APLL Note
APLL Note
1. Define of Computer:-
Computer is an electromachanical device. Through this machine we can send data and
information from external source through input devices. Then after processing CPU gives us a result
through output devices. So we can execute various tasks very easily with accuracy by it. This device is
known as Computer.
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Or
Computer is a high speed electronic device. That record manipulates and retrieves data through
output devices. Computer is actually a machine capable of carrying out a sequence of logical and
arithmetical operations called are a program.
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COMPUTER
Large Small
COMPUTER
System Networking
Compiler
Software
MS Office
Goole Chrome
Hardware
Type of Monitor:-
Type of Device:-
Input
DEVICE Processing
Output
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Basic components of a Digital Computer:-
1. Input Device
2. Processing Device
3. Output Device
4. Memory
Input Device:- To collect or accept data and information from external source we
should use some devices of computer. This type of devices as known as Input device.
For example-Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner etc.
Processing Device:- The CPU is the processing device of a computer. The CPU is the
brain of a computer, It’s primary function is to execute programs and controls the
operation of all other components such as memory, input and output devices.
The major section of the CPU—
A. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
B. Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU):- The function of an ALU is to perform arithmetical (such
as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and logical (such as AND, OR, NOT)
operations.
Control Unit (CU):- Control Unit controls the entire operation of a computer. It generates
timing and control signals necessary for the execution of instructions.
Output Device:- To show the result of process data and information’s of a computer
we should use some device, this type of device as known as Output device.
For example—Monitor, Printer, Speaker etc.
-:Memory:-
Memory:- A computer system has some storage area to as a memory. The function of
the memory is to store programs, data or any other files.
The major section of modern digital computer memory—
a) Primary or Main Memory
b) Secondary or Auxiliary Memory
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a. Primary or Main Memory:- The primary or main memory is a fast memory. It
stores system software, programs and data which are to be executed by the CPU. The
size of the main memory is much smaller than of the secondary memory. RAM and
ROM are used as the main memory of the computer.
1) RAM:- RAM stands for “Random Access memory”. The read and write memory of a
computer is called RAM. The user can write information into RAM and read information
from it. RAM is a volatile memory, when the power supply goes off, its stored
information is lost.
2) ROM:- ROM stands for “Read Only Memory”. The user can’t write information into
ROM. The stored information can only be read from ROM. The contents of ROMs are
permanently stored at the time of manufacture. ROM is a non-volatile memory, the
stored information is not lost ever if the power supply goes off.
Computer Virus:- A computer virus is a computer program that can infect your
computer system by executing itself without your permission. Virus can also
replicate itself to maximize the infection.
A virus can affect the computer in many ways–-
Some virus may display only a message on the screen and slow-down your PC or
may cause damage to your system. Some virus may change or hidden computer
files so that programs do not work properly or even working. They can also erase
files or even format your hard disk and crash the system. Virus are also easily
carrying it on a removable device-- such as floppy disk, USB drive or CD.
-:Hardware:-
Hardware is the body components of a computer. Hardware is the collection of all the parts you
can physically touch. That includes Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Speaker, CPU, Scanner etc.
Monitor: This is a also known as Video Display Unit (VDU). It is used to display a wide variety of
information such as text, graphics, video, animation and other files.
Three types of monitor commonly use-CRT, LCD, LED
Keyboard: The computer keyboard is the basic device through input information into system.
Mouse: A mouse is a pointing device for computers, involving a small object fitted with one or
more buttons.
Two types of mouse generally use- General mouse, Optical mouse.
Printer: Printer is a device that prints text or images, photos on paper. Printed information which
physically is called hard copy.
There are many different types of printer- Dot Matrix, Inkjet, Laser and Plotter etc.
Speaker: This output device is generally used for hear all sound effect and music.
Scanner: Scanner is an external device used to record data on to the computer. The data can be
photographs, book pages, and other images already on a piece of paper. The scanner is like a
copy machine.
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Full Form:-
ALT Alternate
ALU Arithmetic Logical Unit
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
AVI Audio Video Interleaved
BIOS Basic Input output System
BIT Binary Digit
BRD-BD Blu-Ray Disk
CD Compact Disk
CGA Color Graphics Array
CRT Cathode Ray Tube
CTRL Control
CU Control Unit
CUI Character User Interface
DB Database
DDR Double Data Rate
DEL Delete
DOC Document
DOS Disk Operating System
DVD Digital Versatile Disk
E ROM Erasable Read Only Memory
ESC Escape
FAT File Allocation Table
FDD Floppy Disk Drive
FTP File Transfer Protocol
GIF Graphics Interchange Format
GUI Graphical User Interface
HDD Hard Disk Drive
HDMI High Defination Multimedia Interface
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer/Transmission Protocol
I/O Device Input Output Device
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Integrated Circuit
IC
ID Identity Document
INTERNET Inter National Network
IP Internet Protocol
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISP Internet Service Provider
JPEG Joint Photographic Expert Group
LAN Local Area Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light Emitting Diode
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
MMC Multimedia Card
MODEM Modulator Demodulator
MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group
MS Microsoft
NTFS New Technology File System
NUM-LOCK Number Lock
OMR Optical Mark Recognition
OS Operating System
P ROM Programmable Read Only Memory
PC Personal Computer
PDF Portable Document Format
PNG Portable Network Graphics
POP Post Office Protocol
POST Power on Self-Test
R/W Memory Read and Write Memory
RAM Random Access Memory
ROM Read Only Memory
SD Secure Digital
SMPS Switch Mode Power Supply
SVGA Super Video Graphics Array
SYS System
TXT Text
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UPS Uninterrupted Power Supply
URL Universal Resource Locator
USB Universal Serial Bus
VDE Visual Data Exchange
VDU Visual Display Unit
VGA Video Graphics Array
VIRUS Vital Information Resource Under Service
WAN Wide Area Network
WMV Windows Media Video
Keyboard Shortcut:-
- ->MINIMIZE
->MAXIMIZE
- >CLOSE
Windows
1. WHAT IS WINDOWS?
ANS:-WINDOWS IS A USER FRIENDLY OPERATING SYSTEM WITH GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE.THE TERM
YOU CAN CLICK ON COMMENCE OR ICONS NO THE SCREEN.WINDOWS DEVELOPED BY MICROSOFT.
VORIOUS RELEASE VERSIONS Are
MS WINDOWS 98
MS WINDOWS XP, MS WINDOWS VISTA
MS WINDOWS 2007.
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3. WHAT IS DESKTOP?
ANS:-THE TOTAL OVER VIEW OF THE COMPUTER AT THE RUNTIME OF WINDOWS IN COLLED DESKTOP.
4. WHAT IS FILE?
ANS:-A FILE IS A COLLECTION OF RELATED INFORMATION.FILE CREATED WITH DIFFERENT TYPE OF
RECONDES OR DATA.
5. WHAT IS FOLDER?
ANS:-FILDER IS A CONTAINEW WHICH CONTAIN FILES, SUB FOLDERS AND PROGRAMS.
6. WHAT IS ICON?
ANS:-ICON IS PICTORIAL GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION, WHICHREPRESENTS THE FILES, FOLDER AND
PROGRAM.
7.WHAT IS TASKBAR?
ANS:-TASKBAR IS A BAR WHICH IS SHOW ON BOTTOM OF THE DESKTOP ON SCREEN WHICH CONTAINS START
BUTTON DATE&TIME AND OTHER ICONS.
Windows Explorer
8. WHAT IS WINDOWS EXPLORER?
ANS: - WINDOWS EXPLORER IS A PROCESS WHERE WE CAN SEARCH AND FILE OR FOLDER VERY QULECKLY.
Notepad
1. WHAT IS NOTEPAD?
ANS:-NOTEPAD IS A TEXT EDITOR COMES IN BUILD WITH EINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM.NOTEPAD HAS
MINIMUM TEXT FARMATING FEATURE.
2. WHAT IS THE EXTENSION NAME OF NOTEPAD?
ANS: - .txt
3. HOW TO OPEN NOTEPAD?
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ANS: - AT FIRST CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK ON ALL PROGRAMMES->CLICK ON ACCESSORIES->CLICK ON
NOTEPAD. OR
CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK RUN OPTION->WRITE NOTEPAD->CLICK OK.
4. HOW TO SAVE A DOCUMENT?
ANS:- AT FIRST WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->GO TO FILE MENU AND CLICK SAVE BUTTON->ENTER
FILE NAME->CLICK ON SAVE BUTTON.
5. HOW TO OPEN A DOCUMENT?
ANS: - AT FIRST OPEN NOTEPAD->CLICK ON FILE MENU->CLICK OPEN BUTTON->SELECT YOUR FILE NAME OR
WRITE YOUR FILE NAME->CLICK OPEN BUTTON.
6. HOW TO COPY A TEXT?
ANS:-AT FIRST WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->GO TO EDIT MENU AND CLICK COPY OPTION.
7. HOW TO PASTE A TEXT?
ANS:-AT FIRST COPY A TEXT->GO TO EDIT MENUAND CLICK PASTE OPTION.
8. HOW TO USED FILE OPTION?
ANS:-AT FIRST WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->CLICK ON FIND OPTION (TO FIND TEXT IN DOCUMENT) A
FIND BOX WILL DISPLAY ->SELECT FIND AND FIND WHAT->THAN CLICOFIND NEXT BUTTON.
9. HOW TO CREATED REPLACE?
ANS:- AT FIRST WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->GO TO EDIT MENU->CLICK ON REPLACE OPTION->O BOX
WILL DISPLAY->PRNTER THE TEXT WHICH YOU WONT TO REPLACE-> CLICK ON REPLACE OR REPLACE ALL.
WORD WRAP=(TO CONTRAL TEXT IENGTH)
FONT=TO CHANGE FONT SIZE, FONT STYLE ETC.
Wordpad
1. WHAT IS WORDPAD?
ANS:-WATEPAD IS A SIMPLE ARE COMPLEX TEXT EDITOR COMES IN BUITD WITH WINDOWSOPERATING
SYSTEM THE TEXT CAN BE CRIACTED BY ‘HTML’ FORMATTING.
2. WHAT IS THE EXTENSION NAME OF WORDPAD?
ANS :-(.rtf) RICE TEXT FILE.
3. HOW TO OPEN WORDPAD?
ANS:-ATFIRST CLICK ON START BUTTON-> CLICK ON ALL PROGRAMMES->CLICK ON ACCESSORIES->CLICK ON
WORDPAD.OR CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK RUN OPTION->WRITE WORDPAD->CLICK OK
4. HOW TO SET PAGE SETUP?
ANS:-GOTO FILE MENU AND CLICK ON PAGE SET UP->A PAGE SETUP BOX WILL DISPLAY->SELECT PAGER RIGE
MARGINS THEN CLICK OK BUTTON.
5. WHAT IS TOOLBAR?
ANS:-THE BUTTONS ON THE TOOLBAR ARE SHORTCUT FOR THE COMMON FILE MANEGMENT FOSK, WHICH
CONTEN NEW, OPEN, SAVE, SAVE AS, CUT, COPY PASTE ETC.
MS- Paint
1. WHAT IS MS PAINT?
ANS:-PAINT IS DROWING TOOL YOU CAN USED TO CREATE SIMPLE OR ELABORATE DRAWINGS.THIS
DROWINGS CAN BE EITHOR BLACK AND WHITE OR COLOR, AND CAN BE SANED AS BITMAP FILES.
2. WHAT IS THE EXTENSION NAME OF MS PAINT?
ANS:-.BMP-(BIT MAP PICTURE/IMAGE).
3. HOW TO OPEN MS PAINT?
ANS: - AT FIRST CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK ON ALL PROGRAMS-> CLICK ON ACCESSORIES THEN CLICK
ON MS PAINT. (COLORS=ALI+C)
MS-Word(2007)
1. WHAT IS MS WORD 2007?
ANS: -MS OFFICE WORD PROCESSOR IN WHICH YOU CAN WRITE A LETTER.A REPORT OR OVEN
DOCUMENT.MS OFFICE WORD 2007 IS A ACTIVATING WORD.
2. WHAT IS THE EXTENSION NAME OF MS WORD 2007?
ANS: - (.DOCX).
3. HOW TO OPEN MS OFFICE WORD 2007?
ANS: - AT FIRST CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK ON ALL PROGRAMS-> CLICK ON MICRO SOFT OFFICE-
>CLICK ON MICRO SOFT OFFICE WORD 2007.OR AT FIRST CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK ON RUN OPTION-
>WRITE WINWORD-> CLICK ON OK.
HOME RIBBON
1. HOW TO CREAT A PASTE SPECIAL OF A TEXT?
ANS:-AT FIRST WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->AND COPY IT->AFTER PASTE THE TEXT->GO TO HOME
RIBBON->CLICK ON PASTE DROPPED DOWN ARROW-> CLICK ON PASTE SPECIAL-> SELECT PICTIRE
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(WINDOWS METAFILE)->CLICK ON OK->RIGHT CLICK ON PASTE SPECIAL TEXT->CLICK ON TEXT WRAPING-
>CLICK ON THROUGH.
2. HOW TO CREAT FORMAT PAINTER?
ANS:-WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->GO TO HOME RIBBION->SELECT FONT STYLE,FONT COLOR AND
FONT SIZE->CLICK ON FORMAT PAINTER->SELECT TEXT WHICH WENT TO FORMAT PAINTER.
3. HOW TO CERAT FONT PATTERN?
ANS:-WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->GO TO HOME RIBBON->CLICK DROPPED DOWN ARROW->SELECT
YOUR DESIRE OPTION(FONT SIZE,STYLE,COLOR)->THEN CLICK OK BUTTON.
4. HOW TO MOVE CHANGE CASE?
ANS:-GO TO HOME RIBBON ->SHOW FONT OPTION->CLICK CHANGE CASE OPTION (SENTENCE CASE, LOWER
CASE, UPPERCASE, CAPITALIZES EACH WORD, TOGGLE CASE).
5. HOW TO SET PARAGRAPH?
ANS:- GO TO HOME RIBBON->SHOW PARAGRAPH OPTION->CLICK ON PARAGRAPH DROPPED DOWN ARROW-
>A BOX WILL DISPLAY->SET YOUR DESIRE PARAGRAPH.
6. HOW TO CREAT BULLETS?
ANS:-AT FIRST WRITE SOME TEXT AND SELECT IT->GO TO HOME RIBBON ->SHOW PARAGRAPH OPTION-
>CLICK BULLETS DROPPED DOWN ARROW->CHOUSE BULLETS STYLE.
MAILIINGS RIBBON
1. HOW TO CREAT MAILMERGE?
ANS:-GO TO MAILING RIBBON AND CLICK ON START MAIL MERGE->SELECT LETTERS->SELECT SECIPIENTS-
>CLICK TYPE NEW LIST->A BOX WILL DISPLAY->CLICK CUSTOMIZE COLUMNS-> A BOX WILL DISPLAY-
>SELECT FILE NAME->CLICK ON ADD BUTTON/DELETE BUTTON/RENAME BUTTON AND CLICK ON OK
BUTTON->A SAVE AS BOX WILL DISPLAY->ENTER FILE NAME AND CLICK SAVE BUTTON->CLICK ON INSERT
MERGE FIELD->INSERT FIELD NAME ONE BY ONE AND CLICK ON FINISE AND MERGE->CLICK ON EDIT
INDIVIDUAL DOCUMENTS->A MERGE TO NEW DOCUMENT BOX WILL DISPLAY CLICK ON ALL BUTTON AND
CLICK ON OK BUTTON.
REVIEW RIBBON
(SPELLING &GRAMMAR=F7)
MS-Excel(2007)
1. WHAT IS EXCEL?
ANS:-EXCEL IS A WINDOWS BASED OUTOMATED SPREADE SHEET MANAGER.IT PROVIDER DIFFERENCS
TOOLS FOR GENERATION RELETED INFORMATION.WHICH IS MODE BY A GROUP CELLS.
2. WHAT IS THE EXTENSION NAME OF EXCEL 2007?
ANS :-( .XISX)
3. HOW TO OPEN MS EXCEI 2007?
ANS: - AT FIRST CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK ON ALL PROGRAMS-> CLICK ON MICRO SOFT OFFICE-
>CLICK ON MICRO SOFT OFFICE EXCEL 2007. OR
AT FIRST CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK ON RUN OPTION->WRITE EXCEL-> CLICK ON OK.
4. WHAT IS SPREADE SHEET?
ANS:-SPREAD SHEET IS A SIMPLE WORK SHEET CONSISTING OF ROW AND COLUMNS.
BILLPAYMENT:- =IF(UNIT CELL NO<=50,UNIT CELL NO*2.20, IF(UNIT CELL NO<=80,UNIT CELL NO*2.50,
IF(UNIT CELL NO<=140,UNIT CELL NO*2.70, IF(UNIT CELL NO>140,UNIT CELL NO*3.00))))
Power point
1. WHAT IS POWER POINT?
ANS:-POWER POINT IS SLIDE REPRESANTATION SOFTWEAR BY WHICH WE CAN DISPLAY ANY PROJECT WITH
EFFECT AND SOUND.
2. WHAT IS THE EXTENSION NAME OF MS POWER POINT?
ANS :-(.PPTX)
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3. HOW TO OPEN MS POWER POINT?
ANS:-AT FIRST CLICK IN START BUTTON->CLICK ON RUN OPTION->WRITE POWER POINT->CLICK ON OK
BUTTON.
4. HOW TO MAKE A SLIDE?
ANS:-GO TO ANIMATION RIBBON->CLICK ON CUSTOM ANIMATION->CLICK ON ADD TITLE->WRITE TITLE->GO
TO SLIDE SHOW RIBBON->SHOW SET UP OPTION->CLICK ON SLIDE SHOW->A BOX WILL DISPIAY->SELECT
TOOP ANTINUOUSLY UNTIL”ESC”->CLICK ON OK BUTTON->SELECT TEXT->CLICK ON ADD EFFECT->SELECT
EFFECT->CLICK ON START BUTTON->CLICK ON AFTER PREVIOUS->CLICK ON SPEED->GO TO ANIMATION AND
SELECT OUTOMATICALLY AFTER->THEN SLIDE SHOW.
Ms Access
1.WHAT IS MS ACCESS?
ANS:-ACCESS IS A RELATINAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IT CAN STORE AND MANAGEMENT HUGE
AMOUNT OF DATA.
2. WHAT IS THE EXTENSION NAME OF MS POWER POINT?
ANS :-(.Accdb)
3. WHAT IS DATABASE?
ANS:-A DATABASE IS A ORGANIZED COLLECTION OF FIELDS AND RECORDS.THE MOST DATABASE IS A SERIES
OF ROWS AND COLUMNS.
4. WHAT IS FIELD?
ANS:-A FIELD IS A COLUMNS OR A DATABASE WHICH STORE DIFFARENT DATA TYPE VOLUES IN A TABLE.
5. WHAT IS RECORD?
ANS:-A RECORD IS A ROW ON A TABLE AND IT IS THE SET OF THE VALUE DIFFARENT BY THE FIELD.
6. WHAT IS TABLE?
ANS:-ORGANIZED COLLECTION OF ROWS AND COLUMNS IS COLLED TABLE.
7. HOW TO OPEN MS ACCESS?
ANS:- AT FIRST CLICK IN START BUTTON->CLICK ON RUN OPTION->WRITE MSACCESS->CLICK ON OK BUTTON.
OR
ii) TABLE NAME-SALES TABLE
FIELD DATA ITEM QTY RATE
NAME TYPE CPU 10 16500
ITEM TEXT UPS 4 2500
QTY NUMBRE
MOUSE 11 400
RATE NUMBRE
STOCK:-PURCHASE QTY*PUREHASE RATE.
PROFIT:-SALES RATE-PURCHASE RATE.
PURCHASE TOTAL:-PURCHASE QTY*PURCHASE RATE.
SALES TOTAL:-SALES QTY*SALES RATE.
12. CREAT THE TABLE (SALESMAN TABLE) ISOLATE THE CRITERIA WHOSE ADDRESS JANGIPUR?
TABLE NAME->SALESMAN TABLE
FIELD DATA
NAME ITEM QTY ADDRESS
NAME TYPE
NOBIN DAS CPU 9 JANGIPUR
NAME TEXT
SUMI UPS 13 LALGOLA
ITEM TEXT
KHATUN
QTY NUMBRE
NONDITA MOUSE 12 JANGIPUR
ADDRESS TEXT
ROY