Asia 1

Asia
 Asia is the largest continent in the world

 Asia lies almost wholly in the northern and eastern hemisphere
 It is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea in
the West
 The Caucasus Mountains in the south-west
 The Arctic ocean lies to the north
 The Pacific Ocean lies to the east
 The Indian Ocean lies to the South
 Asia extends from 10 S to 80 N. Its east west extent is 9700km. It extends
from 25 E to about 170 W. There is a time difference of about 11 hours
between the Anatolian Plain in the west and the Pacific coast in the east
because of Asia’s vast latitudinal extent
 48 independent countries
 A group of islands(archipelago)-The Philippines, Japan, Indonesia
 Russia, China, India- largest
 Singapore ,Maldives , Bahrain- smallest
Asia is a continent of contrast because it has great variety and diversity in

physical, cultural and economic characteristics
Coldest place- Verkhoyansk, Russia- -70C
Warmest place- Dasht- e Lut, Iran 71 C
Highest elevation-Mount Everest(8850m)
Lowest point- dead sea (400m below sea level)
1. East Asia
 China, Japan
 East Asia has some of the world’s busiest cities-Hong Kong, Beijing
Shanghai, Tokyo
2. North Asia
 Comprises the Asian part of Russia, which includes Siberia and Russian Far
East
 The western part of Russia lies in the west of the Ural Mountains
 Winters long and severe with heavy snowfall while the summers are short
and cool
 The extreme winter conditions make this regions sparsely populated
3. Central Asia
 Kazakhstan, Afghanistan
 This region extends from the Caspian Sea to the border of western China
 Altai Mountains in the east , lies in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan
 The two main rivers of Central Asia are the Amu Darya and Syr Darya
because the region remains quite dry for most of the year.
4. South East Asia

 Northern Part-Thailand, Vietnam
 Southern part-Malaysia, Singapore
 South-east Asia is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the west, and Pacific
Ocean in the east
5. South Asia
 India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Maldives, Bangladesh
 It is bounded on the north by the Himalayan mountains
 East by the Bay of Bengal
 West by the Arabian Sea
 South by the Indian Ocean
6. West Asia/ western Asia

 Iran, Israel
 This region is not densely populated because of its inhospitable climate
Physical features
o The Northern Lowlands
o The Central Fold Mountains and Inter-montane plateaux
o The Southern Plateaux
o The Great River Valley
o The Island Chains
1) The Northern Lowlands

 This stretch of low lying land extends from the Ural Mountains in the west
up to the Bering Strait in the north-east
 Ob, Yenisey, Lena (Great Siberian Plains), they are Marshy and swampy
Lowlands
 The lower courses and mouths of the river freeze in winter
 Water coming from the upper courses, which are situated in warmer
latitudes spread out over large parts of the plain
 Turan Plain- it is drained by the river Amu Darya and Syr Darya
2) The Central Fold Mountains and Inter-montane plateaux

 Several mountain ranges meet in a small zone that has been named The
Pamir Knot
 Knot- several mountain ranges appear to radiate outwards in different
direction
 east - the Kunlun
 north- the Tien Shan
 South easterly - The Himalayas
 South-eastwards - The Karakoram Range is a short range between the
Kunlun and the Himalayas
 The Plateau of Tibet is an Inter-Montane Plateau-lies between the Kunlun
and the Himalayas
 Plateau of Tibet is also called the roof of the world as it is the highest
flatland in the world at an average height of 4880 m above sea level.
 Inter-montane plateau- a plateau located between mountain ranges
 To the West - the Hindu Kush Range continues further westwards as The
Elburz Mountains
 South-westwards - The Sulaiman Range radiates and continues as the
Kirthar and the Zagros ranges (These mountains enclose the plateau of
Iran)
 They converge at another smaller knot called the Armenian Knot
 Two mountain ranges, The Pontine in the north and the Taurus in the
South radiate westwards from the knot
 They enclose the Plateau of Anatolia between them
Mount Everest in the Himalayas is the highest peak in the world and Mt K2 or
Godwin Austin in the Karakoram range is the second highest peak
3) The Southern Plateaux

 The Arabian Plateau, the Deccan Plateau and the Shan and Yunnan
Plateaux
 The Arabian Plateau is steeper in the west, but gently slopes eastwards
towards the Persian Gulf
 It is a dry plateau as it is in the region of lower rainfall and has no rivers
 The Deccan Plateau of India lies between the western Ghats and eastern
Ghats
 The Shan Plateau in Myanmar
 The Yunnan Plateau in China
 This Plateau is drained by the river Salween, Mekong, and Si Kiang
4) The Great River valleys

 The Mesopotamian plains in Iraq- Between the two rivers Tigris and
Euphrates
 Ganga- Brahmaputra Plains- are spread across north India and Bangladesh
 The Chang Jiang(Yangtze) is Asia’s longest river
 The Manchurian plain is formed by river Amur
 Plains of Indo China are formed by the river Mekong and Menam
5) The island chains

 A series of is chains lie to the east, and south-east of mainland Asia
 From the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Pacific Ocean onward,
these are the Kuril Islands, the Japanese islands(Honshu , Shikoku), The
Ryukyu Islands, the Philippines and the Indonesian Islands
 The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and the
Lakshadweep Islands are in South Asia

Asia 1

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Asia

 Asia is the largest continent in the world

Asia is a continent of contrast because it has great variety and diversity in

4. South East Asia

6. West Asia/ western Asia

1) The Northern Lowlands

2) The Central Fold Mountains and Inter-montane plateaux

3) The Southern Plateaux

4) The Great River valleys

5) The island chains

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