 TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages 0.0 LIST OF ABBRVIATION…………………………….….

………………………...iii 1.0
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………...iv 2.0 THE
FIELDWORK………………………………….………………………...…………….1 Description
of Activities…………………………………………………………….…….……1 . 2.1
NETWORKING…………………………………………………...……………………….1-2 2.2
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)…………………………………...………………...….2 2.3
DEVICES OR TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY USED TO ESTABLISH LAN…..........3-7
2.4 SITE SURVEY………………………………………………………………………….….7-8 2.4.1
reasons behind site survey……………………………………………………………..........8
2.5 SURVEYING METHOD…………………………………………………………….……...8
2.5.1 passive method survey……………………………………………………………….
……...8 2.5.2 active method
survey……………………………………………………………......…….8-9 2.5.3 predictive
method survey……………………………………………………………………9 2.6 BILL OF
QUANTITIES (BOQ)……………………………………………………………9 2.7 NETWORK
DESIGN FOR LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)………………..............9 2.7.1
network design map for hostel block……………………………………………………….10
2.7.2 requirement and boq for lan installation in hostel
building………………………...….........11 2.7.3 requirements and boq for cctv
system installation in hostel…………...…………………...11 2.7.3 requirements
and boq for fire alarm system installation in hostel………………………….12
2.7.4 general total cost……………………………………………………………………………12
5.0 CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………………….…13 6.0
RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………………………...13 7.0
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………………15
0.0 LIST OF ABBRVIATION
Common terms and initials used in this report will be based only on the
following definition and some of them explained within a report.
LAN Local Area Network.
WAN Wide Area Network.
UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply.
PDU Power Distribution Unit.
CCTV Closed Circuit Television.
MAN Metropolitan Area Network.
U Units.
UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair.
BOQ Bills of Quantity.
TT Tiny Telephone.
VoipIP Voice Over Internet Protoco.
FIELD REPORT

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Under the College of KIITEC, Field study were provided within few weeks from
29th July 2024 to 4th Oct 2024. Area of study was university of Dodoma
specifically College of Informatics and Virtual Education (CIVE). The type of
observation analyzed within this report specifically concerning with all tools,
media, and whole technology applied in computer networking within various
area of study. The field study aimed to provide a proper foundation and
concept concerning with computer networking. The foundation such as
meaning of networking, General role and concept of local area networking,
Bill of quantity in networking, CCTV and fire System installation foundation in
Networking. The field work performed using observation and practical
sessions as the means of collecting accurate and proper related data. Various
platforms such as web-based application.

The relevant important theories, concept and technology applied within field
study. The use of Cisco products such as routers, switches and patch panel
with their corresponding user manual guide provided by Cisco were
considered while field study.
THE FIELDWORK I will in the following section describe the course of the
fieldwork and the methods utilized. This will be done in two subsections
relating to the different parts of the fieldwork. within this, I will cover what
leant from all field time.

Description of Activities Summary:

 Duration Tasks and Activities Aim of Training
(Motive)
Week 1 Mon- Introduction to LAN: Cover Able to Understand LAN
Fri the meaning of LAN, Aim of and how its work.
Training (Motive) Tools for
LAN installation and their
respective costs.
Week 2 Mon- Introduction to CCTV: Cover Practically connect and
Fri installation, tools and install new CCTV
appropriate costs. system, Fire system and
Introduction to Fire System: their appropriate costs.
Cover installation, devices
and their appropriate costs.
Week 3 Mon- Free VoipIP: Installation, Able to use Free PBX
Fri configuration, creation of phone system.
Extension and Trunks using
free PBX.
Week 4 Mon- Network Simulation: Able to configure
Fri Installation of Cisco Packet Network devices within
Tracer, configuration and and outside the
uses. Network Devices: The Network.
use of various network
devices and Practical
session how they work.
During field work, various major important concept about networking were
covered. In details the
following are the major parts discussed and analyzed in field area,
2.1 NETWORKING
Networking, also known as computer networking, is the practice of
transporting and exchanging
data between nodes over a shared medium in an information system.
Networking comprises not
only the design, construction and use of a network, but also the management,
maintenance and
operation of the network infrastructure, software and policies.
Computer networking enables devices and endpoints to be connected to each
other on a local area
network (LAN) or to a larger network, such as the internet or a private wide
area network (WAN).
This is an essential function for service providers, businesses and consumers
worldwide to share
resources, use or offer services, and communicate. Networking facilitates
everything from
telephone calls to text messaging to streaming video to the internet of things
(IoT).

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) A local area network (LAN) is a collection of

devices connected together in one physical location, such as a building, office,
or home. A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one
user to an enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office
or school. Regardless of size, a LAN's single defining characteristic is that it
connects devices that are in a single, limited area. In contrast, a wide area
network (WAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN) covers larger geographic
areas. Some WANs and MANs connect many LANs together.

DEVICES OR TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGY USED TO ESTABLISH LAN

For successful installation of local area network. Common and important
tools, technology or devices are required since they play a great role in
networking. Those devices analyzed as follow;

2.3.1 DATA WALLPLATE WITH ITS MODULES

This type of connector is generally used when transmitting data within a

computer network and is commonly found on computer and laptops.
Manufactured as Dual or single data wallplate. Main purpose is to create
connection between a source and the user or node. The data wallplate known
as Passive Networking device since does not need power to operate, also act
as essential device for termination of connection between nodes within a
Network.

2.3.2 UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE CAT 6

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) is a ubiquitous type of copper cabling used in
telephone wiring and local area networks. is currently the most common and
basic method of cable construction, consisting of pairs of wires twisted
together. There is no shielding, instead the symmetrical twist in the wires
create a balanced transmission line, helping to reduce electrical noise and
EMI.

CAT6 wire was originally designed to support gigabit Ethernet, although there
are standards that will allow gigabit transmission over CAT5e wire. It is similar
to CAT5e wire, but contains a physical separator between the four pairs to
further reduce electromagnetic interference. CAT6 is able to support speeds
of 1Gbps for lengths of up to 100 meters, and 10Gbps is also supported for
lengths of up to 55 meters.

Today with reference to field area, most new cabling installations use CAT6 as
a standard, however it is important to note that all cabling components (jacks,
patch panels, patch cords) must be CAT6 certified and extra caution must be
given to the proper termination of the cable ends.
2.3.3 PATCH PANEL

A patch panel, patch bay, patch field or jack field is a device or unit featuring a
number of jacks,
usually of the same or similar type, for the use of connecting and routing
circuits for monitoring,
interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner. Patch
panels are commonly
used in computer networking.

Patch panels bundle multiple network ports together to connect incoming and
outgoing lines
including those for local area networks, electronics, electrical systems and
communications. When
patch panels are part of a LAN, they can connect computers to other
computers and to outside
lines. Those lines, in turn, allow LANs to connect to wide area networks or to
the Internet. To
arrange circuits using a patch panel, you simply plug and unplug the
appropriate patch cords.
Troubleshooting problems are simplified with patch panels since they provide
a single location for
all input jacks.

2.3.4 DATA SWITCH

A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, and by the IEEE
MAC bridge)
is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by
using packet switching to
receive and forward data to the destination device.
Switches are key building blocks for any network. They connect multiple
devices, such as
computers, wireless access points, printers, and servers; on the same network
within a building or
campus. A switch enables connected devices to share information and talk to
each other within a
network.

2.3.5 DATA CABINET

A data center rack is a type of physical steel and electronic framework that is
designed to house
servers, networking devices, cables and other data center computing
equipment. This physical
structure provides equipment placement and orchestration within a data
center facility.
Cabinet. Server cabinets are like racks in that they can hold multiple modules
for electronic
equipment and proper organization of network cables.

2.3.6 PATCH CODES

A patch cable, patch cord or patch lead is an electrical or optical cable used to
connect ("patch in")
one electronic or optical device to another for signal routing. Devices of
different types (e.g., a
switch connected to a computer, or a switch to a router) are connected with
patch cords.
Patch cords are usually produced in many different colors so as to be easily
distinguishable, and
are relatively short, perhaps no longer than ten meters. Types of patch cords
include microphone cables, fiber optic spectroscopy cables, headphone
extension cables, XLR
connector, Tiny Telephone (TT) connector, RCA connector and TRS phone
connector cables (as
well as modular Ethernet cables), and thicker, hose-like cords (snake cable)
used to carry video or amplified signals. However, patch cords typically refer
only to short cords used with patch panels.

2.3.7 BRUSH OR CABLE ORGANIZERS

Those are tool used in Cable management is the organization of cables

connected to electrical
devices. This includes power cables, network cables, audio/video cables, and
many others.
Managing cables is a key aspect of a clean and safe home or work
environment.
Regardless of the application, cable management is an important part of any
electronic setup.
Simple cable management accessories, such as cable ties and cable sleeves,
can turn a tangled pile
of cables into a clean and organized space.

2.3.8 UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

An uninterruptible power supply or uninterruptible power source (UPS) is an

electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input
power source or mains power fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or
emergency power system or standby generator in that it will provide near-
instantaneous protection from input power interruptions, by supplying energy
stored in batteries, supercapacitors, or flywheels. The on-battery run-time of
most uninterruptible power sources is relatively short (only a few minutes)
but sufficient to start a standby power source or properly shut down the
protected equipment. it is a type of continual power system.

2.3.9 POWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT (PDU)

A power distribution unit (PDU) is a device fitted with multiple outputs

designed to distribute electric power, especially to racks of computers and
networking equipment located within a data center. Data centers face
challenges in power protection and management solutions. This is why many
data centers rely on PDU monitoring to improve efficiency, uptime, and
growth. For data center applications, the power requirement is typically much
larger than a home or office style power strips with power inputs as large. as
22 kVA or even greater. Most large data centers utilize PDUs with 3-phase
power input and 1-phase power output.

2.4 SITE SURVEY

Site surveys are inspections of an area where work is proposed, to gather

information for a design or an estimate to complete the initial tasks required
for an outdoor activity. It can determine a precise location, access, best
orientation for the site and the location of obstacles. The type of site survey
and the best practices required depend on the nature of the project. Examples
of projects requiring a preliminary site survey include urban construction,
specialized construction (such as the location for a telescope) and wireless
network design.

2.4.1 REASONS BEHIND SITE SURVEY

 Site Surveys Are Important, Especially for Network Installations and Upgrades,
A network upgrade requires extensive planning. Just like any project, a need is
identified and then a plan outlines the process from beginning to end. A good
project plan helps identify any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or
threats (SWOT). The plan clearly defines the tasks, and the order in which the
tasks are to be completed. A network that is a patchwork of devices strung
together, using a mixture of technologies and protocols, is usually an indicator
of poor initial planning. These types of networks are susceptible to downtime,
and are difficult to maintain and troubleshoot.

To produce up-to-date Engineering Plans of the areas in which the work will
be carried out. These plans form the basis for the design of the construction,
and so the reliability of the design depends heavily on the attention to detail
with which the survey is carried out.

To record the final position of the construction, including any design changes.
Include any additional number of materials which are supposed to be used in
networking design.

To ensure that the designing takes place in the correct relative and absolute
position on the place as analyzed.

2.5 SURVEYING METHOD

A survey is a research method used for collecting data from a predefined

group of respondents to gain information and insights into various topics of
interest. They can have multiple purposes, and researchers can conduct it in
many ways. Survey methods analyzed as follow;

2.5.1 PASSIVE METHOD SURVEY

Passive surveys are surveys that are performed with a listen-only mode. The
survey client never
associates to the access point (AP). Such surveys can be helpful when you look
for rogue devices
or you want a good gauge of downlink RF coverage from the infrastructure
devices.

These can be accomplished with a passive survey:

• Identify rogues
• Locate RF trouble zones quickly
• Validate final RF setting
• Perform initial surveys

The most significant loss of information with passive surveys is uplink

information, Physical
(PHY) rate boundaries and retransmission. PHY rates are generally based on
RF signal and noise
levels. A passive survey only reports signal propagation for beacons measured
by particular clients.
PHY rates can only be measured by actual data that is sent to and from an AP.

2.5.2 ACTIVE METHOD SURVEY

Active surveys are performed with the survey client associated to the APs
used throughout the
survey. When a client is associated, it performs all the tasks a typical 802.11
client performs, which
includes rate shifting data rates as the RF condition changes and performs
retransmissions. Active
surveys are commonly used for new WLAN deployments because they provide
the most details
upon which to base a design.

There are two main methods used in active surveys:

 • Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) Method: This method locks a client into
an AP’s radio
MAC address and prevents the client from roaming.

• Service Set Identifier (SSID) Method: This is more commonly used for post-
deployment
scenarios and used to survey multiple APs. It enables the survey client to
associate to an
SSID where the client roams between multiple APs.

2.5.3 PREDICTIVE METHOD SURVEYS

Predictive surveys are performed with a software program. The program uses
the information
about the coverage area to perform AP placements based on RF algorithms.

These surveys are typically void of any type of field measurements.

The best times to incorporate a predictive survey include:
• When the deployment environment has not yet been built.
• In order to obtain a budgetary environment for WLAN-related hardware.
• When roaming requirements are less stringent.

2.6 BILL OF QUANTITIES (BOQ)

The bill of quantities (sometimes referred to as 'BOQ' or 'BQ') is a document
prepared by the cost consultant (often a quantity surveyor) that provides
project specific measured quantities of the
items of work identified by the drawings and specifications in the tender
documentation.
The quantities may be measured in number, length, area, volume, weight or
time.

Preparing a bill of quantities requires that the design is complete and a

specification has been prepared.
It is very important that bills of quantities are prepared according to a
standard, widely recognized methodology. This helps avoid any ambiguities or
misunderstandings and so helps avoid disputes arising through different
interpretations of what has been priced. The bill of quantities should identify
the different kinds of work required, but should not specify them as this can
lead to confusion between information in the bill of quantities and
information in the specification itself.