ALLENHOUSE INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
Rooma, Kanpur (U.P.)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

COMPUTER NETWORKS LAB FILE

(KCS-653)

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Name: ADNAN AHMED Mr. AJAY PRATAP SINGH
Roll No: 2105051530009
Branch: CS(AI&ML)
 INDEX

S.No. Practical Name Performed Submission Faculty

Date Date Signature

1. Study of different types of

Network cables and Practically
implement the cross-wired 05/03/24 05/03/24
cable and straight throughcable
using clamping tool.
2.
Study of Network Devices in Detail. 06/03/24 06/03/24

3.
Study of network IP. 12/03/24 12/03/24
4. Configure a Network topology using
packet tracer software. 12/03/24 12/03/24

5. Study of basic Network

Command and Network 13/03/24 13/03/24
Configuration Commands.
6. Implementation of Stop and
WaitProtocol and Sliding 19/03/24 19/03/24
Window Protocol.

7. Study of Socket Programming

and Client – Server model. 02/04/24 02/04/24
8. Write a code simulating ARP
/RARP protocols. 03/04/24 03/04/24
9. Write a code simulating PING
and TRACEROUTE commands. 26/04/24 26/04/24

10. Write a program to implement RPC

(Remote Procedure Call). 03/05/24 03/05/24
 EXPERIMENT-01
Aim:- Study of different types of Network cables and Practically
implement the cross- wired cable and straight through cable using
clamping tool.
Apparatus (Components): RJ-45 connector, Climping Tool, Twisted pair Cable
Procedure: To do these practical following steps should be done:

1. Start by stripping off about 2 inches of the plastic jacket off the end of the cable. Be very
careful at this point, as to not nick or cut into the wires, which are inside. Doing so could alter
the characteristics of your cable, or even worse render is useless. Check the wires, one more
time for nicks or cuts. If there are any, just whack the whole end off, and start over.

2. Spread the wires apart, but be sure to hold onto the base of the jacket with your other hand.
You do not want the wires to become untwisted down inside the jacket. Category 5 cable
must only have 1/2 of an inch of 'untwisted' wire at the end; otherwise it will be 'out of spec'.
At this point, you obviously have ALOT more than 1/2 of an inch of un-twisted wire.

3. You have 2 end jacks, which must be installed on your cable. If you are using a pre-made
cable, with one of the ends whacked off, you only have one end to install - the crossed over
end. Below are two diagrams, which show how you need to arrange the cables for each type
of cable end. Decide at this point which end you are making and examine the associated
picture below.
Diagram shows you how to prepare Cross wired connection
Diagram shows you how to prepare straight through wired connection
 EXPERIMENT-02
Aim:- Study of following Network Devices in Detail:
• Repeater
• Hub
• Switch
• Bridge
• Router
• Gate Way

Apparatus (Software): No software or hardware needed.

Procedure: Following should be done to understand this practical.

1. Repeater:Functioning at Physical Layer.A repeater is an electronic device that receives a

signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an
obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances. Repeater have two ports ,so cannot
be use to connect for more than two devices

2. Hub: An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, hub or concentrator
is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together and
making them act as a single network segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the
OSI model. The device is a form of multiport repeater. Repeater hubs also participate in
collision detection, forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision.

3. Switch:A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that

connects network segments.The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes and
routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally process
data at the network layer (layer 3 and above) are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or
multilayer switches.

4. Bridge: A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer
(Layer 2) of the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally means a device
that behaves according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and switch are very much
alike; a switch being a bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer 2 switch is often used
interchangeably with bridge.Bridges can analyze incoming data packets to determine if the
bridge is able to send the given packet to another segment of the network.

5. Router: A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer

networks, and selectively interchanges packets of data between them. Each data packet
contains address information that a router can use to determine if the source and destination
are on the same network, or if the data packet must be transferred from one network to
another. Where multiple routers are used in a large collection of interconnected networks, the
routers exchange information about target system addresses, so that each router can build up
a table showing the preferred paths between any two systems on the interconnected networks.

6. Gate Way: In a communications network, a network node equipped for interfacing with
another network that uses different protocols.
• A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance matching
devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as necessary to provide
system interoperability. It also requires the establishment of mutually acceptable
administrative procedures between both networks.
• A protocol translation/mapping gateway interconnects networks with different
network protocol technologies by performing the required protocol conversions.
 EXPERIMENT- 03

Aim:- Study of network

IP.

• Classification of IP address
• Sub netting
• Super netting

Apparatus (Software): NA

Procedure: Following is required to be study under this practical.

• Classification of IP address

As show in figure we teach how the ip addresses are classified and when they are used.

Class Address Range Supports

Class A 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
Class B 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
Class C 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
Class D 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 Reserved.

• Sub netting
Why we Develop sub netting and How to calculate subnet mask and how to identify subnet
address.

• Super netting
Why we develop super netting and How to calculate supernet mask and how to identify
supernet address.
 EXPERIMENT-04
Aim: Configure a Network topology using packet tracer

software.

Apparatus (Software): Packet tracer Software

Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology is required to be

configured using the commands learned in previous practical.

After configuring the given network a packet should be ping from any one machine to
another.

Router0 Configuration Command :.........

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Press RETURN to get started!

Router>

Router>Enable

Router#config t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#hostname router0

router0(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

router0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

router0(config-if)#description router0 fastethernet 0/0

router0(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

router0(config-if)#exit

router0(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1

router0(config-if)#description router0 fastethernet 0/1

router0(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

router0(config-if)#exit

router0(config)#exit

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

router0#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 437 bytes

!

version 12.4

no service password-encryption

hostname router0

ip ssh version 1

interface FastEthernet0/0

description router0 fastethernet 0/0

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

interface FastEthernet0/1

description router0 fastethernet 0/1

no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

interface Vlan1

no ip address
shutdown

ip classless

line con 0

line vty 0 4

login

end

router0#

router0#

router0#copy running-config startup-config

Destination filename [startup-config]?

Building configuration...

[OK]

router0#
 EXPERIMENT- 05
Aim: Study of basic network command and Network configuration commands.

Apparatus (Software): Command Prompt And Packet Tracer.

Procedure: To do this EXPERIMENT- follows these steps:

In this EXPERIMENT- students have to understand basic networking commands e.g ping,
tracert etc.

All commands related to Network configuration which includes how to switch to privilege
mode and normal mode and how to configure router interface and how to save this
configuration to flash memory or permanent memory.

This commands includes

• Configuring the Router commands

• General Commands to configure network
• Privileged Mode commands of a router
• Router Processes & Statistics
• IP Commands
• Other IP Commands e.g. show ip route etc.

ping:
ping(8) sends an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet to the specified host. If the host responds,
you get an ICMP packet back. Sound strange? Well, you can “ping” an IP address to see if a
machine is alive. If there is no response, you know something is wrong.
Traceroute:

Tracert is a command which can show you the path a packet of information takes from your
computer to one you specify. It will list all the routers it passes through until it reaches its
destination, or fails to and is discarded. In addition to this, it will tell you how long each 'hop'
from router to router takes.
nslookup:

Displays information from Domain Name System (DNS) name servers.

NOTE :If you write the command as above it shows as default your pc's server name firstly.

pathping:

A better version of tracert that gives you statics about packet lost and latency.
Getting Help

In any command mode, you can get a list of available commands by entering a question mark (?).

Router>?

To obtain a list of commands that begin with a particular character sequence, type in those
haracters followed immediately by the question mark (?).

Router#co?

configure connect copy

To list keywords or arguments, enter a question mark in place of a keyword or argument. Include
a space before the question mark.

Router#configure ?

memory Configure from NV memory

network Configure from a TFTP network host
terminal Configure from the terminal
You can also abbreviate commands and keywords by entering just enough characters to make the
command unique from other commands. For example, you can abbreviate the show command to
sh.

Configuration Files

Any time you make changes to the router configuration, you must save the changes to memory
because if you do not they will be lost if there is a system reload or power outage. There are two
types of configuration files: the running (current operating) configuration and the startup
configuration.
Use the following privileged mode commands to work with configuration files.
 • configure terminal – modify the running configuration manually from the terminal.

• show running-config – display the running configuration.

• show startup-config – display the startup configuration.

• copy running-config startup-config – copy the running configuration to the startup

configuration.

• copy startup-config running-config – copy the startup configuration to the running

configuration.

• erase startup-config – erase the startup-configuration in NVRAM.

• copy tftp running-config – load a configuration file stored on a Trivial File

Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server into the running configuration.

• copy running-config tftp – store the running configuration on a TFTP server.

IP Address Configuration

Take the following steps to configure the IP address of an interface.

Step 1: Enter privileged EXEC mode:

Router>enable password

Step 2: Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode.

Router#config terminal

Step 3: Enter the interface type slot/port (for Cisco 7000 series) or interface type port (for Cisco
2500 series) to enter the interface configuration mode.

Example:
Router (config)#interface ethernet 0/1
Step 4: Enter the IP address and subnet mask of the interface using the ip address ipaddress
subnetmask command.

Example,
Router (config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

Step 5: Exit the configuration mode by pressing Ctrl-Z

Router(config-if)#[Ctrl-Z]
 EXPERIMENT-06

Implementation of Stop and Wait Protocol and SlidingWindow

Protocol
AIM:
To write a java program to perform sliding window.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.
2. Get the frame size from the user
3. To create the frame based on the user request.
4. To send frames to server from the client side.
5. If your frames reach the server it will send ACK signal to client otherwise it will
send NACK signal to client.
6. Stop the program
Program :
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.rmi.*;
public class slidsender
{
public static void main(String a[])throws Exception
{
ServerSocket ser=new
ServerSocket(10); Socket s=ser.accept();
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
DataInputStream in1=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
String sbuff[]=new String[8];
PrintStream p;
int sptr=0,sws=8,nf,ano,i;
String ch;
do
{
p=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
System.out.print("Enter the no. of frames :
"); nf=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
p.println(nf);

if(nf<=sws-1)
{
System.out.println("Enter "+nf+" Messages to be send\n");
for(i=1;i<=nf;i++)

{
sbuff[sptr]=in.readLine();
p.println(sbuff[sptr]);
sptr=++sptr%8;
}
sws-=nf;

System.out.print("Acknowledgment received");
ano=Integer.parseInt(in1.readLine());
System.out.println(" for "+ano+" frames");
sws+=nf;
}
else
{
System.out.println("The no. of frames exceeds window
size"); break;
}
System.out.print("\nDo you wants to send some more frames : ");
ch=in.readLine(); p.println(ch);
}
while(ch.equals("yes"));
s.close();
}
}
RECEIVER PROGRAM
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
class slidreceiver
{
public static void main(String a[])throws Exception
{
Socket s=new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),10);
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
PrintStream p=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
int i=0,rptr=-1,nf,rws=8;
String rbuf[]=new String[8];
String ch; System.out.println();
do

{
nf=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine())i
f(nf<=rws-1)
{

for(i=1;i<=nf;i++)
{
rptr=++rptr%8;
rbuf[rptr]=in.readLine();
System.out.println("The received Frame " +rptr+" is : "+rbuf[rptr]);
}
rws-=nf;
System.out.println("\nAcknowledgment
sent\n"); p.println(rptr+1); rws+=nf; }
else
break;
ch=in.readLine();
}
while(ch.equals("yes"));
}
}

OUTPUT:
//SENDER OUTPUT
Enter the no. of frames : 4
Enter 4 Messages to be send
hiii
how r u
i am fine
how is evryone
Acknowledgment received for 4 frames
Do you wants to send some more frames : no
//RECEIVER OUTPUT
The received Frame 0 is : hiii
The received Frame 1 is : how r u
The received Frame 2 is : i am fine
The received Frame 3 is : how is everyone
RESULT:
Thus the program for implementing stop and wait protocol and
sliding window protocol was executed successfully.
 EXPERIMENT-07

AIM:
To implement socket programming date and time display from client to server using TCP
Sockets
ALGORITHM:
Server
1. Create a server socket and bind it to port.
2. Listen for new connection and when a connection arrives, accept it.
3. Send server‟s date and time to the client.
4. Read client‟s IP address sent by the client.
5. Display the client details.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 until the server is terminated.
7. Close all streams.
8. Close the server socket.
9. Stop.
Client
1. Create a client socket and connect it to the server‟s port number.
2. Retrieve its own IP address using built-in function.
3. Send its address to the server.
4. Display the date & time sent by the server.
5. Close the input and output streams.
6. Close the client socket.
7. Stop.

PROGRAM:
//TCP Date Server--tcpdateserver.java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
class tcpdateserver
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket cs; PrintStream ps;
BufferedReader dis;
String inet; try
{

ss = new ServerSocket(4444);
System.out.println("Press Ctrl+C to quit"); while(true)
{
cs = ss.accept();
ps = new PrintStream(cs.getOutputStream());

Date d = new
Date() ps.println(d);
dis = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(cs.getInputStream()));
inet = dis.readLine(); System.out.println("Client System/IP address is :"+
inet); ps.close(); dis.close();
}
}
catch(IOException e)
{ System.out.println("The exception is :" + e);
}
}
}
// TCP Date Client--tcpdateclient.java
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
class tcpdateclient
{
public static void main (String args[])
{ Socket soc; BufferedReader dis;
String sdate; PrintStream ps;
try { InetAddress ia =
InetAddress.getLocalHost(); if (args.length == 0)
soc = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(),4444);
else soc = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName(args[0]),4444);
dis = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(soc.getInputStream()));
sdate=dis.readLine(); System.out.println("The date/time on server is : "
+sdate); ps = new PrintStream(soc.getOutputStream());
ps.println(ia);
ps.close();
catch(IOException e)
{
System.out.println("THE EXCEPTION is :" + e);
}
}
}

OUTPUT
$ javac tcpdateserver.java
$ java tcpdateserver
Press Ctrl+C to quit Client System/IP address is : localhost.localdomain/127.0.0.1
Client System/IP address is : localhost.localdomain/127.0.0.1

Client: $
javac tcpdateclient.java $ java tcpdateclient The date/time on server is: Wed Jul 06
07:12:03 GMT 2011
Every time when a client connects to the server, server‟s date/time will be returned to the
client for synchronization.
RESULT:
Thus the program for implementing to display date and time from client to server
using TCP Sockets was executed successfully and output verified using various samples.
 EXPERIMENT- 08

Aim:
To write a java program for simulating arp/rarp protocols
ALGORITHM:
server
1. Create a server socket and bind it to port.
2. Listen for new connection and when a connection arrives, accept it.
3. Send server‟s date and time to the client.
4. Read client‟s IP address sent by the client.
5. Display the client details.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 until the server is terminated.
7. Close all streams.
8. Close the server socket.
9. Stop.
Client
1. Create a client socket and connect it to the server‟s port number.
2. Retrieve its own IP address using built-in function.
3. Send its address to the server.
4. Display the date & time sent by the server.
5. Close the input and output streams.
6. Close the client socket.
7. Stop.

Program
Program for Address Resolutuion Protocol (ARP) using TCP
Client:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class Clientarp
{
public static void main(String args[])

{
try

{
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
Socket clsct=new Socket("127.0.0.1",139);
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(clsct.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(clsct.getOutputStream());
System.out.println("Enter the Logical address(IP):");
String str1=in.readLine();
dout.writeBytes(str1+'\n');
String str=din.readLine();
System.out.println("The Physical Address is: "+str);
clsct.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
Server:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class Serverarp
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
ServerSocket obj=new ServerSocket(139);
Socket obj1=obj.accept();
while(true)
{
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(obj1.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(obj1.getOutputStream());
String str=din.readLine();

String ip[]={"165.165.80.80","165.165.79.1"};
String mac[]={"6A:08:AA:C2","8A:BC:E3:FA"};
for(int i=0;i<ip.length;i++)
{

if(str.equals(ip[i]))
{
dout.writeBytes(mac[i]+'\n');
break;
}
}
obj.close();
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
Output:
E:\networks>java Serverarp
E:\networks>java Clientarp
Enter the Logical
address(IP): 165.165.80.80
The Physical Address is: 6A:08:AA:C2

Program for Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) using UDPClient:

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class Clientrarp12
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
DatagramSocket client=new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress addr=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");

byte[] sendbyte=new byte[1024];

byte[] receivebyte=new byte[1024];
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Enter the Physical address (MAC):");

String str=in.readLine();
sendbyte=str.getBytes();
DatagramPacket sender=new
DatagramPacket(sendbyte,sendbyte.length,addr,1309);
client.send(sender);
DatagramPacket receiver=new DatagramPacket(receivebyte,receivebyte.length);
client.receive(receiver);
String s=new String(receiver.getData());
System.out.println("The Logical Address is(IP): "+s.trim());
client.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
Server:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class Serverrarp12
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
DatagramSocket server=new
DatagramSocket(1309); while(true)
{
byte[] sendbyte=new byte[1024];
byte[] receivebyte=new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket receiver=new
DatagramPacket(receivebyte,receivebyte.length);
server.receive(receiver);
String str=new String(receiver.getData());
String s=str.trim();

//System.out.println(s);
InetAddress addr=receiver.getAddress();
int port=receiver.getPort();

String ip[]={"165.165.80.80","165.165.79.1"};
String mac[]={"6A:08:AA:C2","8A:BC:E3:FA"};
for(int i=0;i<ip.length;i++)
{
if(s.equals(mac[i]))
{
sendbyte=ip[i].getBytes();
DatagramPacket sender=new
DatagramPacket(sendbyte,sendbyte.length,addr,port);
server.send(sender);
break;
}
}
break;
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
Output:

I:\ex>java Serverrarp12
I:\ex>java Clientrarp12
Enter the Physical address (MAC):
6A:08:AA:C2
The Logical Address is(IP): 165.165.80.80
Result :
Thus the program for implementing to display simulating ARP /RARP protocols.
 EXPERIMENT- 09
Aim:
To Write The java program for simulating ping and traceroute commands
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.
2. Get the frame size from the user
3. To create the frame based on the user request.
4. To send frames to server from the client side.
5. If your frames reach the server it will send ACK signal to client otherwise it will
send NACK signal to client.
6. Stop the program

Program
//pingclient.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.Calendar;
class pingclient
{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception
{
String str;
int c=0;
long t1,t2;
Socket s=new Socket("127.0.0.1",5555);
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
PrintStream out=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
while(c<4)
{
t1=System.currentTimeMillis();
str="Welcome to network programming world";
out.println(str);
System.out.println(dis.readLine());
t2=System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(";TTL="+(t2-t1)+"ms");
c++;
}

s.close();

}
}
//pingserver.java
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.text.*;
class pingserver
{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception
{
ServerSocket ss=new
ServerSocket(5555); Socket s=ss.accept();
int c=0;
while(c<4)
{
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
PrintStream out=new PrintStream(s.getOutputStream());
String str=dis.readLine();
out.println("Reply
from"+InetAddress.getLocalHost()+";Length"+str.length()); c++;
}
s.close();
}
}

Output :
Result:
Thus the program was implementing to simulating ping and traceroute commands
 Experiment -10

Aim:-
To write a java program to implement RPC (remote procedure call

Algorithm :
1. Start the program.
2. Get the frame size from the user
3. To create the frame based on the user request.
4. To send frames to server from the client side.
5. If your frames reach the server it will send ACK signal to client otherwise it will
send NACK signal to client.
6. Stop the program

Program:-
RPC PROGRAM
Client
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
class Clientrpc
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in)); Socket clsct=new Socket("127.0.0.1",139);
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(clsct.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(clsct.getOutputStream());
System.out.println("Enter
String"); String str=in.readLine();
dout.writeBytes(str+'\n');
clsct.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}

}
Server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;

import java.util.*;
class Serverrpc
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
ServerSocket obj=new
ServerSocket(139); while(true)
{
Socket obj1=obj.accept();
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(obj1.getInputStream());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(obj1.getOutputStream());
String str=din.readLine();
Process p=Runtime.getRuntime().exec(str);
}
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}

OUTPUT
Server
Y:\networks\remote>java
Serverrpc Client
Y:\networks\remote>java
Clientrpc Enter String
calc
Result :
Thus the program was implementing to implement RPC (remote procedure call