Chapter 7 EVOLUTION

ONE MARK QUESTIONS:

1. What does evolutionary biology deal with? (K)

3. How old is the universe? (K)

4. Mention the theory that explains the Origin of Universe. (K)

5. Name the galaxy to which earth belongs. (K)

6. Why the atmosphere on earth before the origin of life is regarded as reducing atmosphere? (A)

7. Who proposed the theory of chemical evolution of origin of life? (K)

8. When was the earth formed? (K)

9. What does the theory of Panspermia propose? (K)

10. State the theory of spontaneous generation.(K)

11. Who provided an experimental proof for chemical evolution of life? (K)

12. What was the temperature maintained in Stanley Miller's experiment in the spark discharge
chamber? (K)
13. What is ‘fitness’ according to Charles Darwin? (K)

14. What are fossils? (K)

15. Name the method which is used to calculate the age of a fossil? (K)

16. Who proposed embryological evidence for evolution? (K)

17. Who disapproved the embryological evidence for evolution which was proposed by E Heckel? (K)

18. What are homologous organs ? (K)

19. Mention an example for homologous organs. (K)

20. Define divergent evolution. (K)

21. Give an example for divergent evolution. (K)

22. What kind of evolution thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita represent? (K)

23. With respect to evolution, what do the forelimbs of whales, bats and cheetah signify? (K)

24. “Even though the forelimbs of bat, whale, cheetah and human being perform different functions,
they indicate common ancestry”. Justify the statement. (A)

25. “Homologous organs originated due to divergent evolution”. Justify with a reason. (A)
26. What are analogous organs? (K)

27. Give an example for analogous organs. (K)

28. Define convergent evolution. (K)

29. Give an example for convergent evolution. (K)

30. Why the wings of butterfly and birds are called analogous organs? (A)

31. “Analogous organs arose due to convergent evolution”. Justify with a reason. (A)

32. Why evolution is considered as a stochastic process? (A)

33. Anthropogenic action hastens evolution. Justify with an example. (A)

34. State a reason for the increased population of dark coloured moths coinciding with the loss of

lichens (on tree barks) during industrialization period in England. (A)

35. What is adaptive radiation? (K)

36. Give an example for adaptive radiation. (K)

37. “Darwin’s finches represent one of the best examples of adaptive radiation”. Justify. (A)

38. “Australian marsupials represent one of the best examples of adaptive radiation”. Justify. (A)
39. Define saltation. (K)

40. What is the reason for speciation according to Hugo de Vries? (K)

41. Name the plant on which Hugo de Vries worked. (K)

42. Define gene pool. (K)

43. Define gene frequency. (K)

44. Define genetic equilibrium. (K)

45. State Hardy-Weinberg's principle. (K)

46. What does Hardy-Weinberg equation p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 convey? (A)

47. What would an alteration in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium lead to? (A)

48. Define gene migration. (K)

49. Define gene flow. (K)

50. Define genetic drift. (K)

51. Define natural selection. (K)

52. Predict the type of natural selection in which more individuals acquire mean character value for

different traits. (A)

53. Predict the type of natural selection in which more individuals acquire value other than the mean

character value for different traits. (A)

54. Predict the type of natural selection in which more individuals acquire peripheral character value at

both ends of the distribution curve for different traits. (A)

55. When the first invertebrates formed on earth? (K)

56. Name the ancestors of modern day frogs and salamanders. (K)

57. When did jawless fish evolved on earth? (K)

58. When were the sea weeds found for the first time on earth? (K)

59. Which were the first organisms that invaded land? (K)

60. What is the significance of Coelacanth in evolution? (K)

61. Name the fish with stout and strong fins that appeared during the course of evolution which could

move on land and go back to water. (K)

62. Name the fish which evolved into the first amphibians. (K)

63. Name the ancestral form of dinosaurs. (K)

64. Name a fish like reptile that lived in water. (K)

65. Name the biggest dinosaur. (K)

66. When did dinosaurs disappear from earth? (K)

67. Name a character that makes reptiles more successful than amphibians. (K)

68. Name the first mammals to evolve on earth. (K)

69. Where did Australopithecines live? (K)

70. Write the scientific name of Java man. (K)

71. Name the ancestor of man who essentially ate fruit and hunted with stone weapon .(K)

72. Name the first human like being to evolve on earth. (K)

73. What is the brain capacity of Homo habilis? (K)

74. When was pre-historic cave art developed by Homo sapiens?(K)

75. What is the brain capacity of Homo erectus ?(K)

76. What is the brain capacity of Neanderthal man?(K)

77. Where did Neanderthal man live?(K)

78. Mention the approximate period in which Neanderthal man lived? (K)

79. Name the ancestor of human who used hides to protect his body and buried the dead.

80. Write the scientific name of man-like primate who probably lived in East African grasslands about 3

– 4 million years ago. (K)

81. Name the first human-like hominid to evolve who had a brain capacity of 650 – 800 cc. (K)

82. Write the scientific name of man-like primate that lived about 1.5 million years ago which had a

large brain with cranial capacity of 900 cc. and which probably ate meat. (K)

83. When did modern Homo sapiens arise? (K)

84. When did agriculture came and human settlements started? (K)

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS:

1. Explain Miller's experiment with the help of a neat labeled diagram. Write the conclusion that can be
drawn from the experiment. (S)

2. Explain evolution by natural selection by taking an example of white-winged moths and darkwinged
moths of England in pre and post-indutrialization period. (U)

3. How does comparative anatomy and morphology act as an evidence for evolution? Explain with the
help of suitable examples. (U)
4. Identify the following pairs as homologous or analogous. (K)

(a) Bones of forelimbs of whales and bats

(b) Eyes of octopus and of mammals

(c) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita

(d) Sweet potato and potato

(e) Wings of butterfly and birds.

5. According the Darwinian theory, the rate of appearance of new forms is linked to their life cycles.
Explain. (U)

6. Explain Darwin's view about evolution. (U)