A

Mini Project Report

On

Plant Watering System

(Session 2022-2023)

Submitted by
102 - Anjali Neware
108 - Ekta Sahare
122 - Niyati Harne
217 - Snehal Lambade
223 - Vrushali Mate
VI Semester B. tech. Computer Science & Engineering

Principal
Dr. Chandrahas C. Handa

.Guide.

Dr. S. M. Malode
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

K D K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR
SESSION 2022-23
1
 DECLARATION
The project work entitled “Plant Watering System” is our work carried out under the guidance
of Dr. S. M. Malode, Department of Computer Science & Engineering at K. D. K. College
of Engineering, Nagpur. As far as our knowledge, this work in the same form or any other
form is not submitted by us or anyone else for award of any degree.

Name of the Projectees Signature

102 - Anjali Neware

108 - Ekta Sahare

122 - Niyati Harne

217 - Snehal lambade

223 - Vrushali Mate

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

K D K COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, NAGPUR
SESSION 2022-23
i
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini Project work entitled “Plant Watering System’’ is submitted by
the following students of VI Semester B. tech. Computer Science & Engineering.

Names of Student
1) Anjali Neware
2) Ekta Sahare
3) Niyati Harne
4) Snehal Lambade
5) Vrushali Mate

is a bonafide work done under our supervision. This Mini Project work is submitted for VI Sem
CSE under the Faculty of Science & Technology; RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur during the
Academic Year 2022-2023.

PRINCIPAL
Dr. Chandrahas C. Handa

HOD Guide
Dr. A.A. Jaiswal Dr. S. M. Malode
Professor & Head, Computer Science & Engineering Assistant Professor
K D K College of Engineering, Nagpur

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With profound feeling of immense gratitude and affection, we would like to thank our guide Dr.
S. M. Malode, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering for her
continuous support, motivation, enthusiasm, and guidance. Her encouragement, supervision with
constructive criticism, and confidence enabled us to complete this project. We also wish to extend
our reverence to Dr. A.A.Jaiswal, Head of Computer Science and Engineering for providing the
necessary facilities to complete our project. We express our admiration for Dr. Avinash M. Badar,
Vice-principal, for his valuable advice and support throughout this venture. We also put forth our
deepest sense of gratitude towards Dr. Chandrahas C. Handa, Principal for constant motivation
and for providing the necessary infrastructure. Finally, a special thank you to Project In-Charge
Prof. Kamal Chandwani and all the faculty members of the department for their cooperation
throughout the project work.

PROJECTEES

102 - Anjali Neware

108 - Ekta Sahare

122 - Niyati Harne

217 - Snehal lambade

223 - Vrushali Mate

iii
 ABSTRACT
Watering is both the most labor-intensive and crucial practice in everyday agricultural or
gardening operations. You want to be able to adjust the environment no matter what the
weather is like, whether it is too hot and dry or too gloomy and damp how much water gets to
your plants. Plants might be efficiently watered as needed using contemporary irrigation
systems. However, two crucial factors must be considered while using this manual watering
method: when and how much to water. In our project we used the concept to automate this
procedure by analyzing the moisture content of the soil and atmospheric temperature. The
input from the moisture sensors and the temperature sensor is analyzed by the microprocessor
(Arduino) and the plants are watered. We developed an website which tracks plant watering
system to replace manual tasks and simplify the job of gardeners.

The website is built using JavaScript, which provide a robust framework for building dynamic
and responsive web applications. The design was enhanced with CSS, a utility-first CSS
framework that streamlines the development process and ensures consistency across the app.
The use of these technologies ensures that the app is highly customizable, scalable, and
maintainable.

1
 FIGURE INDEX

FIGURE NO. TITLE OF FIGURE PAGE NO.

1 Automatic plant watering system 8

2 Arduino 12

3 Circuit Diagram 22

2
 INDEX

PAGE NO.
DECLARATION i
CERTIFICATE ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT 1
FIGURE INDEX 2

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW 5
1.2 AIM 5
1.3 OBJECTIVE 6
CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND STUDY 8
CHAPTER 3: OVERVIEW
3.1 TECHNOLOGIES USED 11
CHAPTER 4: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 DESIGN 21
4.2 IMPLEMENTATION 22
CHAPTER 5: EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND EXPECTED RESULT
5.1 REQUIREMENT 24
5.2 SCREENSHOT OF RESULTS 25

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE 30

CHAPTER 7: REFERENCES 33
ANNEXURE -I: PO, PSO ATTAINMENT 35

3
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

4
1.1 OVERVIEW
In daily operation related to watering the plants are the most important cultural practice and
the most labor-intensive task. No matter whichever weather it is, either too hot and cold or too
dry and wet it is very crucial to control the amount of water reaches to the plants. So, it will be
effective to use an idea of automatic plant watering system which waters plants when they need
it. An important aspect of this project is that: “when and how much to water.” To reduce manual
activities for the human to watering plant, an idea of plant watering system is adopted. The
method employed to monitor the soil moisture level continuously and to decide whether
watering is needed or not, and how much water is needed in plant’s soil. This project can be
grouped into subsystems such as; power supply, relays, solenoid valve, Arduino GSM shield,
Soil moisture sensor and LCD.

Essentially, system is design and programmed in such way that soil moisture sensor senses
the moisture level of plants at instance of time, if moisture level of sensor is less than the
specified value of threshold which is predefined according to the plant’s water need then the
desired amount of water is supplied till it reaches to the predefined threshold value.

The system is a website which will help in tracking the water in plant. We can use it to
turn off and, on the motor, and use it is other various ways.

1.2 AIM
Since nowadays, in the age of advanced technology and electronics, the life style of the human
should me smart, simpler, easier, and much more convenient. So, therefore; there is a need for
many automated systems in human’s daily life routine to reduce their daily activities and jobs.
Here an idea of one such system named as automatic plant watering system is very useful. As
many people are facing a lot of problem watering the plants in the garden, especially when they
away from the home. This model uses sensor technologies with microcontroller in order to
make a smart switching device to help millions of people.

In its most basic form, system is programmed in such a way that soil moisture sensor which
senses the moisture level from the plant at particular instance of time, if moisture level of the
sensor is less than the specified value of threshold which is predefined according to the
particular plant than the desired amount of water is supplied to plant till its moisture level
reaches to the predefined threshold value. System involves humidity and temperature sensor
which keep tracks the current atmosphere of the system and has an influence when watering
happens. Solenoid valve will control the water flow in the system, when Arduino reads value
from moisture sensor it triggers the solenoid valve according to the desired condition. In
addition, system reports its current states and sends the reminder message about watering plants
and gets SMS from the recipient. All this notification can be done by using Arduino GSM
shield.

5
1.3 OBJECTIVE
It has been studied in the school from the science’s books that the plants are very imperative
for all the humanity in many aspects. As they keep the environmental clean by producing fresh
oxygen time to time. Automatic plant watering system have been seen becoming much more
with the rise in the everyday objects being connected to the advanced technologies, these
systems are implemented at a growing rate. Places like homes as well as on industrial levels.
The main use of these systems is efficiency and easy to use.

Plant watering system provides the ability to plant lovers to take of their home plant while they
are away – using efficient and reliable components such as different types of sensor
technologies.

6
 CHAPTER 2
BACKGROUNG STUDY

7
2.1 Background Study
It has been studied in the school from the science’s books that the plants are very imperative
for all the humanity in many aspects. As they keep the environmental clean by producing fresh
oxygen time to time. Automatic plant watering system have been seen becoming much more
with the rise in the everyday objects being connected to the advanced technologies, these
systems are implemented at a growing rate. Places like homes as well as on industrial levels.
The main use of these systems is efficiency and easy to use.

Plant watering system provides the ability to plant lovers to take of their home plant while they
are away – using efficient and reliable components such as different types of sensor
technologies.

Figure 1. Automatic plant watering system

The continuous increasing demand of food requires the rapid improvement in food production
technology. In a country like India, where the economy is mainly based on agriculture and the
climatic conditions are isotropic, still we are not able to make full use of agricultural resources.
The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous
extraction of water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming
slowly in the zones of un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to
unplanned use of water due to which a significant amount of water goes to waste. The existing
system of manual irrigation is very inefficient regarding solving these issues. In modern drip
irrigation systems, the most significant advantage is that water is supplied near the root zone

8
of the plants drip by drip due to which a large quantity of water is saved. At the present era, the
farmers have been using irrigation techniques in India through manual control in which farmers
irrigate the land at the regular intervals. This process sometimes consumes more water or
sometimes the water reaches late due to which crops get dried. Water deficiency can be
detrimental to plants before visible wilting occurs. Slowed growth rate, lighter weight fruit
follows slight water deficiency. This problem can be perfectly rectified if we use automatic
irrigation system in which the irrigation will take place only when there will be acute
requirement of water.
All the lands to be irrigated manually are automatically irrigated by this system. When
compared to the previous system where farmers need to frequently and constantly keep
monitoring the field for signs of dryness, this system will reduce the time needed to be spent
on monitoring the field. It greatly diminishes the need for manpower by a great value. This
system will be able to function even when the owner is unavailable for a small period, hence
ensuring proper irrigation even in the absence of people. Also, water will not be wasted during
traversal. In recent times, the farmers have been using irrigation technique through the manual
control in which the farmers irrigate the land at regular intervals by turning the water-pump
on/off when required. This process sometimes consumes more water and sometimes the water
supply to the land is delayed due to which the crops dry out. Water deficiency deteriorates
plants growth before visible wilting occurs. In addition to this slowed growth rate, lighter
weight fruit follows water deficiency. This problem can be perfectly rectified if we use
Automated Irrigation System in which the irrigation will take place only when there will be
intense requirement of water, as suggested by the moisture in the soil.

9
CHAPTER 3
OVERVIEW

10
3.1 TECHNOLOGIES USED
Arduino UNO
The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on:
the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. The board is
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to
various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six
capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the
USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.
It is similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware reference design is distributed
under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the Arduino
website. Layout and production files for some versions of the hardware are also available.
The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark the initial release of Arduino
Software. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB-based Arduino boards; it and version
1.0 of the Arduino IDE were the reference versions of Arduino, which have now evolved to
newer releases. The ATmega328 on the board comes pre-programmed with a bootloader that
allows uploading new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer.
Arduino Uno can be implemented for IoT projects. They're mini computers that can make a
big impact on how we join devices and the internet. Arduino UNO is a microcontroller that
helps makers build connected objects in a fast, easy, and secure way also connects multiple
devices and allows them to exchange real-time data. We can also keep a track on them from
anywhere using a simple user interface. It acts as the brain of the system and processes the data
from the sensor. Arduino IDE is an open-source hardware platform that is easily available for
dabbler& enthusiasts across the globe to build projects. It comes with an ATMEGA
microcontroller that processes the data and facilitates the proper working of the IoT system.
And the advantage of Arduino is that it can be programmed ‘n’ several times making it is
possible for us to build different types of IoT projects just by changing a simple code.
General pin functions

• LED: There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. When the pin is high value,
the LED is on, when the pin is low, it is off.
• VIN: The input voltage to the Arduino/Genuine board when it is using an external
power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated
power source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage
via the power jack, access it through this pin.
• 5V: This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can
be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 20V), the USB connector
(5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-20V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V
pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage the board.
• 3V3: A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50 mA.
• GND: Ground pins.
• IOREF: This pin on the Arduino/Genuine board provides the voltage reference
with which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the
IOREF pin voltage and select the appropriate power source, or enable voltage
translators on the outputs to work with the 5V or 3.3V.
• Reset: Typically used to add a reset button to shields that block the one on the
board.

11
 Figure 2. Arduino

MDC motor
This motor was especially designed for providing motion to aerospace/military products such
as servo-actuators, where high reliability and long lifetime are required, as well as durability
under harsh environmental conditions. Peak torque obtained on the axis at nominal voltage of
27 V DC is 20 mNm. Conforms to MIL STD. Temperature range: -40 + +80 [°C]. Vibration
toleration: according to MIL 810. This motor is available in different housings and with a
shaft pinion adapted to customer's needsThe selection of a load cell for a specific application
can be done by considering the following points.
DC motors were the first form of motors widely used, as they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be
controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the
strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and
appliances. The universal motor, a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools
and appliances can operate on direct current and alternating current. Larger DC motors are
currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and in drives for steel
rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC
motors possible in many applications.

Moisture Sensor
Soil moisture sensor measures the soil water content. Soil moisture probe consists of a
plurality of soil moisture sensors. Soil moisture sensor technology, commonly used are:
Frequency domain sensor, such as a capacitive sensor. Neutron moisture meter, characteristic
of the use of water in the neutron moderator. Soil resistivity. In this project, we will use the
soil moisture sensors which can be inserted into soil to measure the soil moisture content
The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the volumetric content of water
within the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil moisture needs eliminating,
drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors measure the volumetric water content not
directly with the help of some other rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical resistance,
otherwise interaction with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content.
The relation among the calculated property as well as moisture of soil should be adjusted &
may change based on ecological factors like temperature, type of soil, otherwise electric
conductivity. The microwave emission which is reflected can be influenced by the moisture
of soil as well as mainly used in agriculture and remote sensing within hydrology.

12
These sensors normally used to check volumetric water content, and another group of sensors
calculates a new property of moisture within soils named water potential. Generally, these
sensors are named as soil water potential sensors which include gypsum blocks
and tensiometer.

HTML
HTML is an acronym which stands for Hyper Text Markup Language which is used for
creating web pages and web applications. Let's see what is meant by Hypertext Markup
Language, and Web page.
Hyper Text: Hypertext simply means "Text within Text." A text has a link within it, is a
hypertext. Whenever you click on a link which brings you to a new webpage, you have
clicked on a hypertext. Hypertext is a way to link two or more web pages (HTML
documents) with each other.
Markup language: A markup language is a computer language that is used to apply layout and
formatting conventions to a text document. Markup language makes text more interactive and
dynamic. It can turn text into images, tables, links, etc.

Web Page: A web page is a document which is commonly written in HTML and translated by
a web browser. A web page can be identified by entering an URL. A Web page can be of the
static or dynamic type. With the help of HTML only, we can create static web pages.

Hence, HTML is a markup language which is used for creating attractive web pages with the
help of styling, and which looks in a nice format on a web browser. An HTML document is
made of many HTML tags and each HTML tag contains different content.

<!DOCTYPE>: It defines the document type or it instruct the browser about the version of
HTML.

<html > :This tag informs the browser that it is an HTML document. Text between html tag
describes the web document. It is a container for all other elements of HTML except
<!DOCTYPE>

<head>: It should be the first element inside the <html> element, which contains the
metadata(information about the document). It must be closed before the body tag opens.

<title>: As its name suggested, it is used to add title of that HTML page which appears at the
top of the browser window. It must be placed inside the head tag and should close
immediately. (Optional)

<body> : Text between body tag describes the body content of the page that is visible to the
end user. This tag contains the main content of the HTML document.

<h1> : Text between <h1> tag describes the first level heading of the webpage.

<p> : Text between <p> tag describes the paragraph of the webpage.

13
Features of HTML

1) It is a very easy and simple language. It can be easily understood and modified.

2) It is very easy to make an effective presentation with HTML because it has a lot of formatting
tags.

3) It is a markup language, so it provides a flexible way to design web pages along with the
text

4) It facilitates programmers to add a link on the web pages (by html anchor tag), so it enhances
the interest of browsing of the user.

5)) It is platform-independent because it can be displayed on any platform like Windows,

Linux, and Macintosh, etc.

6) It facilitates the programmer to add Graphics, Videos, and Sound to the web pages which
makes it more attractive and interactive.

7) HTML is a case-insensitive language, which means we can use tags either in lower-
case or upper-case.

CSS

Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is used to set the style in web pages that contain HTML elements.
It sets the background color, font-size, font-family, color, … etc. properties of elements on a
web page.

There are three types of CSS which are given below:

Inline CSS

Internal or Embedded CSS

External CSS

Inline CSS: Inline CSS contains the CSS property in the body section attached to the element
is known as inline CSS. This kind of style is specified within an HTML tag using the style
attribute.

Internal or Embedded CSS: This can be used when a single HTML document must be styled
uniquely. The CSS rule set should be within the HTML file in the head section i.e. the CSS is
embedded within the <style> tag inside head section of the HTML file.

External CSS: External CSS contains separate CSS files that contain only style properties with
the help of tag attributes (For example class, id, heading, … etc.).

14
CSS property written in a separate file with .CSS extension and should be linked to the HTML
document using link tag. It means that, for each element, style can be set only once and will be
applied across web pages.

Priorities of CSS: Inline CSS has the highest priority, then comes Internal/Embedded followed
by External CSS which has the least priority. Multiple style sheets can be defined on one page.
For an HTML tag, styles can be defined in multiple style types and follow the below order.

As Inline has the highest priority, any styles that are defined in the internal and external style
sheets are overridden by Inline styles.

Internal or Embedded stands second in the priority list and overrides the styles in the external
style sheet.

External style sheets have the least priority. If there are no styles defined either in inline or
internal style sheet then external style sheet rules are applied for the HTML tags.

CSS is the foundation of webpages, is used for webpage development by styling

websites and web apps.

Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to create great-looking web pages, but how does it work
under the hood? This article explains what CSS is with a simple syntax example and also covers
some key terms about the language.

We can add unique styles to our old documents of HTML.

We can change the overall look and feel of our website by following some changes in the CSS
code.

A cascading style sheet can be used with JavaScript and HTML in most of the websites to
develop user interfaces for a lot of mobile applications and user interfaces for various
web applications

Opportunity in Web designing: If anyone wants to begin a career in web designing

professionally, it is essential to have knowledge of CSS and HTML.

Website Design: With the use of CSS, we can control various styles, such as the text color, the
font style, the spacing among paragraphs, column size and layout, background color and
images, design of the layout, display variations for distinct screens and device sizes, and many
other effects as well.

Web Control: CSS has controlling power on the documents of HTML, so it is easy to learn. It
is integrated with the HTML and the XHTML markup languages.

Other Languages: Once we have knowledge of some basics of CSS and HTML, other
associated technologies like Angular, PHP, and JavaScript are become clearer to understand.

Like HTML, CSS is not a programming language. It's not a markup language either. CSS is a
style sheet language. CSS is what you use to selectively style HTML elements. For example,
this CSS selects paragraph text, setting the color to red:

15
JavaScript

JavaScript (is) is a light-weight object-oriented programming language which is used by

several websites for scripting the webpages. It is an interpreted, full-fledged programming
language that enables dynamic interactivity on websites when applied to an HTML document.
It was introduced in the year 1995 for adding programs to the webpages in the Netscape
Navigator browser. Since then, it has been adopted by all other graphical web browsers. With
JavaScript, users can build modern web applications to interact directly without reloading the
page every time. The traditional website uses js to provide several forms of interactivity and
simplicity. Although, JavaScript has no connectivity with Java programming language. The
name was suggested and provided in the times when Java was gaining popularity in the
market. In addition to web browsers, databases such as CouchDB and MongoDB uses
JavaScript as their scripting and query language.

There are following features of JavaScript:

All popular web browsers support JavaScript as they provide built-in execution environments.

JavaScript follows the syntax and structure of the C programming language. Thus, it is a
structured programming language.

JavaScript is a weakly typed language, where certain types are implicitly cast (depending on
the operation).

JavaScript is an object-oriented programming language that uses prototypes rather than using
classes for inheritance.

It is a light-weighted and interpreted language.

It is a case-sensitive language.

JavaScript is supportable in several operating systems including, Windows, macOS, etc.

It provides good control to the users over the web browsers.

JavaScript is used to create interactive websites. It is mainly used for:

In 1993, Mosaic, the first popular web browser, came into existence. In the year 1994, Netscape
was founded by Marc Andreessen. He realized that the web needed to become more dynamic.
Thus, a 'glue language' was believed to be provided to HTML to make web designing easy for
designers and part-time programmers. Consequently, in 1995, the company recruited Brendan
Eich intending to implement and embed Scheme programming language to the browser. But,
before Brendan could start, the company merged with Sun Microsystems for adding Java into
its Navigator so that it could compete with Microsoft over the web technologies and platforms.
Now, two languages were there: Java and the scripting language. Further, Netscape decided to
give a similar name to the scripting language as Java's. It led to 'JavaScript'. Finally, in May
1995, Marc Andreessen coined the first code of JavaScript named 'Mocha'. Later, the marketing
team replaced the name with 'Live Script'. But, due to trademark reasons and certain other
reasons, in December 1995, the language was finally renamed to 'JavaScript'. From then,
JavaScript came into existence.

16
Bootstrap

Bootstrap is a free, open-source front-end development framework for the creation of websites
and web apps. Designed to enable responsive development of mobile-first websites, Bootstrap
provides a collection of syntax for template designs.
As a framework, Bootstrap includes the basics for responsive web development, so developers
only need to insert the code into a pre-defined grid system. The Bootstrap framework is built
on Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), cascading style sheets (CSS) and JavaScript. Web
developers using Bootstrap can build websites much faster without spending time worrying
about basic commands and functions.
Bootstrap development framework
Bootstrap makes responsive web design a reality. It makes it possible for a web page or app to
detect the visitor's screen size and orientation and automatically adapt the display accordingly.
The mobile-first approach assumes smartphones, tablets and task-specific mobile apps are
employees' primary tools for getting work done. Bootstrap addresses the requirements of those
technologies in design and includes UI components, layouts, JavaScript tools and the
implementation framework. The software is available precompiled or as source code.
Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton developed Bootstrap at Twitter to improve the consistency of
tools used on the site and to reduce maintenance. The software was formerly known as Twitter
Blueprint and is sometimes referred to as Twitter Bootstrap.
Bootstrap is freely available for every. The main features of bootstrap is, it is very simple and
easy to use, hug JavaScript plugins are available, easily design mobile friendly website.
features of bootstrap
Easy to Use
Mobile-Friendly
Customizable Bootstrap
Simple Integration
Pre-styled Components
Responsive Features
Browser Compatibility
Great Grid System
Extensive list of Components
Bundled JavaScript plugins
Good Documentation
Base Styling for most HTML Elements
Easy to use

17
Anybody with just basic knowledge of HTML and CSS can start using Bootstrap
Responsive features
Bootstrap's responsive CSS adjusts to phones, tablets, and desktops
Mobile-Friendly
Mobile-first approach: In Bootstrap 3, mobile-first styles are part of the core framework
Simple Integration
Bootstrap can be simply integrated along with distinct other platforms and frameworks, on
existing sites and new ones too and one more things you can also utilize particular elements of
Bootstrap along with your current CSS.
Pre-styled Components
Bootstrap approaches with pre-styled components for alerts, dropdowns, nav bars, etc.
Customizable Bootstrap
The Bootstrap can be customized as per the designs of your project.
Browser compatibility
Bootstrap is compatible with all modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari,
and Opera)
Great grid system
Bootstrap is built on responsive 12-column grids, layouts and components. Whether you need
a fixed grid or a responsive, it's only a matter of a few changes.
Bundled JavaScript plugins
The components such as drop down menu are made interactive with the numerous JavaScript
plugins bundled in the bootstrap package.
Extensive list of components
Whether you need drop down menus, pagination or alert boxes, Bootstrap has got your covered.
Some of the components pre styled are; Dropdowns, Button Groups, Navigation Bar,
Breadcrumbs, Labels & Badges, Alerts, Progress Bar, And many others.
Base styling for most HTML elements
A website has many different elements such as headings, lists, tables, buttons, forms, etc. The
HTML elements for which styles are provided are; Typography Code, Tables, Forms, Buttons,
Images, Icons
Good documentation
Not only does Bootstrap offer styling for almost every element a typical website or web
application requires, it also provides a great documentation with examples and demo that only
make it more easier for even someone new.

18
Extensive list of components
Whether you need drop down menus, pagination or alert boxes, Bootstrap has got your covered.
Some of the components pre styled are; Dropdowns, Button Groups, Navigation Bar,
Breadcrumbs, Labels & Badges, Alerts, Progress Bar, And many others.
Base styling for most HTML elements
A website has many different elements such as headings, lists, tables, buttons, forms, etc. The
HTML elements for which styles are provided are; Typography Code, Tables, Forms, Buttons,
Images, Icons
Good documentation
Not only does Bootstrap offer styling for almost every element a typical website or web
application requires, it also provides a great documentation with examples and demo that only
make it more easier for even someone new.

19
 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

20
4.1 DESIGN
A plant water tracking website is a tool designed to help plant enthusiasts monitor and manage
their plant watering needs. These websites typically provide a variety of features and tools to
help users keep track of their plants' water requirements, including customizable watering
schedules, reminders, and watering history logs.
Users can create profiles for their plants, input information such as the plant type and size, and
set up watering schedules based on factors like soil type and weather conditions. The website
can then send reminders when it's time to water each plant, and users can log when they water
their plants and how much water they use.
In addition to watering tracking tools, many plant water tracking websites also provide plant
care information, including tips and tricks for caring for different types of plants and diagnosing
common issues. Some sites also offer social features, such as a community forum where users
can share plant care tips and experiences.
The goal of a plant water tracking website is to help users keep their plants healthy and thriving
by providing them with the tools and information they need to manage their watering needs
effectively. By using a plant water tracking website, plant enthusiasts can ensure that their
plants receive the right amount of water at the right time, which can help prevent overwatering,
underwatering, and other common plant care mistakes.

Figure 3. Circuit Diagram

We used the concept of the Arduino Circuit to create responsive website which will help in
tracking water level in plant. Plant watering tracker websites offer several advantages for plant
enthusiasts who want to keep their plants healthy and thriving:

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1. Improved Plant Health: By providing users with customizable watering schedules, reminders,
and watering history logs, plant watering tracker websites can help ensure that plants receive
the right amount of water at the right time, which can prevent overwatering and underwatering
and improve overall plant health.
2. Time and Energy Savings: Plant watering tracker websites can save time and energy by
eliminating the need for users to manually track their plant watering needs. Users can set up
watering schedules and receive reminders, which can help streamline their plant care routine.
3. Access to Information: Plant watering tracker websites typically provide users with plant care
information and tips, including guidance on how to care for different types of plants and
diagnose common plant issues. This can help users improve their plant care skills and
knowledge.
4. Community Engagement: Some plant watering tracker websites offer social features such as
community forums or the ability to share plant care tips and experiences with other users. This
can create a sense of community and provide users with a platform to connect with other plant
enthusiasts.
5. Environmental Benefits: By helping users avoid overwatering and underwatering, plant
watering tracker websites can help conserve water resources and reduce environmental waste.
Overall, plant watering tracker websites offer a convenient and effective way for plant
enthusiasts to manage their plant watering needs and improve their plant care skills, while also
promoting environmental sustainability.

4.2 IMPLEMENTATION

The website is visually designed in such a way that is easy to navigate and visually appealing.
This can include designing user interfaces, choosing color schemes and fonts, and selecting
images and graphics. It is developed using a programming language such as HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript. The website should be optimized for various devices and screen sizes and should be
designed with user experience in mind. The water tracking features and tools are integrated into
the website, which helps in tracking the water level of the plant. Tailwind CSS was used for
styling the UI components of the app, making it easy to customize the look and feel of the app.
The library offers a wide range of pre-built styles that can be easily customized, allowing
developers to quickly build and deploy a professional-looking app.

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 CHAPTER 5
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND EXPECTED RESULT

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5.1 REQUIREMENT

➢ Software Requirement:

• HTML
• CSS
• BOOTSTRAP
• JAVASCRIPT

➢ Hardware Requirement:

• Arduino Uno R3
• DC Motor
• Resistor 220 ohm
• LED 16 * 2
• Potentiometer 10k
• LED Red
• 330 Ω Resistor
• 200 Ω Resistor
• Temperature Sensor [LM35]
• Soil Moisture Sensor
• Computer / Moblie
• Internet

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5.2 SCREENSHOTS OF RESULTS

25
26
27
28
 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

29
6.1 CONCLUSION

Plant Watering System is consisting of a shelve which is cost efficient and can detect the
product kept on it using weight sensors. The element used to build this made it cost
efficient and accurate. The file handling has reduced the cost of database which is the key
feature of this. In conclusion, a plant watering system website can be a valuable tool for
plant enthusiasts to manage their plant care needs and promote environmental
sustainability. By providing customizable watering schedules, reminders, and watering
history logs, these websites can help prevent overwatering and underwatering, improve
plant health, and save time and energy.

Implementing a plant watering system website requires a combination of technical, design,

and content creation skills. Key software requirements include a web development
framework, programming languages, a database management system, hosting and
deployment tools, an IDE, version control system, and third-party APIs.

Overall, a plant watering system website can help plant enthusiasts improve their plant care
skills, access valuable plant care information and advice, and connect with other plant
enthusiasts. By promoting responsible water use and environmental sustainability, these
websites can make a positive impact on the world around us.

6.2 FUTURE WORK

There are several potential areas for future work and development for a plant watering
system website. Here are some examples:

1. Integration with Smart Home Technology: As smart home technology becomes more
prevalent, there is an opportunity to integrate plant watering system websites with devices
such as smart sprinklers or automated watering systems. This would allow users to manage
their plant watering needs more efficiently and save water.

2. Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence: Machine learning and artificial intelligence
can be used to analyze plant data, such as plant species, soil type, and weather conditions,
to provide personalized recommendations for watering schedules and plant care. This
would improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the watering system and provide a more
customized experience for users.

3. Gamification: Gamification can be used to engage users and motivate them to care for
their plants. This could include incorporating badges or rewards for achieving specific plant
care milestones or competing with other users to grow the healthiest plants.

30
4. Community Features: Community features such as forums, social media integration, and
plant care groups can be added to the website to encourage users to connect with each other
and share plant care tips and advice.

5. Mobile App Development: Developing a mobile app version of the plant watering system
website would provide users with more convenient access to plant care information and
watering schedules on-the-go.

Overall, there are many exciting opportunities for future work and development of a plant
watering system website. By incorporating new technologies, features, and functionalities,
these websites can continue to evolve and improve plant care practices and promote
environmental sustainability.

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 CHAPTER 7
REFERENCES

32
REFERENCES

[1] Web Search API. (n.d.). In Rapido. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from
https://rapidapi.com/contextualwebsearch/api/web-search/

[2] Summarizer API. (n.d.). In Ayleen. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from
https://rapidapi.com/restyler/api/article-extractor-and-summarizer/

[3]Dictionary API. (n.d.). In Wordnet. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from

https://dictionaryapi.dev/

[4] ReactJS. (n.d.). In ReactJS. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from https://reactjs.org/

[5] Redux. (n.d.). In Redux. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from https://redux.js.org/

[6] Tailwind CSS. (n.d.). In Tailwind CSS. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from
https://tailwindcss.com/

[7] Open AI. Retrieved April 24, 2023, from https://openai.com/

[8] Y. Kim, "Artificial Intelligence and News: The Present and Future Landscape," Digital
Journalism, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 443-458, 2018.

[9] Ning Wanga, Nahigian Zhang, Maohua Wangc, "Wireless sensors in agriculture and food
industry—Recent development and future perspective”, science direct, 2006.

[10] Raul Morais, A. Valente, and C. Steroid, "A Wireless Sensor Network for Smart
Irrigation and Environmental Monitoring: A Position Article”, EFITA, 2005.

[11] Y Kim’s, R.G. Evans, "Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation
", Elsevier, 2009.

[12] Dan Teibel Pat Bowen, "Results from an Agricultural Wireless Sensor Network", IEEE,
2004.

[13] Yunseo (James) Kim, Member, IEEE, Robert G. Evans, and William M. Iversen,
"Remote Sensing and Control of an Irrigation System Using a Distributed Wireless Sensor
Network”, IEEE, 2008.

[14] Aqeel-or-Rehman, and Zubair A. Shaikh, "Towards Design of Context- Aware Sensor
Grid Framework for Agriculture", 2008.

[15] Qiang Fu, Zhenjiang Xing, Yongcheng Ma, "Applying Multivariate Auto-Regression
Model to Forecast the Water Requirement of Well Irrigation Rice in Zhanjiang Plain ", 2004

[16] Marayat Patagial, Sasimanee Phusael, Anupong Chen-Mil, Dropsonde Phunchongharnl,

and Dr Khanong Akkarajitsakup, "A Control System in an Intelligent Farming by using

33
Arduino Technology ", IEEE, 2016.

[17] Aqeel-or-rehman, Abu Zafar Abbasi, Noman Islam, Zubair Ahmed Shaikh, "A review of
wireless sensors and network application in agriculture", Science Direct, 2011.

[18] Sanjiv Singh, "Integrated Wireless Sensor/Actuator Networks in an Agricultural

Application", 2004.

[19] Akash Jain, Suraj Kudre, Mahesh Giri, "A review on smart sensors-based monitoring
system for agriculture ", IJESR, 2014.

[20] B. shillala, B. Srinivas, " Design and implementation of agricultural automation through
wireless network and GPRS", IJPRES, 2016

34
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (Pos)

1.) ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and engineering, specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
2.) PROBLEM ANALYSIS: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using the first
principle of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3.) DESIGN/DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTIONS: Design solutions for complex
engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the
specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
4.) CONDUCT INVESTIGATIONS OF COMPLEX PROBLEMS: Use research-
based knowledge and research methods including design of experiments, analysis,
interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5.) MODEM TOOL USAGE: Create, select and apply appropriate technic resources and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6.) THE ENGINEER AND SOCIETY: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to access societal healthy, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7.) ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: Understand the impact of the
professional engineering solution in societal and environmental contexts, and
demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
8.) ETHICS: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.
9.) INDIVIDUAL AND TEAMWORK: Function effectively as an individual, and as a
member or leader in diverse teams and in multidisciplinary settings.
10.) COMMUNICATIONSTIONS: Communicate effectively on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such
as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation,
make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
11.) PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND FINANCE: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and management principle and apply this to one’s
own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
12.) LIFE LONG LEARNING: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation
and ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning broadest context of
technological change.

35
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES(PSO)

PSO1: Design and deployment of hardware and software-based computer system meeting
societal needs.
PSO2: Skills in the design of web-based systems, mobile apps, big data, data analytics, and
data mining towards sustainable solutions.

36
ANNEXURE I: PO, PSO ATTAINMENT (WITH BRIEF DETAILS OF
ATTAINMENT)

COURSE OUTCOMES SIXTH SEMESTER B. TECH

BECT311P Mini Project

After the completion of Mini Projects students will be able to.
CO311.1 Acquire practical knowledge within the chosen area of technology.
Analyze the area and find the requirement with a systematic approach.
CO311.2 Contribute as an individual in a team to develop technical projects.
CO311.3 Understand the paper writing skill in IEEE paper format and develop
effective communication skills for presentation of project work.
CO311.4 Prepare a report on the developed project.

37