VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI - 590018

An Internship Report Performed

At
“GTTC, HASSAN”

Internship Training Report

On
“INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted by
G N NAVEED AHMMED 4GL22CS401

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Venkatesh Prasad B S B.E, M.Tech.
Assistant Professor
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KUSHALNAGAR -571234
2023-24
 GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KUSHALNAGAR-571234
(Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE New Delhi)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that Mr. G N NAVEED AHMMED (4GL22CS401) has successfully
completed Internship at "GTTC, Hassan" under the guidance of Prof. Venkatesh Prasad B S
towards the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Computer Science
and Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2023-
2024. The Internship Training report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect to the Internship prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree.

Signature of the Coordinator Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Prof. Venkatesh Prasad B S Dr. Ranganatha S Dr. Sathisha N S
Department of CS&E Department of CS&E

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1 ………………………………. ……………………….

2 ………………………………. ……………………
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sri./Smt./Mr./Ms

GAGANA G N
bearing number KA/SML/6002/10-2023/0107 has successfully
completed Course in
Fundamentals of Iot Development with ThingWorx (50 Hrs)
Conducted at PTC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE, GOVT. TOOL ROOM AND TRAINING CENTRE,

PTC Centre of from 30/10/2023 to 30/11/2023 with

Excellence, GTTC,
Hassan

{usergrade} grade. The award of Certification given on

{coursecompletiondate}

GAGANA G N
KA/SML/6002/10-2023/0107
Fundamentals of Iot Development with ThingWorx (50 Hrs)

PTC Centre 30/10/2023 30/11/2023 {usergrade}

of
Excellence,
GTTC,
Hassan

{coursecompletiondate}
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sri./Smt./Mr./Ms

GAGANA G N
bearing number KA/SML/6002/10-2023/0107 has successfully
completed Course in
IoT Modeling with ThingWorx (40 Hrs)
Conducted at PTC CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE, GOVT. TOOL ROOM AND TRAINING CENTRE,

PTC Centre of from 01/12/2023 to 30/12/2023 with

Excellence, GTTC,
Hassan

{usergrade} grade. The award of Certification given on

{coursecompletiondate}

GAGANA G N
KA/SML/6002/10-2023/0107
IoT Modeling with ThingWorx (40 Hrs)

PTC Centre 01/12/2023 30/12/2023 {usergrade}

of
Excellence,
GTTC,
Hassan

{coursecompletiondate}
 DECLARATION

I am, G N NAVEED AHMMED (4GL22CS401), student of VI semester B.E., Computer

Science and Engineering, Government Engineering College, Kushalnagara, here by declare that
the Internship Training Work entitled, “INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)” has been carried out
under the guidance of Prof. Venkatesh Prasad B S, Assistant Professor, Department of
Computer Science and Engineering, GEC Kushalnagara in the partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of Degree, B.E. in Computer Science and Engineering by
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Jnana Sangama, Belagavi- 590 018, during the
academic year 2023-2024.

I also declare that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the matter embodied in this
Internship Training Report has not been submitted previously by us for the award of the Degree
to any other university.

Place: Kushalnagara
Date:

G N NAVEED AHMMED 4GL22CS401

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is my privilege to express gratitude and respect to all those guided me in the completion of
the Internship Training.

I would greatly mention the enthusiastic influence provided of Prof. VENKATESH PRASAD
B S, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GEC
Kushalnagara, as my Internship Coordinator, for his ideas and cooperation showed on us during
my venture and making this Internship a great success.

I would like to express a very great appreciation to Dr. RANGANATHA S, Head of the
Department and of Computer Science and Engineering, for their support and encouragement at
all moments of my approach.

I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. SATHISHA N S, Principal for being kind enough
to provide me an opportunity to work on Internship.

My special thanks to faculty members and staff for their constant help and support of Computer
Science Department, Geck.

G N NAVEED AHMMED

4GL22CS401

ii
 ABSTRACT

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a revolutionary paradigm shift in the digital landscape,
encapsulating the interconnectedness of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and
connectivity, enabling them to communicate, collect, and exchange data. At its abstract core,
IoT embodies the seamless integration of the physical and digital worlds, transcending
traditional boundaries to create a dynamic ecosystem of interconnected devices and systems.
This abstraction underscores the transformative potential of IoT to redefine industries, enhance
efficiency, and improve quality of life. By harnessing the power of data-driven insights and
automation, IoT promises to revolutionize how we interact with technology, optimize
processes, and address complex challenges in domains ranging from healthcare and
transportation to smart cities and agriculture. However, as IoT continues to proliferate, critical
considerations surrounding privacy, security, and ethical implications emerge, highlighting the
importance of responsible deployment and governance frameworks to ensure the realization of
IoT's full potential while safeguarding individual rights and societal value

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION........................................................................................................................i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................................ii

ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................iv

LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................vi

CHAPTER 1..............................................................................................................................1

COLLEGE PROFILE................................................................................................................1

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KUSHALNAGAR.....................................1

CHAPTER 2..............................................................................................................................4

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY...............................................................................................4

CHAPTER: 3.............................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION TO IOT.......................................................................................................6

WHAT TECHNOLOGIES HAVE MADE IOT POSSIBLE?..........................................6

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL IOT?.........................................................................................7

APPLICATIONS OF IOT..................................................................................................8

CHAPTER 4............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION TO THINGWORX...................................................................................11

DEFINITION OF THINGWORX.......................................................................................11

COMPONENTS...............................................................................................................11

INTERFACE....................................................................................................................11

DEVELOPMENT.............................................................................................................13

DIFFERENT SERVICES PROVIDED FOR THINGWORX.............................................13

1. THINGWORX FOUNDATION...............................................................................13
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 2. THINGWORX ANALYTICS..................................................................................14

3. THINGWORX FOR INDUSTRY............................................................................14

4. THINGWORX FREE TRIAL..................................................................................14

ADVANTAGES OF THINGWORX...................................................................................14

CHAPTER 5............................................................................................................................14

ALL ABOUT NODE MCU AND SENSORS........................................................................16

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................16

APPLICATIONS OF THE ESP8266 WI-FI MODULE.....................................................17

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSORS USED FOR IOT PROJECTS..................................17

CHAPTER 6............................................................................................................................20

PROJECTS AND TASKS DONE.......................................................................................20

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................20

OVERVIEW........................................................................................................................21

APPLICATIONS.................................................................................................................23

SOURCE CODE..................................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 7............................................................................................................................25

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IOT............................................................25

ADVANTAGES...................................................................................................................25

DISADVANTAGES............................................................................................................26

COURSE OUTCOME.............................................................................................................27

FUNDAMENTALS OF IOT DEVELOPMENT WITH THINGWORX........................27

IOT MODELING WITH THINGWORX........................................................................27

CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................28

REFERENCES........................................................................................................................29

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1:Government Engineering College Kushalnagar..........................................................1

Figure 2: Company Front View.................................................................................................4
Figure 3: Internet of things........................................................................................................7
Figure 4: The top 10 most popular IoT applications.................................................................8
Figure 5: Profile of ThingWorx...............................................................................................11
Figure 6: Properties of ThingWorx..........................................................................................12
Figure 7: Data Shapes of ThingWorx......................................................................................12
Figure 8: Different Services Provided for ThingWorx............................................................13
Figure 9:Advantages of ThingWorx........................................................................................15
Figure 10: NODE MCU..........................................................................................................16
Figure 11: ESP8266.................................................................................................................16
Figure 12: DHT11 sensor........................................................................................................17
Figure 13: ADXL345...............................................................................................................18
Figure 14: ultrasonic sensor.....................................................................................................19
Figure 15: flame sensor...........................................................................................................19
Figure 16: Circuit Diagram on Fan Controlling on Temperature Basis..................................22

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Internet of Things 2023-24

CHAPTER 1
COLLEGE PROFILE

Government Engineering College, Kushalnagar

Government Engineering College, Kushalnagar is one of the technical education institutes,
located in Kushalnagar, Kodagu district, Karnataka, India. This college was established in
2007- 08 and is affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University and recognized by
AICTE. This college has four branches which is shown in Table 1.1.

Figure 1.1: Government Engineering College Kushalnagar.

Table 1.1: Courses Offered

Name B.E(CSE) B.E(EC) B.E(Mech) B.E(Civil)

Duration 4 Yrs 4 Yrs 4 Yrs 4 Yrs

Vision
To become an exemplary institution for engineering education and technology to create high
quality professionals having technical competency, leadership qualities, ethical behavior,
innovative abilities with the support of best academic environment and creative faculty.

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Mission
 To produce competitive and high caliber engineering professionals.

 To enhance the commitment of faculty and students to the centrality of diversity,

social justice and democratic citizenship.

 To initiate and participate in community activities that will serve as avenue for applying
engineering knowledge for the benefit of the society.

 To provide technical solution through relevant research and consultancy.

Goals
 To provide a creative and the best possible education facility for studies, training,
research, development and innovations, extension of work relevance amongst the
students and faculty. Studies, training research, development and innovations, provide
creative and better education facilities for students and staff’s work ethic expansion.

 To train the students and prepare them in terms of effective communication required for
career in engineering and technology which enables them to function ethically and
professionally.

 To establish linkages and mutual assistance endeavors with Government, industry and
other institutions in the areas of engineering education, research and extension services.

 To create a model mentorship to provide a mentored educational experience to students

of all cross sections of the society.
 To provide opportunities to faculty to update their qualifications, knowledge and skills
through higher education, seminars and conferences which enable them to disseminate,
to enhance knowledge to student community.

Scholarships
• Scholarship from The Department of Oppressed Backward Classes and Minorityand
Taluk Panchayat for the students.
• From the Department of Social Welfare, scholarships for students belonging
to SC/ST category.

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 From the Department of Minority welfare, Education loans are provided at reduced
interests to students belonging to minority communities such as Muslims, Buddhists,

Physical Education

The college is good in sports activities. Every year the college holds sports competition, inter
branch matches and sports day. For proper training and grooming of players the college
provides coaching facilities to the players for different games. Students are trained for NSS to
develop among themselves a sense of social and civic responsibility. Blood donation camp is
conducted to serve the needy patients. Swachh Bharat classes are conducted to promote
cleanliness and hygiene.

1.2 Summary

Being a part of this internship program, the opportunity to accumulate lot of information in the
field of MATLAB and Python, to some extent it has made access to seek some practical
knowledge. It is worth to mention that, the resource persons were very informative. Moreover,
attending this internship program was helpful to accumulate theoretical knowledge with
practical experiences.

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CHAPTER 2

PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

Figure 2.1: Company Front View

“It’s precision that makes the world go round” A premier Tool Room and Training Centre
established in 1992 at Mysore, Karnataka, India with assistance of the Government of
Denmark, has extensive facilities in Tool making and training. Government tool and Training
Centre (GTTC) is a modern tool room and training centre with state-of-art CAD/CAM
equipment, machinery and inspection facilities to meet the complex needs of discerning
customers.

GTTC is committed to achieve customer satisfaction in quality and delivery of tool

engineering education, services and precision machining.

GTTC has acquired mastery in Tool Engineering and vast experience in conducting well
structured,

practical oriented training programmers’ leading to post graduation, diplomas and certificates.

Realizing the need to update and upgrade the skills of existing technical personnel in industry,
GTTC

conducts a number of short-term programs in tool design, advanced manufacturing techniques,

design analysis and CNC programming for manufacture and other aspect of manufacture.
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The state-of-art sophisticated manufacturing facility consist of 3 to 5 axis high-speed CNC

machining centers, CNC jig grinding, CNC wire EDM, CNC co-ordinate measuring machine
and other supporting machineries and facilities.

The computer integrated manufacturing facility in DNC network and supported by high end
software’s such as I-DEAS, for design and manufacturing, Uni-Graphics, pro-E, Master-cam,
Mechanical Desktop and Analysis package like C-Mold, Mold Flow and Pro-Cast.

The main objectives of Tool Room

• To conduct industry oriented technical program to youth with employable skills.

• To assist MSME units in technological upgradation by providing quality tooling.

• To provide highly skilled work force to industries of various sectors.

The main activities of GTTC

• Offering hands on experience in Long-term, Short-term and need based training programs.

• Design and manufacturing of press tools, Dies for sheet metals and plastics parts, jigs &

fixtures etc.

• The center conducting many courses which is approved by Government of Karnataka and

all India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi.

It offers courses like Computer Aided Design (CAD), Mechatronics, Automation, Robotics,

CNC Turning, CNC Milling, Design & Validation, 3D printing

Today’s highly increasing competitiveness over the industry demands high quality and most
consistent products with a competitive price. To address this challenge number of industries
considering various new product designs and integrated manufacturing techniques in parallel
with the use of automated devices.

Automation takes a step further mechanization that uses a particular machinery mechanism aided

human operators for performing a task. Mechanization is the manual operation of a task using
powered machinery that depends on human decision making.

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CHAPTER: 3

INTRODUCTION TO IOT
What is IoT?

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical object “things” that are embedded
with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data
with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from ordinary household
objects to sophisticated industrial tools. With more than 7 billion connected IoT devices today,
experts are expecting this number to grow to 10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion by 2025.

What technologies have made IoT possible?

While the idea of IoT has been in existence for a long time, a collection of recent advances
ina number of different technologies has made it practical.
 Access to low-cost, low-power sensor technology. Affordable and reliable sensors are making IoT
technology possible for more manufacturers.
 Connectivity. A host of network protocols for the internet has made it easy to connect sensors to
the cloud and to other “things” for efficient data transfer.
 Cloud computing platforms. The increase in the availability of cloud platforms enables both
businesses and consumers to access the infrastructure they need to scaleup without actually having
to manage it all.
 Machine learning and analytics. With advances in machine learning and analytics, along with
access to varied and vast amounts of data stored in the cloud, businesses can gather insights faster
and more easily. The emergence of these allied technologies continues to push the boundaries of
IoT and the data produced by IoT also feeds these technologies.
 Conversational artificial intelligence (AI). Advances in neural networks have brought natural-
language processing (NLP) to IoT devices (such as digital personal assistants Alexa, Cortana, and
Siri) and made them appealing, affordable, and viable for home use.

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What is industrial IoT?

Industrial IoT (IoT) refers to the application of IoT technology in industrial settings,
especially with respect to instrumentation and control of sensors and devices that engage cloud
technologies. Recently, industries have used machine-to-machine communication (M2M) to
achieve wireless automation and control. But with the emergence of cloud and allied technologies
(such as analytics and machine learning), industries can achieve a new automation layer and with it
create new revenue and business models. IoT is sometimes called the fourth wave of the industrial
revolution, or Industry 4.0.

The following are some common uses for IoT:

 Smart manufacturing
 Connected assets and preventive and predictive maintenance
 Smart power grids
 Smart cities
 Connected logistics
 Smart digital supply chains

Figure 3.1: Internet of things

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Figure 3.2: The top 10 most popular IoT applications

Applications of IoT

1. Wearables
Wearable technology is the hallmark of IoT applications and one of the earliest industries to
deploy IoT. We have fit bits, heart rate monitors and smartwatches these days.
Guardian glucose monitoring device has been developed to help people with diabetes. It detects
glucose levels in our body, uses a small electrode called the glucose sensor under the skin, and
relates it to a radiofrequency monitoring device.

2. Smart Home Applications

The smart home is probably the first thing when we talk about the IoT application. The
example we see the AI home automation is employed by Mark Zuckerberg. Alan Pan's home
automation system, where a string of musical notes uses in-house functions.

3. Health care
IoT applications can transform reactive medical-based systems into active wellness-based
systems. The Internet of Things improves the device's power, precision and availability. IoT
focuses on building systems rather than just tools.

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Here's how the IoT-enabled care device works.

4. Smart Cities
Most of you have heard about the term smart city. Smart city uses technology to provide
services. The smart city includes improving transportation and social services, promoting stability
and giving voice to their citizens.
The problems faced by Mumbai are very different from Delhi. Even global issues, such as clean
drinking water, declining air quality, and increasing urban density, occur in varying intensity
cities. Therefore, they affect every city.

5. Agriculture
By the year 2050, the world's growing population is estimated to have reached about 10
billion. To feed such a large population, agriculture needs to marry technology and get the best
results. There are many possibilities in this area. One of them is Smart Greenhouse.
Farming techniques grow crops by environmental parameters. However, manual handling results
in production losses, energy losses and labor costs, making it less effective.
The greenhouse makes it easy to monitor and enables to control the climate inside it.

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6. Industrial Automation
It is one of the areas where the quality of products is an essential factor for a more
significant investment return. Anyone can re-engineer products and their packaging to provide
superior performance in cost and customer experience with IoT applications. IoT will prove as a
game- changer. In industrial automation, IoT is used in the following areas:

 Product flow monitoring

 Factory digitization

 Inventory management

 Safety and security

 Logistics and Supply Chain Optimization

 Quality control

 Packaging customization

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CHAPTER 4
INTRODUCTION TO THINGWORX

DEFINITION OF THINGWORX
Thingworx is a platform for the rapid development and deployment of smart, connected devices.
Its set of integrated IoT development tools support connectivity, analysis, production, and other
aspects of IoT development.
It offers Vuforia for implementing augmented reality development, and Kepware for industrial
connectivity. KEPServerEX provides a single point for data distribution, and facilitates
interoperability when partnered with a ThingWorx agent.

Figure 4.1: Profile of ThingWorx

Components
Thingworx offers several key tools for building applications. These tools include the
Composer, the Mashup Builder, storage, a search engine, collaboration, and connectivity. The
Composer provides a modeling environment for design testing. The Mashup Builder delivers easy
dashboard building through common components (or widgets); for example, buttons, lists, wikis,
gauges, and etc.
Thingworx uses a search engine known as SQUEAL, meaning Search, Query, and Analysis.
Users employ SQUEAL in analyzing and filtering data, and searching records.

Interface
The ThingWorx platform uses certain terms you must familiarize yourself with. In the
main screen's top menu, you search for entities or create them. “Entity” refers to something created
in ThingWorx. You can also import/export files and perform various operations on them. In the
left menu, you find entity groups, which are used to produce models and visualize data; and
manage storage, collaboration, security, and the system.

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Figure 4.2: Properties of ThingWorx

When you select the Modeling category in the menu, you begin the process by creating an entity.
The entity can be any physical device or software element, and it produces an event on changes to
its property values; for example, a sensor detects a temperature change. You canset events to
trigger actions through a subscription which makes decisions based on device changes.

Data Shapes consist of one or more fields. They describe the data structure of custom
events, info tables, streams, and data tables. Data shapes are considered entities.

Figure 4.3: Data Shapes of ThingWorx

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Thing Templates and Thing Shapes allow developers to avoid repeating device property
definitions in large IoT systems. Developers create Thing Templates to allow new devices to
inherit properties. They use Thing Shapes to define Templates, properties, or execute services.
Note a Thing only inherits properties, services, events, and other qualities from a single template,
however, Things and templates can inherit properties from multiple Thing Shapes.

Development
ThingWorx actually requires very little programming. Users connect devices, establish a data
source, establish device behaviors, and build an interface without any coding. It also offers
scalability appropriate for both hobbyist projects and industrial applications.

Figure 4.4: Different Services Provided for ThingWorx

Different Services Provided for ThingWorx

ThingWorx has numerous services available for the users based upon their requirements. One can
easily install it on their desktop using 90 days of a free trial. Let’s look at the various services
provided:
1. ThingWorx Foundation

ThingWorx Foundation uses the least amount of coding and uses a mash builder which is a drag
and drop tool to carry out the operations. Creating a web page or mobile GUI’s can be easily
accomplished with the help of its foundation.

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2. ThingWorx Analytics

ThingWorx Analytics provides a platform for performing complex analytical and mathematical
operations without any prior statistical experience. Machine learning and AI technology embedded
in this Analytics solution automate most of the complex processes. The predictive modeling
algorithm quickly analyses the data obtained from the connected devices to forecast and detect the
pattern in the data.

3. ThingWorx for Industry

ThingWorx for Industrial connectivity manages, monitors and machines used in the factories and
the software application used to run them. It is the industrial solution that connects to a large
number of devices and systems in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, power &
utilities, and oil & gas. The Industrial Connectivity offers a real-time and historical view of OPC
incidents and diagnostics of communications.

4. ThingWorx Free Trial

This service connects devices across a wide range of topology and uses Amazon Web Services
IoT SDK to develop IoT solutions rapidly. Free trial service further provides access to monitoring
and managing connected assets, further enabling users to access critical and historical data quickly.

Advantages of ThingWorx
Few advantages of using ThingWorx solutions:

 To improve customer service and experience

 Maximum utilization of IoT eco-system

 Increase the revenue of the commercial establishment

 Automating and optimizing business process

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Figure 4.5: Advantages of ThingWorx

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CHAPTER 5

ALL ABOUT NODE MCU AND SENSORS

Figure 5.1: NODE MCU

INTRODUCTION:
Node MCU is an open-source LUA based firmware developed for the ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip. By
exploring functionality with the ESP8266 chip, Node MCU firmware comes with the ESP8266
Development board/kit i.e., Node MCU Development board. For example, Node MCU is an
embedded Microcontroller (ESP8266) with Wi-Fi, and a DHT11 temperature sensor, to collect
temperature and humidity information. We use the Arduino IDE to configure the microcontroller
and transfer the data via Wi-Fi to the IoT Hub.

Figure 5.2: ESP8266

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Applications of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module

 Access points portals

 IoT projects

 Wireless data logging

 Used in learning the networking fundamentals

 Sockets and smart bulbs

 Smart home automation systems

Different types of sensors used for Iot projects:

1. DHT11 SENSOR
DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This sensor can be
easily interfaced with any micro-controller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc.… to measure
humidity and temperature instantaneously. DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is available
as a sensor and as a module. The difference between this sensor and module is the pull-up resistor
and a power-on LED. DHT11 is a relative humidity sensor. To measure the surrounding air this
sensor uses a thermistor and a capacitive humidity sensor.

Figure 5.3: DHT11 sensor

2. FORCE SENSOR

Force sensor is a type of transducer, specifically a force transducer. It converts an input

mechanical force such as load, weight, tension, compression or pressure into another physical
variable, in this case, into an electrical output signal that can be measured, converted and
standardized. As the force applied to the force sensor increases, the electrical signal changes
proportionally. Force Transducers became an essential element in many industries from

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Automotive, High precision manufacturing.

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3. ADXL345
The ADXL345 is well suited to measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing
applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion or shock. Its highresolution (4
mg/LSB) enables measurement of inclination changes less than 1.0°. Furthermore, low power
modes enable intelligent motion-based power management with threshold sensing and active
acceleration measurement at extremely low power dissipation. Applications:

 Handsets
 Medical Instrumentation
 Gaming and Pointing Devices
 Industrial Instrumentation
 Personal Navigation Devices
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD) protection

Figure 5.4: ADXL345

4. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object by
emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal.
Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e., the sound that humans can
hear). Ultrasonic sensors have two main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using
piezoelectric crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and
from the target).

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Figure 5.5: ultrasonic sensor

5. FLAME SENSOR
A sensor which is most sensitive to a normal light is known as a flame sensor. That’s whythis
sensor module is used in flame alarms. This sensor detects flame otherwise wavelength within the
range of 760 nm – 1100 nm from the light source. This sensor can be easily damaged to high
temperature. So, this sensor can be placed at a certain distance from the flame.The flame detection
can be done from a 100cm distance and the detection angle will be 600. The output of this sensor
is an analog signal or digital signal. These sensors are used infirefighting robots like as a flame
alarm.

Figure 5.6: flame sensor

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CHAPTER 6
PROJECTS AND TASKS DONE

“Fan Controlling on Temperature Basis Using Arduino IOT Cloud

and ESP8266”

ABSTRACT
This study explores the implementation of a temperature-based fan control system utilizing the
NODE MCU platform. Leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT), the NODE MCU is employed to
monitor ambient temperatures and autonomously regulate fan speed. The system employs
temperature sensors to gather real-time data, which is then processed by the NODE MCU to adjust
the fan's speed dynamically. Through a web-based interface, users can set temperature thresholds
and customize fan control parameters remotely. The integration of NODE MCU in this context
demonstrates an efficient and flexible solution for temperature- sensitive fan management, offering
the potential for energy savings and enhanced user control in various environments.

INTRODUCTION
The introduction sets the stage by presenting the context and significance of implementing fan
control through NODE MCU. It discusses the increasing need for smart solutions in temperature
regulation, highlighting the role of loT devices in providing efficient and automated control.
Additionally, the introduction outlines the potential benefits of the proposed system, such as
improved energy conservation and optimal cooling performance.

OBJECTIVE
 Temperature-Based Control: The primary objective is to implement a fan control system
using NodeMCU that adjusts fan speed based on temperature readings.

 Energy Efficiency: Achieve energy efficiency by ensuring the fan operates at the
necessary speed to maintain a comfortable temperature, reducing unnecessary power
consumption.

 Real-Time Monitoring: Provide real-time monitoring of temperature data to enable users

to track temperature variations and fan speed adjustments remotely.

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COMPONENTS

1. NodeMCU Development Board: The central processing unit for loT connectivity.
2. Temperature Sensors (e.g., DS18B20): Devices for measuring ambient temperature.
3. DC Fan: The fan whose speed will be controlled based on temperature.
4. Motor Driver (if required): In case the fan requires a motor driver for speed control.
5. Power Supply: To provide the necessary power for the system. 6. Connecting Wires:
For establishing connections between components.

OVERVIEW

The fan control system based on NodeMCU and temperature sensors operates as an intelligent,
loT- enabled solution for maintaining optimal environmental conditions. The system's architecture
involves a seamless integration of hardware components and software logic to achieve efficient
temperature-based fan control. The following steps outline the working process:

1. Temperature Sensing: The system incorporates one or more temperature sensors, such as
the DS18B20, strategically placed to measure ambient temperature accurately.

2. NodeMCU Processing: The temperature sensor readings are collected by the NodeMCU,
which serves as the brain of the system. NodeMCU processes this data and executes the
control logic.
3. Control Logic: The control logic determines the appropriate fan speed based on the
temperature readings. This logic can be customized to prioritize energy efficiency, user
comfort, or a balance between the two.
4. Fan Speed Adjustment: The determined fan speed is then communicated to the fan, which
can be a DC fan. Depending the system's design, a motor driver may be employed to
regulate the fan speed effectively.
5. IoT Connectivity: NodeMCU, being an IoT-enabled platform, facilitates
communication between the fan control system and external devices or platforms. This
connectivity allows users to monitor and control the fan remotely through the internet.

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6. Remote Monitoring and Control: Users can access the fan control system through a user
interface, which may include a mobile app or a web application. Real-time temperature data,
fan speed status, and other relevant information are displayed for remote
monitoring and control.

Figure 6.1: Circuit Diagram on Fan Controlling on Temperature Basis

Using Arduino IOT Cloud and ESP8266

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APPLICATIONS

1. Energy Efficiency: The system dynamically adjusts fan speed, optimizing energy consumption.
2. User Comfort: Maintains a comfortable environment by responding to temperature changes.
3. Remote Control: Enables users to monitor and control the fan remotely through loT connectivity.
4. Scalability: The system can be expanded to include more sensors and devices for
comprehensive environmental control.

SOURCE CODE

#include <OneWire.h>

#include <Dallas Temperature.h>

// Pin configuration const int temperature SensorPin-D2;

// Pin where the temperature sensor is connected

const int fanPin -D1;

// Pin where the fan is connected

// Setup a one Wire instance to communicate with any OneWire devices OneWire one
Wire(temperature SensorPin);

// Pass the one Wire reference to Dallas Temperature sensor Dallas Temperature sensors(&one
Wire);

void setup()! Serial.begin(115200);

pinMode(fanPin, OUTPUT);

//Start the Dallas Temperature library sensors.begin();

void loop() [

Request temperature readings sensors.requestTemperatures();

Get the temperature in Celsius float temperature Celsius sensors.getTempCByIndex(0);

// Print temperature to Serial Monitor Serial.print("Temperature: ");

Serial.print(temperature Celsius), Serial.println(" °C");

// Adjust fan speed based on temperature adjustFanSpeed(temperatureCelsius);

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//Delay for stability (adjust as needed) delay(5000); 1

void adjust FanSpeed(float temperature)

//Define temperature thresholds for fan speed control

float lower Threshold 25.0;

// Adjust as needed float upper Threshold 30.0;

// Adjust as needed

//Map temperature to fan speed (PWM duty cycle)

int fanSpeedmap(constrain(temperature, lower Threshold, upper Threshold), lower Threshold,

upper Threshold, 0, 255);

// Set the fan speed using PWM analogWrite(fanPin, fanSpeed); }

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the development and implementation of the temperature-based fan control system
using NodeMCU showcase the potential of integrating lot technology into everyday appliances for
enhanced functionality and efficiency. The system effectively addresses the dynamic nature of
environmental conditions, particularly temperature, by providing intelligent control over fan speed.
Several key points emerge from this project:

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CHAPTER 7

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF IOT

Advantages:
 It can assist in the smarter control of homes and cities via mobile phones. It enhancessecurity and
offers personal protection.
 By automating activities, it saves us a lot of time.
 Information is easily accessible, even if we are far away from our actual location,and it is
updated frequently in real time.
 Electric Devices are directly connected and communicate with a controller computer, such as a
cell phone, resulting in efficient electricity use. As a result, there will be no unnecessary use of
electricity equipment.
 Personal assistance can be provided by IoT apps, which can alert you to your regular plans.
 It is useful for safety because it senses any potential danger and warns users. For example, GM
OnStar, is an integrated device that system which identifies a car crash or accident on road. It
immediately makes a call if an accident or crash is found.
 It minimizes human effort because IoT devices connect and communicate with one another and
perform a variety of tasks without the need for human intervention.
 Patient care can be performed more effectively in real time without the need for a doctor’s visit. It
gives them the ability to make choices as well as provide evidence- based care.

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Disadvantages:
• Hackers may gain access to the system and steal personal information. Since we add so many
devices to the internet, there is a risk that our information as it can be misused.
• They rely heavily on the internet and are unable to function effectively without it.
• With the complexity of systems, there are many ways for them to fail.
• We lose control of our lives—our lives will be fully controlled and reliant on technology.
• Overuse of the Internet and technology makes people unintelligent because they rely on smart
devices instead of doing physical work, causing them to becomelazy.
• Unskilled workers are at a high risk of losing their jobs, which could lead to unemployment. Smart
surveillance cameras, robots, smart ironing systems, smart washing machines, and other facilities
are replacing security guards, maids, ironmen, and dry-cleaning services etc.
• It is very difficult to plan, build, manage, and enable a broad technology to IoT framework.
• Deploying IoT devices is very costly and time-consuming.

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COURSE OUTCOME

Fundamentals of Iot Development with ThingWorx

This introductory course will teach you how to model, connect, analyze, and build Internet of
Things (IoT) applications using ThingWorx, an industry-class platform used by developers across
the globe. Thiscourse is focusedon a project where the studentsbuild an automated IoT system and
is supported by lectures and hands-on tutorial exercises

IoT Modeling with ThingWorx

This course dives deep into the Model stage of the ThingWorxDevelopment Process and is
organized around a framework designed to take a user-based approach to IoT solution design.
Students identify who their users are, where the data is coming from in their system, and follow a
decision tree to design an IoT Model in ThingWorx. Then students design a data strategy to guide
the creation of properties, services, events and subscriptions. The course is organized around a
project set in the context of smart connected operations for a manufacturing

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CONCLUSION

The conclusion of IoT, or the Internet of Things, is that it has become an increasinglyimportant
and widespread technology with a wide range of applications. IoT refers to the network of
interconnected physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items that are embedded
with sensors, software, and connectivity, allowing them to exchange data and communicate with
each other.
IoT is not the same as AI, or artificial intelligence. AI is a branch of computer science that deals
with the development of intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human-
like intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision- making, and language
translation. While IoT devices can collect and transmit data, AI can analyze and make decisions
based on that data.

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REFERENCES
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_of_things/internet_of_things_thingworx.htm

https://www.educba.com/thingworx/

https://www.oracle.com/in/internet-of-things/what-is-internet-of-things.
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-iot/

https://www.javatpoint.com/internet-of-things-applications

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