TO = VOUS DEVREZ

THEY WILL HAVE TO = ILS / ELLES DEVRONT

N.B : POUR LES VERBES “MUST, TO HAVE TO” QUI TOUS LES DEUX VEULENT DIRE EN
FRANÇAIS “DEVOIR”, ONT UNE PETITE DIFFERENCE QUI FAIT A-CE-QUE DANS LEUR
UTILISATION ON NE POURRA PAS LES UTILISER COMME BON NOUS SEMBLE VOICI
COMMENT ON PEUT LES UTILISER :

MUST : C’EST UN VERBE QUI SIGNIFIE EN SOIE « DEVOIR » MAIS POUR SON UTILITE CECI
EST UTULISER LORSQU’ON DONNE UN ORDRE EST QU’IL N’Y A PAS D’AUTRES
ATERNATIVES QU’ON PUISSE SUIVRE.

EXEMPLE: YOU MUST EAT FOR YOUR GOOD HEALTH

 63
TRADUCTION : TU DOIS MANGER POUR TA BONNE SANTE

EN EXAMINENT TOUS ENSEMBLE L’EXEMLPE AU DESSUS NOUS ALLONS NOUS RENDRE

CONTE QUE IL EST DANS L’OBLIGATION QUE LE SUJET « TU » PUISSE MANGER POUR SA
BONNE SANTE ET QUE S’il NE MANGE PAS IL POURRA TOMBER MALADE DONC IL N’Y A
PAS D’AUTRES ALTERNATIVES A PART MANGER POUR ETRE EN BONNE SANTE.

TO HAVE TO : NOUS DEVONS SAVOIR QUE LE VERBE « TO HAVE TO », A LA MEME

SIGNIFICATION QUE LE VERBE « MUST », SAUF QU‘AVEC MUST, IL NOUS EST VRAIMENT
IMPOSSIBLE DE CONJUGUER CE DERNIER AU PASSEE ET AU FUTURE COMME EXPLIQUER
CI-DESSUS MAIS QU’AVEC TO HAVE TO ON A CETTE POSSIBILTE DE LE CONJUGUER A
L’IMPARFAIT AINSI QU’AU FUTURE, CONTRAIREMENT AU MUST. TO HAVE TO PEUT ETRE
UTILISER DANS LE CAS OU NOUS DISONS A UNE PERSONNE Q’IL DOIT FAIRE QUELQUE
CHOSE MAIS CECI NE SONNE PAS TELLEMENT COMME UNE OBLIGATION STRICT ET QU’IL
Y A UNE AUTRE ALTERNATIVE A SUIVRE.

EXEMPLE: SHE HAS TO TRAVEL IN USA THE NEXT YEAR

TRADUCTION : ELLE DOIT VOYAGER AUX ETAT UNIS L’ANNEE PROCHAINE

EN EXAMINENT UNE FOIS DE PLUS L’EXEMPLE CI-DESSUS NOUS NOTERRONS QUE LE

SUJET « SHE » N’EST PAS DANS UNE STRICT OBLIGATION DE VOYAGER SEULEMENT
L’ANNEE SUIVANTE OU D’AVOIR QU’UNE SEULE DESTINATION NON MAIS QU’IL PEUT
ARRIVER QUE LE SUJET « SHE » CHANGE D’AVIS PAR RAPPOT A L’ANNE SOIT A LA
DESTINATION.
 64
LIST OF REGULAR
AND IRREGULAR VERBS
(La liste des verbes réguliers et irréguliers)

INFINITIVE PAST TENSE PAST TRANSLATION

PARTICIPLE
TO LIVE LIVED LIVED HABITER
TO LOVE LOVED LOVED AIMER
TO LIKE LIKED LIKED AIMER
TO DESTROY TO DESTROYED TO DESTROYED DETRUIRE
TO KISS KISSED KISSED EMBRASSER
TO BORROW BORROWED BORROWED EMPRUNTER
TO COOK COOKED COOKED CUISINER
TO WISH WISHED WISHED SOUHAITER
TO ADVISE ADVISED ADVISED CONSEILLER
TO WASH WASHED WASHED LAVER
TO CLEAN CLEANED CLEANED NETTOYER
TO WAIT WAITED WAITED ATTENDRE
TO WORK WOLKED WOLKED TRAVILLER
TO LISTEN LISTENED LISTNED ECOUTER
TO PREACH PREACHED PREACHED PRECHER
TO LAUGH LAUGHED LAUGHED RIRE
TO DENY DENIED DENIED NIE, REFUSER
TO LIE LIED LIED MENTIR
TO WATCH WATCHED WATCHED REGARDE(T.V)
TO HAPPEN HAPPENED HAPPENED SE PASSER
TO FISH FISHED FISHED PECHER
TO DRESS DRESSED DRESSED HABILLER
TO PLAY PLAYED PLAYED JOUER
TO REST RESTED RESTED SE REPOSER
TO REACH REACHED REACHED ATTEINDRE
TO TOUCH TOUCHED TOUCHED TOUCHER
TO PUSH PUSHED PUSHED POUSSER
TO FILL FILLED FILLED REMPLIR
TO PULL PULLED PULLED TIRER
TO STUDY STUDIED STUDIED ETUDIER
TO FAIL FAILED FAILED ECHOUER
TO SUCCEED SUCCEEDED SUCCEEDED REUSIR
TO CALL CALLED CALLED APPELER
TO PASS PASSED PASSED PASSER
 65
TO FORCE FORCED FORCED FORCER
TO JUMP JUMPED JUMPED SAUTER
TO START STARTED STARTED COMMENCER
TO TALK TALKED TALKED PARLER
TO REMOVE REMOVED REMOVED ENLEVER
TO STEP STEPED STEPED FAIRE UN PAS
TO STOP STOPED STOPED ARRETER
TO SHAVE SHAVED SHAVED COIFFER, RASER
TO SAVE SAVED SAVED SAUVER
TO MOVE MOVED MOVED SE DEPLACER
TO GREET GREETED GREETED SALUER
TO HATE HATED HATED HAIR
TO NEGLECT NEGLECTED NEGLECTED NEGLIJER
TO SLAPE SLAPED SLAPED JIFFLER
TO SHOP SHOPPED SHOPPED FAIREDES
ACHATS
TO SHOUT SHOUTED SHOUTED CRIER
TO CRY CRIED CRIED CRIER, PLEURER
TO WALK WALKED WALKED MARCHER
TO LIFT LIFTED LIFTED ELEVER,
SOULEVER
TO KNOCK KNOCKED KNOCKED FRAPPER
TO ALLOW ALLOWED ALLOWED PERMETRE
TO SMILE SMILED SMILED SOURIR
TO REMEMBER REMEMBERED REMEMBERED SE SOUVENIR

TO HAVE TO HAD TO HAD AVOIR

TO BE WAS BEEN ETRE
TO DO DID DONE FAIRE
TO MAKE MADE MADE FAIRE,
FABRIQUER
TO TAKE TOOK TAKEN PRENDRE
TO SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT DORMIR
TO WEEP WEPT WEPT PLEURER
TO SEE SAW SEEN VOIR
TO CUT CUT CUT COUPER
TO COME CAME COME VENIR
TO TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT ENSEIGNER
TO BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT AMENER,
APPORTER
TO RISE ROSE RISEN SE LEVER
TO MEAN MEANT MEANT SIGNIFIER
TO LIGHT LIT LIT ALLUMER
TO HIDE HID HIDDEN CACHER
TO KNEEL KNELT KNELT S’AGENOUILLER
 66
TO LEND LENT LENT PRETER
TO READ READ READ LIRE
TO GRIND GROUND GROUND MOUDRE
TO GROW GREW GROWN GRANDIR,
CROITTRE
TO FLEE FLED FLED S’ENFOUIR
TO DWELL DWELT DWELT DEMEURER
TO BEND BENT BENT PLIER,
COURBER
TO CREEP CREPT CREPT RAMPER
TO BEAR BORE BORNE SUBIR, PORTER
TO SET SET SET FIXER,
INTALLER
TO PUT PUT PUT METTRE, POSER
TO SHOOT SHOT SHOT TIRER,
FUSILLER
TO SHUT SHUT SHUT FERMER
TO HEAR HEARD HEARD ECOUTER
TO SING SANG SUNG CHANTER
TO STICK STUCK STUCK COLLER
TO SHOW SHOWED SHOWN MONTRE
TO UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD COMPRENDRE
TO SPELL SPELT SPELT EPPELER
TO STEAL STOLE STOLEN VOLER
TO BREAK BROKE BROKEN CASSER, BRISER
TO SWING SWANG SWUNG BALANCER
TO HOLD HELD HELD TENIR
TO SMELL SMELT SMELT SENTIRE ODEUR
TO FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT COMBATRE, SE
BATTRE
TO BUILD BUILT BUILT CONSTRUIRE
TO HURT HURT HURT BLESSER
TO LAY LAID LAID POSER, METTRE
TO LET LET LET LAISSER
TO MEET MET MET RENCONTRER
TO MISTAKE MISTOOK MISTAKEN SE TROMPER
TO KEEP KEPT KEPT GARDER
TO FLY FLEW FLOWN VOLER POUR
OISEAU
TO BURN BURNT BURNT BRULER
TO SPIT SPAT SPAT CRACHER
TO HIT HIT HIT FRAPPER
TO KNOW KNEW KNOWN CONNAITRE
TA EAT ATE EATEN MANGER
TO BLEED BLED BLED SAIGNER
 67
TO AWAKE AWOKE AWOKEN S’EVEILLER
TO BITE BIT BITTEN MORDRE
TO STRICK STRUCK STRUCK FRAPPER
TO GO WENT GONE ALLER
TO THINK THOUGHT THOUGHT PENSER
TO TEAR TORE TORN DECHIRER
TO SHAKE SHOOKE SHAKEN SECOUER
TO SELL SOLD SOLD VENDRE
TO BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT ACHETER
TO SIT SAT SAT S’ASSEOIRE
TO STAND STOOD STOOD SE METTRE
DEBOUT
TO SAY SAID SAID DIRE
TO SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN PARLER
TO GIVE GAVE GIVEN DONNER
TO FEEL FELT FELT SENTIR,
SENTIMENT
 68
Table des matières
CONTENTS

THE CONJUGATION ........................................................................................................................ 1

/LA CONJUGAISON/ ............................................................................................................................ 1
AUXILIARY VERBS ................................................................................................................................. 6
LES VERBES AUXILIAIRES ......................................................................................................................... 6
THE VERB TO BE ............................................................................................................................... 9
Le verbe être ...................................................................................................................................... 9
THE VERB TO HAVE ....................................................................................................................... 26
Le verbe avoir .................................................................................................................................. 26
THE VERB TO DO ............................................................................................................................ 46
Le verbe FAIRE................................................................................................................................. 46
THE VERB CAN................................................................................................................................. 54
Le verbe pouvoir............................................................................................................................. 54
THE VERB MUST .............................................................................................................................. 57
Le verbe devoir ............................................................................................................................... 57
THE VERB TO HAVE TO ................................................................................................................ 59
Le verbe devoir ............................................................................................................................... 59