Intro to computing chapter 2 to 5

Chapter 2

Internet is the largest computer network in the world connecting millions of

computers

Network is a group of two or more computers systems linked together

Internet also called the NET is a worldwide collection of networks that links
millions of business government agencies, educational institution and
individual

Brief history of Internet, JCR licklider popularized idea of an intergalactic

networks of computers

It Is the first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s

Arpanet use pockets, switching to allow multiple computer to communicate

on a single network

Connecting to the Internet,

mini home and small business users connect to the Internet via high speed,
broadband Internet service

Cable Internet service provides high-speed Internet access to the cable

televisions network via cable modem

Digital subscriber line provides high-speed Internet connection using

regular telephone lines

Fiber to the premises, users, fiber optic cable to provide high-speed

Internet access to home in business users

Fix wireless provide high-speed Internet connection using a dish shape

antenna on your house

Wi-Fi or wireless fidelty network uses signal to provide high-speed

Internet, Internet connections to wireless computers devices

Cellular radio network offers, high-speed Internet connections to devices

with built and compatible technology are computers with wireless modems

Satellite Internet service provide high-speed Internet connections via

satellite to a satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem
How popular is broadband 60% of American adults have broadband Internet
connections at home

Access providers business that provides individuals and organization

access to the Internet fee or a fee

Internet service providers regional international access provider

Online service provider feature such as instant messaging order their own
customize version of web browser

Wireless Internet service provider, sometimes calls wireless data provider.

It is company that provides wireless Internet access to computer and mobile
device, such as smart phones.

How data information, travel computers connected to the Internet, work

together to transfer data and information around the world, using various
wired and wireless transmission data

The Internet relies on addressing system much like the postal service to
send daytime information to computer at a specific destination

IP Address for Internet protocol address is a number that uniquely identifies

each computer or device connected to the Internet

Domain name is the tax version of an IP address

E mail (electronic mail) transmission of messages in Files via computer

network

Email address combination of username and domain name that identifies

a user so that he or she can receive Internet email

Username is a unique combination of characteristics, such as letters of the

symbol, alphabet, and numbers that identify as specific users

Mailing list it is also called an email list or distribution list

Instant messaging time, Internet, communication service that notifies

when one or more people are online
Real time means that you and the people with whom you are conversing
online at the same time

Chat rooms location on an Internet, which permits users to chat with each
other

Chat is real time conversation that takes place on a computer

Voice over IP or Internet protocol also called Internet telephony enables

users to speak to other users over the Internet

File transfer protocol is an Internet standard that permits the process of

file uploading in downloading with other computers on the Internet

Uploading is the process of transferring documents, graphics, and other

objects on your computer or service on the Internet

Downloading is the process of transferring documents, graphics, and other

objects from the server in the Internet to your computer

Newsgroup Is an online area In which users have written discussions about

particular subject

Message board It is popular web base type of discussion group that does
not require a new reader

Netiquette short for the Internet etiquette is the code of acceptable

behaviors. User should follow while on the Internet.

Worldwide web a widely used service and the Internet consist of a

worldwide collection of electronic documents

Webpage three person electronic document on the web it can con context,
graphics, animations, or video

Website is a collection of related webpages and associated items such as

documents and pictures stored in a computer

Web server is a computer that delivers requested web pages to your

computer

Web browser or browser as applications suffer that allows users to access

in view pages or access web 2.0 programs to the Web you need a computer
or mobile device that is connected to the Internet and that has web browser
Web address webpage has unique address, which is called URL or uniform,
resource locator or web address web browsers retireves webpage using its
web address

Short for hyperlink built in connection to another related webpage or part of

webpage

Bookmark or favorite is a address that you can access by clicking the

bookmark name in a list

Surfing the web refers duct activity of using to explore the web

Roasting with the top of browser displayed a tab similar to file folder for
each web page you open

Search the web web is the worldwide resources of information

Two types of tools

1. Search engine is a program that find webs websites, webpages news,

maps and other information related to specific topic.

2. Subject directory provides categorize list of links, arranged by subject.

Types of websites

1. portal is a website that offers a variety of Internet services from a single

convenient location includes Alavista and

2. news. Contains newsworthy material, including stories and articles

relating to current events, life money, sports, and the weather.

3. Informational it contains factual information provide information such as

census data, tax codes congressional budget.

4. Business marketing consist contains that promotes ourselves products

or or service

5.blog short for weblog is an informal website consisting of sampled articles

Video or vlog a blog contains video clips

Microblog allows users to publish short message usually between 100 and
200 correct

Blogosphere refers to the worldwide collection of blogs

Vlogosphere Refers to all worldwide

6.wikis collaborate website that allows users to create, add to modify or

delete the website content via their web browser

7. Online social network also called social networking website

encourage members and it’s online community to share their interest.Media
Sharing website is a specific type of online social work that enables
members to share media such as photos music and videos

8. educational website of exciting challenging, avenues, performer, and

informal teaching and learning

9. entertainment and engaging environment

10. Advocacy Aynes content the describe a cost opinion or idea

11. Web application is a website that allows users to access and interact
with software through a web browser.

12. content, aggregator business that gutters the end organized with
content, and then this distributes

13. personal private or individual that are not associated with any
organization can maintain a personal website

Multimedia on the web refers to an application that combines text with

graphics, animations or video or virtual reality

Graphics or graphical image is a digital representation of nontext

information such as GPIG or GIF

THUMBNAIL often used by some websites page to minimize time in display

images

Animation, which is the appearance of motion creating by displaying a

series of still image and sequence

Audio includes music, speech or any sound MP3 format reduce an audio files

Player is needed to listen to an audio file on the computer

Streaming is the process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow.

It allows users to access and use files while it is transmitting.

Podcast recorded audio, usually an petrified star on a website that can be

downloaded to computer or a portable media such as an iPad
Video consist of images displayed in motion

Virtual reality is the use of computers to simulate a real or made imagine

environment that appears as a three dimensional 3-D space

Plug ins or add is a program that extends the capability of browser

E Commerce short for electronic commerce is a business transaction that

occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet,

Three types of commerce

1. business to consumer

2.consumer to consumer

3. Business to business.

Chapter 3

Applications software is a program designed to make users more

productive and assist them with personal task

Forms of applications software

Package software is must produce copyrighted details of that meat that

needs a wide variety of users

Custom software performs functions specific of business or industry

Web application is a website that allows users to access and interact with
software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet

Open source software is provided for modification and distribution. The

software has no restrictions from the copyright to the regarding modification
of software internal instruction in its distribution.

Shareware escaped software that is distributed at no cost for trial.

Freeware is escaped software, provided at no cost to a user by an individual

or a company that retains the rights to software

Public domain software has donated public uses and has no copyright
restrictions

Role systems software

Systems software serve as the interface between the user software and
the computers hardware

Unity programs is a type of systems software that assist users with

controlling or maintaining the operations of a computer it’s devices or its
software

Malware is one of the most utility programs that protects a computer

against malicious software and act without users, knowledge and
deliberately alters to the computer operation

Virus is a type of malicious software

Working with application software to use applications software, you must

instruct operating system to start the program

Desk stop is an onscreen work area that has a graphical user interface

Icon Is a small image displayed on the screen that represents a program a

document or some other object

Bottom is a graphical element that you activate to cause a specific action to

occur

Pointer is a small symbol displayed in the screen that moves as you interact
with the mouse or other pointing device

Menu Contains a list of command from which you can make selections

Command is an instruction that caused programs to perform a specific

action

Window rectangular area, the screen that displayed data and information

Title bar is displayed a horizontal space that contains windows names

File name of collection of store data

Dialogue box a pair when you instruct a program to perform an activity such
as print

Business software application software that assist people in becoming

more effective and efficient while performing their daily business activities
Word, processing software, sometimes called a word processor allow users
to create and manipulate document containing mostly text and sometimes
graphics

Clip art collection of drawing photos and other images

Word wrap processing feature that allows users to type words in a

paragraph without pressing the key

Format documents means to change its appearance

Spreadsheets allows, users, organized data, enroll in column and perform

calculations on the data

Spreadsheet organizations it is like an notebook that contains more than

1000 related individual worksheets

Database software

Database is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access to

rival and use of data

Database of fear is identification software that allows users to create access

in manage database

Presentation software is an application suffered that allows us to create

visual aids for presentations to communicate ideas, mages and other
information to a group

Note taking software is a vacation software that enables users to enter

type text handwritten comments drawings or sketches anywhere on a page

Business software suit, a collection individual programs available together

as unit

Project management software allows a user to plan schedule track and

analyze the events resources and cost of project

Personal information manager is applications suffered that includes

appointment calendar address, book notepad, and other features to help
users organize personal information

Business software for phones enables users to create documents in

worship may manage database and creates slideshow. Take notes.

Counting software helps companies record, and report financial

transactions
Document management software provides for sharing, distributing and
searching through documents by converting them into a format that can be
viewed by any user

Enterprise computing software enterprise typically requires special

computing solutions for various functional units

Graphics in multimedia software many people work with software design,

specially for their field at work

Computer, aided design type of applications software that assist,

professional user and creating engineering, architectural and scientific
design

Desk publishing software for professional enables professional designers

to create sophistication that contain text graphics and many colors

Paint image editing software as so-called illustrations software allows us

users to draw pictures shapes, and other graphical images with various on
screen, such as pen, brush, eyedropper, and paint market

Image editing Software provides the capabilities of software. It includes

the capability to enhance the modify existing pictures and images by
adjusting or enhancing image colors.

Photo editing a professional photo editing software is a type of image

editing suffer that allows photographers William digital users to edit in
customize, digital photo

Video audio editing allows, professional, to modify a segment of video

Editing software let users, modify clips produce to quality tracks and add
studio to video clips

Multimedia authoring software allows users to combine graphics and

animations in an interactive application

Webpage authoring software help users of all level to create pages that
includes graphical, images, video, audio, animation, and special effects with
interactive content

Personal finance software it is simplified accounting program that help

some users in small office home office users to balance their checkbook

Software assist in preparation of documents and provide information to

individuals
Tax preparation software program, tax liability, and offer saving tax tips
designed to lower tax bill

Personal DTP Software helps a small business uses create newsletters,

brochures, flyers, advertisement postcards

Web browser allows users to access and view with pages on the Internet

Email message in files sent via network such as the Internet

Instant messaging real time exchange of Files videos

Chat room Real online type conversations

RSS aggregator keep track of changes, made to websites by checking

Online help is electronic equivalent of a user manual

Chapter 4

System unit is the case that contains electronic components of the

computer and used to process data

Processor it interprets and carries out the basic instruction that operate a
computer

Memory hold, waiting to be processing extractions, waiting to be executed

Adapter cards are circuit birds that provide connections and functions not
built into motherboard in expanded capability features integrated into
motherboard

Drive bay It holds one or more disks drive

Power supply allows, electricity to travel through a power card from a wall
outline into a computer

Motherboard sometimes called system board main circuit board of the

system. Unit may need electronic components attached to it, and others are
built into it.

Processor also called Central processing unit interpret and out the basic
instruction that operate a computer
Control unit component of processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer

Arithmetic logic unit performs, attic comparison and other operations

Machine repeats a set of four basic operations which comprise a machine

cycle. We have fetching,decoding ,executing, storing.

System clock control the timing of the computer operations

Clock speed refers to the pace of clock

Data representation computers can only recognize to discrete states on

and of

Memory consist of electronic components that store instruction waiting to

be secreted by the processor data needed by those instructions

Types of memory

Volatile memory loss says it’s content when the computers power is turned
off

Non-volatile memory does not low contains when power is removed

sample memory rOM

Random access memory card also called main memory consist of

memory chips that can be read from and written by the processors and other
devices

Three types of ram

1. dynamic ram is must be really energized constantly or they lost their

contents.

2. static ram faster and more reliable than dram chips. No need to energize.
Does the terms static

3. Magnetoresistive ram stars data using magnetic changes instead of

electrical charges.

RAM chips, usually recite in a memory module, which is a small circuitboard

MEMORY CACHE the processor of the computer because it frequently use

instruction and data

Read only memory. Memory storing permanent data instruction also called
firmware
Flash memory, non-volatile memory that can be erased electrically and
rewritten

Memory access time amount of time takes the processor to read data
instruction, and information from memory

Expansions slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter

card

Adapter card sometimes called expansion card is a circle that enhances

functions of a component of the system unit and provides connections or
peripherals

Peripherals is a device that connect to the system. Unit is controlled by the

processor in the computer.

Memory card is a removable memory device

USB flash drive is a flash memory storage device that plugs in a USB port
on a computer or mobile

PC card credit card size cable, flash, memory device that primarily used to
enable notebooks and computers

Express card module can be used as cable flash memory

Express cards, lack a special type of expansion that holds PC card or

express card module

Port is the point at which a peripheral attached to a communicates with a

system unit unit sometimes referred to us a jack

Connector joins able to a port

Bus allows the various device both inside and attached to the system. You
need to communicate with each other.

System also called front side bus is part of the motherboard and connect
the processor to main memory

Backside it connects processor to cache

Expansion bus allows the processor to communicate with peripherals

Bay is an opening inside system unit in which you can install additional
equipment

A drive bay rectangular opening that typically hold this drives

Power Supply convert the wall outlet easy power into DC power

Chapter 5

Input is in data and instructions entered into memory of a computer

Input device component that allows users to enter data and instructions
into computer

Keyboard and mouse are use input device

Mouse pointing device

Pointer is a small symbol on the screen, whose location and shape changes
as a user moves appointing device

Keyboard is an input device that contains case users pressed to enter data
and instruction into computer

Ergonomics keyboard design to reduce the chance of wrist and hand

injuries known as repetitive strain injuries is incomplete, comfort, efficiency,
and safety in the design of the workplace

Screen, keyboard, mini keyboard, and keyboard or keyboard for mobile

computers in mobile devices

Types of mouse

Mouse use device that light to detect

Laser Mouse uses lasers expensive than optical mouse

Air mouse, newer type of motion, sensing mouse that allows to control
objects

Trackball It is stationary pointing device with a ball on its or side

Touchpad, small flat rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure

and motion

Pointing steak, pressure, sensitive pointing device shape like a pencil

eraser that is positioned between case on the keyboard

Touchscreen sensitive display device users can interact with touchscreen

by touching areas on the screen
Touch sensitive pads, an important device that enables users to scroll
through and play music music

Stylus Is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but
uses pressure instead of ink

Digital pen, slightly larger than a stylus provides more functionality than a
stylus

Signature capture pad used to capture a handwritten signature

Graphics tablet flat triangular electronic plastic board is usually attached to

computer to use pen input

Game controllers used to video games in computer games, direct mode

and actions of one screen objects

Digital camera mobile device that allows you search to take pictures in
store photography image digitally

Studio camera Most expensive and highest quality is used for professional
work

Failed Camera portable camera that has many lens and other attachments

Point and short camera, much more affordable and light, width, and
provides acceptable quality photographic

Resolution number of horizontal, vertical pixels, and a display device

Pixel small element in an electronic image

Voice input process of entering input by speaking into a microphone

Voice recognition also called speech recognition

Audio input process of entering any sound into computer, such as speech,
music and sound

Video input process of gathering full motion and storing on a computer

storage medium

Digital video camera record video as digital signals instead of analog

signals

WebCam also called PC video camera digital video camera that enables a
home or small business

Video conference meeting between two or more or more geographically

Optical readers device that use a light source storage characters

Optical scanners called scanner read printed text and graphics

Flatbeds scanner works in a manner similar to a copy machine

Optical character, recognition involves reading type computer

Optical cognition device, such as small circles are rectangles

Barcode readers also called barcode scanners

Barcode and identification code that consist of a set of vertical lines in

spaces and different width or two

Readers radio of frequency, identification

Technology that uses red signals to communication with tag place

Magnetic stripe card readers also called strip reader, the magnetic stripe
on the back of credit cards bank cards

Magnetic character recognition devices that printed with magnetic ink

Biometric input technology authenticity by verifying a personal character

Fingerprint scanner

Face recognition

Hand geometry system

Voice verification system

Signature verification system

Terminal is a computer usually with limited processing power

POS

Atm

DVD kiosk self-service rental machine that connects to host computer

through a network

Output data that has been processed into useful information four types of
output text graphics audio video

Output device hardware component that conveys information to one or

more people
Display devices output devices that visually convey graphics and video
and information

Monitor display device that is packaged as a separate peripheral

LCD monitors is this top monitor that use liquid crystal display to produce
images

Plasma monitor display device that use plasma technology which

sandwiches a layer of gas between two glasses

CRT monitors is a stop monitors that contains a cathode tube lid last tube

Printers is an output device that produce graphics

Types of printers

Non-impact printers and graphics on piece of paper without striking the

paper

Inkjet printers is a type of non-impact printer that forms, character, repairs,

and graphics by spraying tiny drips of liquid into a piece of paper

Photo Printers, color printer produce photo

Laser printer, high-speed, non-impact printer

Multifunction peripherals all in one devices

Thermal printers generates image by pushing electrically heated pins

against heat, sensitive paper

Voice output occurs when you hear, person, voice, or when the computer
talks through the speakers on the computer